14,671 research outputs found
Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. II. Bipartite systems, physical processes, and heterodyne squeezed states
Extending the scheme developed for a single mode of the electromagnetic field
in the preceding paper ``Structure of multiphoton quantum optics. I. Canonical
formalism and homodyne squeezed states'', we introduce two-mode nonlinear
canonical transformations depending on two heterodyne mixing angles. They are
defined in terms of hermitian nonlinear functions that realize heterodyne
superpositions of conjugate quadratures of bipartite systems. The canonical
transformations diagonalize a class of Hamiltonians describing non degenerate
and degenerate multiphoton processes. We determine the coherent states
associated to the canonical transformations, which generalize the non
degenerate two--photon squeezed states. Such heterodyne multiphoton squeezed
are defined as the simultaneous eigenstates of the transformed, coupled
annihilation operators. They are generated by nonlinear unitary evolutions
acting on two-mode squeezed states. They are non Gaussian, highly non
classical, entangled states. For a quadratic nonlinearity the heterodyne
multiphoton squeezed states define two--mode cubic phase states. The
statistical properties of these states can be widely adjusted by tuning the
heterodyne mixing angles, the phases of the nonlinear couplings, as well as the
strength of the nonlinearity. For quadratic nonlinearity, we study the
higher-order contributions to the susceptibility in nonlinear media and we
suggest possible experimental realizations of multiphoton conversion processes
generating the cubic-phase heterodyne squeezed states.Comment: 16 pages, 23 figure
Optical implementation of continuous-variable quantum cloning machines
We propose an optical implementation of the Gaussian continuous-variable
quantum cloning machines. We construct a symmetric N -> M cloner which
optimally clones coherent states and we also provide an explicit design of an
asymmetric 1 -> 2 cloning machine. All proposed cloning devices can be built
from just a single non-degenerate optical parametric amplifier and several beam
splitters.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, REVTe
Versatile engineering of multimode squeezed states by optimizing the pump spectral profile in spontaneous parametric down-conversion
We study the quantum correlations induced by spontaneous parametric
down-conversion (SPDC) of a frequency comb. We derive a theoretical method to
find the output state corresponding to a pump with an arbitrary spectral
profile. After applying it to the relevant example of a spectrally chirped
pump, we run an optimization algorithm to numerically find the pump profiles
maximizing some target functions. These include the number of independently
squeezed modes and the variances of nullifiers defining cluster states used in
many continuous-variable quantum information protocols. To assess the
advantages of pump-shaping in real experiments we take into account the
physical limitations of the pulse shaper.Comment: Updated title, improved presentation and figures, added references,
corrected typos. Closer to the version accepted for publicatio
The rationale for a safe asset and fiscal capacity for the Eurozone. LEQS Paper No. 144/2019 May 2019
The only way to share common liabilities in the Eurozone is to achieve full fiscal and
political union, i.e. unity of liability and control. In the pursuit of that goal, there is a
need to smooth the transition, avoid unnecessary strains to macroeconomic and
financial stability and lighten the burden of stabilisation policies from national
sovereigns and the European Central Bank, while preserving market discipline and
avoiding moral hazard. Both fiscal and monetary policy face constraints linked to the
high legacy debt in some countries and the zero-lower-bound, respectively, and thus
introducing Eurozone ‘safe assets’ and fiscal capacity at the centre would strengthen
the transmission of monetary and fiscal policies. The paper introduces a standard
Mundell-Fleming framework adapted to the features of a closed monetary union, with
a two-country setting comprising a ‘core’ and a ‘periphery’ country, to evaluate the
response of policy and the economy in case of symmetric and asymmetric demand
and supply shocks in the current situation and following the introduction of safe bonds
and fiscal capacity. Under the specified assumptions, it concludes that a safe asset
and fiscal capacity, better if in combination, would remove the doom loop between
banks and sovereigns, reduce the loss in output for both economies and improve the
stabilisation properties of fiscal policy for both countries, and thus is welfare
enhancing
Protection, openness, and factor adjustment : evidence from the manufacturing sector in Uruguay
The authors use a panel of manufacturing firms to analyze the adjustment process in capital blue collar and white collar employment in Uruguay during a period of trade liberalization when average tariff protection fell from 43 to 14 percent. They calculate the desired factor levels arising from a counterfactual profit maximization in the absence of adjustment costs, generating a measure of factor shortages or surpluses. The average estimated output gap for 1982-95 is 2 percent. The authors'policy analysis shows that trade openness affected the adjustment functions of all three factors of production.Highly protected sectors adjust less when creating jobs (reducing labor shortages) than sectors with low protection. This may be due to fears of policy reversal in highly protected sectors. Also, highly protected sectors adjust more easily (than low protection sectors) when destroying jobs (reducing labor surpluses), especially in the case of blue collar labor. This suggests that trade protection may in fact destroy rather than create jobs within industries, as firms in highly protected sectors are more reluctant to hire and more ready to fire than firms in sectors with low protection. The results for capital are qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller, suggesting that trade protection plays less of a role in explaining adjustment costs for capital. Interestingly, export-oriented sectors have lower adjustment costs for blue collar labor but not for white collar employment or capital, suggesting that export-led growth may be particularly successful in reducing blue collar unemployment.Economic Theory&Research,Labor Markets,Free Trade,Economic Growth,Educational Sciences
