Environmental Policy Update 2012: Development Strategies and Environmental Policy in East Africa

The seven chapters that comprise this report explore ways to integrate sustainability goals and objectives into Ethiopia's current development strategies

A Review of Solid Waste Management Strategies in Nigeria

The global population and increased urbanization have resulted in the increased production of municipal solid waste, thus, becoming a critical issue as a result of its poor management and inappropriate disposal. This is particularly the case of developing countries. This study assessed Solid Waste Management (SWM) strategies commonly adopted by different state waste management Authorities in Nigeria with a view to develop a sustainable roadmap for the management of solid waste in Nigeria. It assessed the Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy (TSWMS), Waste Minimisation Strategy (WMS) as well as the Technological Strategy (TcS) employed, laying focus on their challenges and benefits. The study depended on a desktop study approach; hence, data were obtained from secondary data as the main source of information with emphasis on published journals, conference papers, newspaper posts and statutory reports from government agencies relevant to the current study. Results from the review showed that waste management across various parts of Nigeria is poor, interwoven with several challenges at all phase of the management process with little benefits recorded on alternative SWM strategy. The reason for the low success rate of some of this management strategies were noted as; increase in population, area covered, increase in urbanization and industrialization, tenure of government, over dependence on government authorities for waste management, finance and other factors of the environment. Although most waste authorities rely heavily on the TSWMS, WMS and the TcS showed a better and promising alternative strategy when inculcated into the already existing strategy. Based on this finding, a roadmap for the actualization of a sustainable integrated solid waste management strategy was recommended for adaptation and adoption by the Nigerian SWM Authorities and Agencies. Keywords: Nigeria, Solid Waste Management, Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy, Waste Minimisation Strategy, Technological Strategy, Waste Authorities. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-6-11 Publication date:June 30th 202

A Review of Local Factors Affecting Solid Waste Collection in Nigeria

The knowledge of local and regional factors that affect effective solid waste collection plays an important role in choosing appropriate technology. Waste collection has grown to become a major challenge demanding daily response from waste managers and it becomes inevitable to provide stakeholders with necessary information to aid key decision-making. This paper provides a comprehensive and detailed review of local-based factors that affect waste collection in Nigeria. Literature study and on-site observation were used for getting theoretical and useful information on the collection of waste in the study area. The study considered various standard collection technologies and their supporting factors in order to assess the effectiveness of existing methods. The current collection techniques existing in different parts of the country together with unique local factors for these various areas are reported. The findings in many cases reveal that the method of waste collection adopted and equipment used are faced with many challenges. This paper revealed that there is no investment presently made on the existing development plan to initiate a modern waste collection system. The study recommends a new approach that could be used by institutions and government agencies for efficient municipal solid waste collection to achieve sustainable and effective sanitation which will consequently facilitate the development of an aesthetically balanced and friendly environmen

Municipal solid waste management in small towns : an economic analysis conducted in Yunnan, China

Municipal solid waste management continues to be a major challenge for local governments in both urban and rural areas across the world, and one of the key issues is their financial constraints. Recently an economic analysis was conducted in Eryuan, a poor county located in Yunnan Province of China, where willingness to pay for an improved solid waste collection and treatment service was estimated and compared with the project cost. This study finds that the mean willingness to pay is about 1 percent of household income and the total willingness to pay can basically cover the total cost of the project. The analysis also shows that the poorest households in Eryuan are not only willing to pay more than the rich households in terms of income percentage in general, but also are willing to pay no less than the rich in absolute terms where no solid waste services are available; the poorest households have stronger demand for public solid waste management services while the rich have the capability to take private measures when public services are not available.Urban Solid Waste Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Waste Disposal&Utilization,Energy and Environment,Environment and Energy Efficiency

Comparative analysis of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition in three local government areas in Rivers State, Nigeria

Rivers State is one of the major oil producing States in Nigeria. Its capital, Port Harcourt and sub-urban areas have witnessed an increased influx of migrants in recent time. Consequently, the consumption of goods and services has also increased leading to generation of unprecedented quantities of municipal solid waste. Previous efforts by relevant authorities to contain this increase in waste generation have proved abortive due largely to among other reasons, inappropriate and unsustainable municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems. The first step in a sustainable MSW management is to understand the types, composition and variation that exist in the waste generated in time and space. Previous reports have been concentrated on the characteristics of waste in Port Harcourt. This present work evaluated solid waste composition in three LGAs in Rivers State with a view of an integrated approach in MSW management in the State. Waste characteristics varied with the different locations studied. Generation rate was 0.45, 0.98 and 1.16 kg/capita/day for Emougha, Obio/Akpor and Port Harcourt, respectively. Most prominent categories were organic waste, paper and nylon. Mean percentage composition was 65, 65.5 and 59% for organic waste, 13, 11 and 6% for paper and 12, 16 and 14% for nylon in Port Harcourt, Obio/Akpor and Emougha LGAs, respectively. It is believed that given the characteristics of these waste streams, a sustainable management strategy could have several benefits including resources recovery and energy generation.Key words: Municipal solid waste (MSW), characterization, Rivers State, integrated MSW management

Barriers and challenges to waste management hindering the circular economy in Sub-Saharan Africa

https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/33267More and more, waste generated in most parts of the Western world has been recycled and transformed into new circularity products. However, managing waste within Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), such as in Ghana, has become a challenge due to the continued practice of the old traditional linear waste economy, that is, the taking, making and disposing methods of management, representing a threat to global environmental sustainability. Despite the need to revise current linear waste management (WM) in order to turn to the circular economy (CE) model, which consists of the concept of renew, remake and share, to advance sustainable development, a number of factors restrict the CE realization in practice, specifically in developing countries. An integrative methodology was used in this article to identify some of the challenges that hinder the achievement of CE in SSA countries. The results revealed the absence of educational programs and public awareness of waste management activities. The findings also highlight the lack of political will, funding and national policies on WM as some of the most significant issues. The study contributes to further encouraging policymakers and policy implementers, entrepreneurs and relevant interested groups to commit resources to sustainable WM services aiming to advancing CE in SSA countries.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Public-Private Sector Involvement in Providing Efficient Solid Waste Management Services in Nigeria

This paper reviews the partnership between the public and the private sectors in providing e�cient solid waste management (SWM) services. While the responsibility of providing SWM services lies with the public sector, the sector has not been able to meet the demand for e�cient service delivery, especially in developing countries. In a bid to increase e�ciency and lower costs incurred in rendering these services, the involvement of the private sector has been sought. With a focus on major Nigerian cities, partnerships between the local government and private operators in SWM have been analysed based on the level to which the partnership has improved the SWM services. This paper provides an understanding that the success of any public-private partnership relies on the extent to which all stakeholders perform their duties. If the public sector is slack in monitoring and supervising the activities of the private operators, the latter may focus on profit generation while neglecting e�cient service delivery. Also, legislation is an important part of SWM. Without the right legislation and enforcement, waste generators will not be mandated to dispose their waste properly. The public sector as a facilitator is responsible for creating an environment for private operators to function, particularly through legislation, enforcement and public sensitization