3D Data Processing Toward Maintenance and Conservation. The Integrated Digital Documentation of Casa de Vidro

During the last decade, 3D integrated surveys and BIM modelling procedures have greatly improved the overall knowledge on some Brazilian Modernist buildings. In this framework, the Casa de Vidro 3D survey carried out by DIAPReM centre at Ferrara University, beside the important outputs, analysis and researches achieved from the point cloud database processing, was also useful to test several awareness increasing activities in cooperation with local stakeholders. The first digital documentation test of the Casa de Vidro allowed verifying the feasibility of a full survey on the building towards the restoration and possible placement of new architectures into the garden as an archive-museum of the Lina Bo and P.M. Bardi Foundation. Later, full 3D integrated survey and diagnostic analysis were carried out to achieve the total digital documentation of the house sponsored by the Keeping it Modern initiative of Getty Foundation (Los Angeles). Following its characteristics, the survey had to take into consideration the different architectural features, up to the relationship of architecture and nature. These 3D documentation activities and the point cloud processing allowed several analysis in a multidisciplinary framework

Scan to BIM for 3D reconstruction of the papal basilica of saint Francis in Assisi In Italy

The historical building heritage, present in the most of Italian cities centres, is, as part of the construction sector, a working potential, but unfortunately it requires planning of more complex and problematic interventions. However, policies to support on the existing interventions, together with a growing sensitivity for the recovery of assets, determine the need to implement specific studies and to analyse the specific problems of each site. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the methodology and the results obtained from integrated laser scanning activity in order to have precious architectural information useful not only from the cultural heritage point of view but also to construct more operative and powerful tools, such as BIM (Building Information Modelling) aimed to the management of this cultural heritage. The Papal Basilica and the Sacred Convent of Saint Francis in Assisi in Italy are, in fact, characterized by unique and complex peculiarities, which require a detailed knowledge of the sites themselves to ensure visitor’s security and safety. For such a project, we have to take in account all the people and personnel normally present in the site, visitors with disabilities and finally the needs for cultural heritage preservation and protection. This aim can be reached using integrated systems and new technologies, such as Internet of Everything (IoE), capable of connecting people, things (smart sensors, devices and actuators; mobile terminals; wearable devices; etc.), data/information/knowledge and processes to reach the desired goals. The IoE system must implement and support an Integrated Multidisciplinary Model for Security and Safety Management (IMMSSM) for the specific context, using a multidisciplinary approach

A semantic-based platform for the digital analysis of architectural heritage

This essay focuses on the fields of architectural documentation and digital representation. We present a research paper concerning the development of an information system at the scale of architecture, taking into account the relationships that can be established between the representation of buildings (shape, dimension, state of conservation, hypothetical restitution) and heterogeneous information about various fields (such as the technical, the documentary or still the historical one). The proposed approach aims to organize multiple representations (and associated information) around a semantic description model with the goal of defining a system for the multi-field analysis of buildings

Romanesque and territory. The construction materials of Sardinian medieval churches: new approaches to the valorization, conservation and restoration

This paper is intended to illustrate a multidisciplinary research project devoted to the study of the constructive materials of the Romanesque churches in Sardinia during the “Giudicati” period (11th -13th centuries). The project focuses on the relationship between a selection of monuments and their territory, both from a historical-architectural perspective and from a more modern perspective addressing future restoration works. The methodologies of the traditional art-historical research (study of bibliographic, epigraphic and archival sources, formal reading of artifacts) are flanked by new technologies: digital surveys executed with a 3D laser-scanner, analyses of the materials (stones, mortars, bricks) with different instrumental methods: X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for chemical composition, X-ray diffractometer (XRD) to determine the alteration phases (e.g., soluble salts), optical microscopy and electronic (SEM) to study textures, mineral assemblages and microstructures, termogravimetric/differential scanning, calorimetric analysis (TG/DTA) for the composition of the binder mortars. This multidisciplinary approach allows the achieving of important results in an archaeometric context: 1) from a historical point of view, with the possible identification of ancient traffics, trade routes, sources of raw materials, construction phases, wall textures; 2) from a conservative point of view, by studying chemical and physical weathering processes of stone materials compatible for replacement in case of future restoration works. Sardinian Romanesque architectural heritage is particularly remarkable: about 200 churches of different types and sizes, with the almost exclusive use of cut stones. Bi- or poly-chromy, deriving from the use of different building materials, characterizes many of these monuments, becoming also a vehicle for political and cultural meanings. The paper will present some case studies aimed to illustrate the progress of the project and the results achieved

