A systematic survey of online data mining technology intended for law enforcement

As an increasing amount of crime takes on a digital aspect, law enforcement bodies must tackle an online environment generating huge volumes of data. With manual inspections becoming increasingly infeasible, law enforcement bodies are optimising online investigations through data-mining technologies. Such technologies must be well designed and rigorously grounded, yet no survey of the online data-mining literature exists which examines their techniques, applications and rigour. This article remedies this gap through a systematic mapping study describing online data-mining literature which visibly targets law enforcement applications, using evidence-based practices in survey making to produce a replicable analysis which can be methodologically examined for deficiencies

Detecting Social Spamming on Facebook Platform

Tänapäeval toimub väga suur osa kommunikatsioonist elektroonilistes suhtlusvõrgustikes. Ühest küljest lihtsustab see omavahelist suhtlemist ja uudiste levimist, teisest küljest loob see ideaalse pinnase sotsiaalse rämpsposti levikuks. Rohkem kui kahe miljardi kasutajaga Facebooki platvorm on hetkel rämpsposti levitajate üks põhilisi sihtmärke. Platvormi kasutajad puutuvad igapäevaselt kokku ohtude ja ebameeldivustega nagu pahavara levitavad lingid, vulgaarsused, vihakõned, kättemaksuks levitatav porno ja muu. Kuigi uurijad on esitanud erinevaid tehnikaid sotsiaalmeedias rämpspostituste vähendamiseks, on neid rakendatud eelkõige Twitteri platvormil ja vaid vähesed on seda teinud Facebookis. Pidevalt arenevate rämpspostitusmeetoditega võitlemiseks tuleb välja töötada järjest uusi rämpsposti avastamise viise. Käesolev magistritöö keskendub Facebook platvormile, kuhu on lõputöö raames paigutatud kümme „meepurki” (ingl honeypot), mille abil määratakse kindlaks väljakutsed rämpsposti tuvastamisel, et pakkuda tõhusamaid lahendusi. Kasutades kõiki sisendeid, kaasa arvatud varem mujal sotsiaalmeedias testitud meetodid ja informatsioon „meepurkidest”, luuakse andmekaeve ja masinõppe meetoditele tuginedes klassifikaator, mis suudab eristada rämpspostitaja profiili tavakasutaja profiilist. Nimetatu saavutamiseks vaadeldakse esmalt peamisi väljakutseid ja piiranguid rämpsposti tuvastamisel ning esitletakse varasemalt tehtud uuringuid koos tulemustega. Seejärel kirjeldatakse rakenduslikku protsessi, alustades „meepurgi” ehitusest, andmete kogumisest ja ettevalmistamisest kuni klassifikaatori ehitamiseni. Lõpuks esitatakse „meepurkidelt” saadud vaatlusandmed koos klassifikaatori tulemustega ning võrreldakse neid uurimistöödega teiste sotsiaalmeedia platvormide kohta. Selle lõputöö peamine panus on klassifikaator, mis suudab eristada Facebooki kasutaja profiilid spämmerite omast. Selle lõputöö originaalsus seisneb eesmärgis avastada erinevat sotsiaalset spämmi, mitte ainult pahavara levitajaid vaid ka neid, kes levitavad roppust, massiliselt sõnumeid, heakskiitmata sisu jne.OSNs (Online Social Networks) are dominating the human interaction nowadays, easing the communication and spreading of news on one hand and providing a global fertile soil to grow all different kinds of social spamming, on the other. Facebook platform, with its 2 billions current active users, is currently on the top of the spammers' targets. Its users are facing different kind of social threats everyday, including malicious links, profanity, hate speech, revenge porn and others. Although many researchers have presented their different techniques to defeat spam on social media, specially on Twitter platform, very few have targeted Facebook's.To fight the continuously evolving spam techniques, we have to constantly develop and enhance the spam detection methods. This research digs deeper in the Facebook platform, through 10 implemented honeypots, to state the challenges that slow the spam detection process, and ways to overcome it. Using all the given inputs, including the previous techniques tested on other social medias along with observations driven from the honeypots, the final product is a classifier that distinguish the spammer profiles from legitimate ones through data mining and machine learning techniques. To achieve this, the research first overviews the main challenges and limitations that obstruct the spam detection process, and presents the related researches with their results. It then, outlines the implementation steps, from the honeypot construction step, passing through the data collection and preparation and ending by building the classifier itself. Finally, it presents the observations driven from the honeypot and the results from the classifier and validates it against the results from previous researches on different social platforms. The main contribution of this thesis is the end classifier which will be able to distinguish between the legitimate Facebook profiles and the spammer ones. The originality of the research lies in its aim to detect all kind of social spammers, not only the spreading-malware spammers, but also spamming in its general context, e.g. the ones spreading profanity, bulk messages and unapproved contents

