A State-Machine Model for Reliability Eliciting over Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks

AbstractAdvances in communications and embedded systems have led to the proliferation of wireless sensor and actuator networks (WSANs) in a wide variety of application domains. One important key of many such WSAN applications is the needed to meet non-functional requirements (e.g., lifetime, reliability, time guarantees) as well as functional ones (e.g. monitoring, actuation). Some application domains even require that sensor nodes be deployed in harsh environments (e.g., refineries), where they can fail due to communication interference, power problems or other issues. Unfortunately, the node failures can be catastrophic for critical or safety related systems. State machines can offer a promising approach to separate the two concerns – functional and non-functional – bringing forth reliability exception conditions handling, by means of fault handling states. We develop an approach that allows users to define and program typical applications using their platform language, but also adds state machine logic to design, view and handle explicitly other concerns such as reliability. The experimental section shows a working deployment of this concept in an industrial refinery settin

S-DSL: domain specific language for the programming of sensor devices of environmental variables

The aim of this paper is to present S-DSL, an external domain-specific language for programming sensor nodes, which seeks to facilitate the programming of devices using easily understood language that allows the developer to focus on the states which can pass a node and the actions to be developed in each state.Eje: Workshop Procesamiento de señales y sistemas de tiempo real (WPSTR)Red de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Automated Construction of Node Software Using Attributes in a Ubiquitous Sensor Network Environment

In sensor networks, nodes must often operate in a demanding environment facing restrictions such as restricted computing resources, unreliable wireless communication and power shortages. Such factors make the development of ubiquitous sensor network (USN) applications challenging. To help developers construct a large amount of node software for sensor network applications easily and rapidly, this paper proposes an approach to the automated construction of node software for USN applications using attributes. In the proposed technique, application construction proceeds by first developing a model for the sensor network and then designing node software by setting the values of the predefined attributes. After that, the sensor network model and the design of node software are verified. The final source codes of the node software are automatically generated from the sensor network model. We illustrate the efficiency of the proposed technique by using a gas/light monitoring application through a case study of a Gas and Light Monitoring System based on the Nano-Qplus operating system. We evaluate the technique using a quantitative metric—the memory size of execution code for node software. Using the proposed approach, developers are able to easily construct sensor network applications and rapidly generate a large number of node softwares at a time in a ubiquitous sensor network environment

A Compilation Framework for Macroprogramming Networked Sensors

Abstract. Macroprogramming—the technique of specifying the behavior of the system, as opposed to the constituent nodes—provides application developers with high level abstractions that alleviate the programming burden in develop- ing wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. However, as the semantic gap between macroprogramming abstractions and node-level code is considerably wider than in traditional programming, converting the high level specification to running code is a daunting process, and a major hurdle to the acceptance of macroprogramming. In this paper, we propose a general compilation framework for a data-driven macroprogramming language that allows for plugging in different modules implementing various stages of compilation. We also demonstrate an actual instantiation of our framework by showing an end-to-end solution for compiling macro- programs. Our compiler provides the final code to be deployed on real nodes as well as an estimate of the costs the running system will incur, e.g., in terms of messages exchanged. We compared the auto-generated code against a hand- coded version for the same application behavior to verify the outcome of our compiler

Flexible Service Provisioning for Heterogeneous Sensor Networks

This paper presents Servilla, a highly flexible service provisioning framework for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Its service-oriented programming model and middleware enable developers to construct platform-independent applications over a dynamic set of devices with diverse computational resources and sensors. A salient feature of Servilla is its support for dynamic discovery and binding to local and remote services, which enables flexible and energy-efficient in-network collaboration among heterogeneous devices. Furthermore, Servilla provides a modular middleware architecture that can be easily tailored for devices with a wide range of resources, allowing even resource-limited devices to provide services and leverage resource-rich devices for in-network processing. Microbenchmarks demonstrate the efficiency of Servilla\u27s middleware, and an application case study for structural health monitoring on a heterogeneous testbed consisting of TelosB and Imote2 nodes demonstrates the efficacy of its programming model.This paper is replaced by tech report WUCSE-2009-2

Programming models for sensor networks: a survey

Sensor networks have a significant potential in diverse applications some of which are already beginning to be deployed in areas such as environmental monitoring. As the application logic becomes more complex, programming difficulties are becoming a barrier to adoption of these networks. The difficulty in programming sensor networks is not only due to their inherently distributed nature but also the need for mechanisms to address their harsh operating conditions such as unreliable communications, faulty nodes, and extremely constrained resources. Researchers have proposed different programming models to overcome these difficulties with the ultimate goal of making programming easy while making full use of available resources. In this article, we first explore the requirements for programming models for sensor networks. Then we present a taxonomy of the programming models, classified according to the level of abstractions they provide. We present an evaluation of various programming models for their responsiveness to the requirements. Our results point to promising efforts in the area and a discussion of the future directions of research in this area.

Compiling functional reactive macroprograms for sensor networks

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).Sensor networks present a number of novel programming challenges for application developers. Their inherent limitations of computational power, communication bandwidth, and energy demand new approaches to programming that shield the developer from low-level details of resource management, concurrency, and in-network processing. To answer this challenge, this thesis presents a functional macroprogramming language called Regiment. The essential data model in Regiment is based on regions, which represent spatially distributed, time-varying collections of state. The programmer uses regions to define and manipulate dynamic sets of sensor nodes. A first compiler for Regiment has been constructed, which implements the essential core of the language on the TinyOS platform. This thesis presents the compiler as well as an intermediate language developed to serve as a Regiment compilation target.by Ryan Rhodes Newton.S.M