Relativistic Nuclear Energy Density Functionals: Mean-Field and Beyond
Relativistic energy density functionals (EDF) have become a standard tool for
nuclear structure calculations, providing a complete and accurate, global
description of nuclear ground states and collective excitations. Guided by the
medium dependence of the microscopic nucleon self-energies in nuclear matter,
semi-empirical functionals have been adjusted to the nuclear matter equation of
state and to bulk properties of finite nuclei, and applied to studies of
arbitrarily heavy nuclei, exotic nuclei far from stability, and even systems at
the nucleon drip-lines. REDF-based structure models have also been developed
that go beyond the static mean-field approximation, and include collective
correlations related to the restoration of broken symmetries and to
fluctuations of collective variables. These models are employed in analyses of
structure phenomena related to shell evolution, including detailed predictions
of excitation spectra and electromagnetic transition rates.Comment: To be published in Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physic
Quantum Big Bang without fine-tuning in a toy-model
The question of possible physics before Big Bang (or after Big Crunch) is
addressed via a schematic non-covariant simulation of the loss of observability
of the Universe. Our model is drastically simplified by the reduction of its
degrees of freedom to the mere finite number. The Hilbert space of states is
then allowed time-dependent and singular at the critical time . This
option circumvents several traditional theoretical difficulties in a way
illustrated via solvable examples. In particular, the unitary evolution of our
toy-model quantum Universe is shown interruptible, without any fine-tuning, at
the instant of its bang or collapse .Comment: 20 pp., 1 fig., invited talk for the conference "10th Workshop on
Quantization, Dualities and Integrable Systems" (April 22 - 24, 2011),
http://qdis.emu.edu.tr/index.htm
Protection, Openness and Factor Adjustment: Evidence from the manufacturing sector in Uruguay
Using a panel of Uruguayan manufacturing firms we analyze the adjustment process in capital, blue collar and white collar employment. Our results confirm the lumpy nature of factor adjustment, the relevance of nonlinearities and the interdependence between factor shortages. The average annual estimated output gap due to adjustment cost for1982-1995 was 2%. Trade openness affected the adjustment functions of all three factors. Highly protected sectors adjust less when creating jobs (reducing labor shortages) than sectors with low protection. This may be due to fears of policy reversal in highly protected sectors. Also, highly protected sectors adjust more easily (than low protection sectors) when destroying jobs (reducing labor surpluses), especially in the case of blue collar labor. This suggests that trade protection may in fact destroy rather than create jobs within industries, as firms in highly protected sectors are more reluctant to hire and more ready to fire than firms in sectors with low protection. The results for capital are qualitatively similar but quantitatively smaller. Overall the impact of higher international exposure is larger for blue collar workers than white collar workers.Adjustment costs, Adjustment functions, Openness
Optical state engineering, quantum communication, and robustness of entanglement promiscuity in three-mode Gaussian states
We present a novel, detailed study on the usefulness of three-mode Gaussian
states states for realistic processing of continuous-variable quantum
information, with a particular emphasis on the possibilities opened up by their
genuine tripartite entanglement. We describe practical schemes to engineer
several classes of pure and mixed three-mode states that stand out for their
informational and/or entanglement properties. In particular, we introduce a
simple procedure -- based on passive optical elements -- to produce pure
three-mode Gaussian states with {\em arbitrary} entanglement structure (upon
availability of an initial two-mode squeezed state). We analyze in depth the
properties of distributed entanglement and the origin of its sharing structure,
showing that the promiscuity of entanglement sharing is a feature peculiar to
symmetric Gaussian states that survives even in the presence of significant
degrees of mixedness and decoherence. Next, we discuss the suitability of the
considered tripartite entangled states to the implementation of quantum
information and communication protocols with continuous variables. This will
lead to a feasible experimental proposal to test the promiscuous sharing of
continuous-variable tripartite entanglement, in terms of the optimal fidelity
of teleportation networks with Gaussian resources. We finally focus on the
application of three-mode states to symmetric and asymmetric telecloning, and
single out the structural properties of the optimal Gaussian resources for the
latter protocol in different settings. Our analysis aims to lay the basis for a
practical quantum communication with continuous variables beyond the bipartite
scenario.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures (some low-res due to size constraints), IOP
style; (v2) improved and reorganized, accepted for publication in New Journal
of Physic
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