Luonnontieteiden, lukemisen ja matematiikan osaamisen arviointi : PISA 2006 -viitekehys

Suomi on ollut mukana OECD:n PISA-tutkimusohjelmassa (Programme for International Student Assessment) sen perustamisvuodesta 1997 lähtien. Tutkimusohjelmassa OECD-jäsenmaiden hallitukset sitoutuvat arvioimaan koulutusjärjestelmiensä oppimistuloksia yhteisen kansainvälisen viitekehyksen avulla. PISA-tutkimuksen kansainvälisillä asiantuntijaryhmillä varmistetaan, että välineissä huomioidaan eri OECD-maiden kulttuuriset ja koulutuspoliittiset erityispiirteet, että niiden mittausominaisuudet ovat hyviä ja että niissä painottuvat luotettavuus ja koulutuksellinen pätevyys. Viimeisin raportoitu tutkimuskierros on vuoden 2006 luonnontieteelliseen osaamiseen keskittynyt tutkimus. Luonnontieteiden, lukemisen ja matematiikan osaamisen arviointi: PISA 2006 viitekehys on ensimmäinen suomeksi käännetty OECD:n PISA-tutkimuksesta julkaistu viitekehys. Tässä julkaisussa esitellään PISA 2006 -tutkimuksen perusperiaatteet. Niitä kuvaillaan opittavien sisältöjen, suoritettavien prosessien sekä tietojen ja taitojen soveltamisympäristöjen avulla. Lisäksi arvioinnin aihepiirejä havainnollistetaan muutamilla näytetehtävillä. OECD:n alkuperäisjulkaisut PISA-tutkimuskierrosten viitekehyksistä ovat: Measuring Student Knowledge and Skills – A New Framework for Assessment (OECD, 1999), The PISA 2003 Assessment Framework – Mathematics, Reading, Science and Problem Solving Knowledge and Skills (OECD, 2003a), Assessing Scientific, Reading and Mathematical Literacy: A framework for PISA 2006 ja PISA 2009 Assessment Framework.Key Competencies in Reading, Mathematics and Science

The Palaeographical Method under the Light of a Digital Approach

This paper has the twofold aim of reflecting upon a humanities computing approach to palaeography, and of making such reflections - together with its related experimental results - fruitful at the implementation level. Firstly, the paper explores the methodological issues related to the use of a digital tool to support the palaeographical analysis of medieval handwriting. It claims that humanities computing methods can assist in making explicit those processes of the palaeographical research that encompass detailed analyses, in particular of the handwriting and, more generally, of other idiosyncratic features of written cultural artefacts. Thus, palaeographical tools are to be contextualised and used within a broader methodological framework where their role is to mediate the vision, the comparison, the representation, the analysis and the interpretation of these objects. Secondly, the paper attempts to evaluate the experimentations carried out with a specific software and, in so doing, to test a humanities computing approach to palaeography at a practical level, so as to direct future implementations. Some of these implementations have already been carried out by the current developers of the application in question with whom the author collaborates closely, while others are still in progress and in need of future iterative refinements

Simple_PLUS: una red de relaciones léxico-semánticas

Este artículo trata de la base de datos léxico-semántica del italiano, Simple_PLUS, y particularmente de su núcleo central: la red de relaciones léxico-semánticas. Este recurso lexical tiene como base Parole-Simple-Clips, un léxico electrónico con cuatro niveles de descripción, elaborado según el modelo SIMPLE. Simple_PLUS se compone de 30.000 entradas semánticas, sean importadas del léxico fuente, sean recién creadas, todas dotadas de un amplio conjunto de información proporcionado por el modelo subyacente. En Simple_PLUS, aquella representación semántica fue enriquecida con una información relacional esencial, en un proceso semiautomático. Mas de 5.000 lazos que relacionan los eventos con sus participantes y los co-participantes entre sí ─ vínculos que no podían ser descritos antes por falta de medios de representación adecuados ─ fueron codificados mediante un vocabulario descriptivo apropiado, que fue prestado del modelo EuroWordNet. Estos lazos conceptuales, que enriquecen la representación predicativa del léxico, aportan un conocimiento lexical imprescindible para las tareas de PLN y la Web semántica.The present article deals with the Italian lexical-semantic database Simple_PLUS and focuses on its essential core, i.e. the network of lexical semantic relations. This lexical resource builds on Parole-Simple-Clips, a four-layered electronic lexicon of Italian, founded on the SIMPLE model. Simple_PLUS consists of 30,000 semantic entries, partly imported from the source lexicon and partly newly created, but all encoding a wide-ranging set of information provided by the underpinning model. In Simple_PLUS, this semantic representation has been enriched with significant relational information, in a largely automated, inexpensive process. More than 5,000 relationships between events and their participants and among co-participants in events, links which were not capturable previously through lack of suitable representational means, have been encoded with the appropriate descriptive vocabulary borrowed from the EuroWordNet lexical model. Such conceptual links, which efficiently enhance the predicative representation in the lexicon, provide crucial lexical knowledge for NLP systems and for the Semantic Web

Conspectus Fragmentorum and Bibliography

8.1. Conspectus Fragmentorum 8.2. Bibliograph

The CR structure of minimal orbits in complex flag manifolds

Let \^G be a complex semisimple Lie group, Q a parabolic subgroup and G a real form of \^G. The flag manifold \^G/Q decomposes into finitely many G-orbits; among them there is exactly one orbit of minimal dimension, which is compact. We study these minimal orbits from the point of view of CR geometry. In particular we characterize those minimal orbits that are of finite type and satisfy various nondegeneracy conditions, compute their fundamental group and describe the space of their global CR functions. Our main tool are parabolic CR algebras, which give an infinitesimal description of the CR structure of minimal orbits.Comment: AMS-TeX, 44 pages v2: minor revisio

Matematiikan didaktiikka tutkimuksen valossa - kohti kansainvälisyyttä

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