Link Graph Analysis for Adult Images Classification

In order to protect an image search engine's users from undesirable results adult images' classifier should be built. The information about links from websites to images is employed to create such a classifier. These links are represented as a bipartite website-image graph. Each vertex is equipped with scores of adultness and decentness. The scores for image vertexes are initialized with zero, those for website vertexes are initialized according to a text-based website classifier. An iterative algorithm that propagates scores within a website-image graph is described. The scores obtained are used to classify images by choosing an appropriate threshold. The experiments on Internet-scale data have shown that the algorithm under consideration increases classification recall by 17% in comparison with a simple algorithm which classifies an image as adult if it is connected with at least one adult site (at the same precision level).Comment: 7 pages. Young Scientists Conference, 4th Russian Summer School in Information Retrieva

Advanced quantum based neural network classifier and its application for objectionable web content filtering

© 2013 IEEE. In this paper, an Advanced Quantum-based Neural Network Classifier (AQNN) is proposed. The proposed AQNN is used to form an objectionable Web content filtering system (OWF). The aim is to design a neural network with a few numbers of hidden layer neurons with the optimal connection weights and the threshold of neurons. The proposed algorithm uses the concept of quantum computing and genetic concept to evolve connection weights and the threshold of neurons. Quantum computing uses qubit as a probabilistic representation which is the smallest unit of information in the quantum computing concept. In this algorithm, a threshold boundary parameter is also introduced to find the optimal value of the threshold of neurons. The proposed algorithm forms neural network architecture which is used to form an objectionable Web content filtering system which detects objectionable Web request by the user. To judge the performance of the proposed AQNN, a total of 2000 (1000 objectionable + 1000 non-objectionable) Website's contents have been used. The results of AQNN are also compared with QNN-F and well-known classifiers as backpropagation, support vector machine (SVM), multilayer perceptron, decision tree algorithm, and artificial neural network. The results show that the AQNN as classifier performs better than existing classifiers. The performance of the proposed objectionable Web content filtering system (OWF) is also compared with well-known objectionable Web filtering software and existing models. It is found that the proposed OWF performs better than existing solutions in terms of filtering objectionable content

Development of automatic obscene images filtering using deep learning

Because of Internet availability in most societies, access to pornography has be-come a severe issue. On the other side, the pornography industry has grown steadily, and its websites are becoming increasingly popular by offering potential users free passes. Filtering obscene images and video frames is essential in the big data era, where all kinds of information are available for everyone. This paper proposes a fully automated method to filter any storage device from obscene vid-eos and images using deep learning algorithms. The whole recognition process can be divided into two stages, including fine detection and focus detection. The fine detection includes skin color detection with YCbCr and HSV color spaces and accurate face detection using the Adaboost algorithm with Haar-like features. Moreover, focus detection uses AlexNet transfer learning to identify the obscene images which passed stage one. Results showed the effectiveness of our pro-posed algorithm in filtering obscene images or videos. The testing accuracy achieved is 95.26% when tested with 3969 testing images