Three-dimensional reconstruction of a masonry building through electrical and seismic tomography validated by biological analyses

In this paper, we present an integrated approach, for assessing the condition of an ancient Roman building, affected by rising damp and cracking phenomena. The combination of high-resolution geophysical methods, such as seismic and electrical tomography, with biological information, allowed a more detailed evaluation of the state of conservation of the masonry building. A preliminary three-dimensional electrical survey was conducted to detect the existing building foundations and to determine the variation of the resistivity in the ground. Then, electrical and seismic tomography investigations were carried out on an inner wall of opus caementicium, subjected to rising damp effects and cracks. This approach was adopted to obtain a high-resolution image of the wall, which allowed to identify the inner mortar and the outer brick component from resistivity and velocity contrasts. Furthermore, the geophysical results revealed evidence of wall fractures (indicated by low velocity and high resistivity values) and a significant volume where rising of damp was taking place (resulting in a low resistivity zone). Biological analyses validated the geophysical model: in fact, the biological proliferation occurred up to a height of 0.75 m, where the interface between high and low resistivity values was recovered. This approach can be employed to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of masonry structures in order to plan recovery actions

PROJECT ÉVORA 3D: RESEARCH, METHODOLOGY, RECONSTRUCTION AND VISUALIZATION

The Évora 3D project was born from the collaboration between the Municipality and the University of Évora, through the two research centres of CIDEHUS1 and CHAIA2, with the objective of completing a virtual reconstruction of the city in a longtime frame. In the national and international context, the use of new technologies has led to the diversification of this type of proposal, both at the urban level and in the reconstruction of concrete spaces. The application of this same model to Évora, contemplating several chronological layers, seems to impose itself in a city that, in the medieval and modern periods, was one of the most important of the kingdom, as Court city, and that today is classified as World Heritage Site

Contribution for an urban geomorphoheritage assessment method. Proposal from three geomorphosites in Rome (Italy)

Urban geomorphology has important implications in spatial planning of human activities, and it also has a geotouristic potential due to the relationship between cultural and geomorphological heritage. Despite the introduction of the term Anthropocene to describe the deep influence that human activities have had in recent times on Earth evolution, urban geomorphological heritage studies are relatively rare and limited and urban geotourism development is recent. The analysis of the complex urban landscape often need the integration of multidisciplinary data. This study aims to propose the first urban geomorphoheritage assessment method, which originates after long-lasting previous geomorphological and geotouristic studies on Rome city centre, it depict rare examples of the geomorphological mapping of a metropolis and, at the same time, of an inventory of urban geomorphosites. The proposal is applied to geomorphosites in the Esquilino neighbourhood of Rome, whose analysis confirm the need for an ad hoc method for assessing urban geomorphosites, as already highlighted in the most recent literature on the topic. The urban geomorphoheritage assessment method is based on: (i) the urban geomorphological analysis by means of multitemporal and multidisciplinary data; (ii) the geomorphosite inventory; and (iii) the geomorphoheritage assessment and enhancement. One challenge is to assess invisible geomorphosites that are widespread in urban context. To this aim, we reworked the attributes describing the Value of a site for Geotourism in order to build up a specific methodology for the analysis of the urban geomorphological heritage

Cultural Heritage and earthquakes: a multidisciplinary approach to restoration sites

[EN] This paper looks at a multidisciplinary approach to the restoration of sites hit by earthquakes, and illustrates how an integrated approach can successfully combine technical requirements with historical and cultural ones. The methodology presented in this study concerns the “Castello di Fossa” restoration project in central Italy, which was hit by an earthquake in 2009. Cooperation between the two teams working on the project led to the development of new ideas and the definition of an innovative role for the castle within the urban and rural landscape. The project looked at how to improve energetic and structural performance through the retrofitting of the building, whilst at the same time guaranteeing the conservation of its architectural values. Lastly, the results of this joint work undertaken by archaeologists, researchers from the National Research Centre (CNR ITC, L’Aquila) and the University of L’Aquila (DICEAA) and designers, are presented as well as the coherence of the reconstruction.Thanks to the architect Roberta Boccabella, the planner of the restoration project of the Fossa castle, for having made available to the team the architectural survey and the point clouds of the survey carried out with the laser scanner.Thanks to Alessandro Giannangeli and Gabriele Petrucci of ITC-CNR for having carried out, the former the photogrammetric survey of the building and postprocessed the acquired data; and the latter for having performed, starting from the basic material, the parametric model of the castle.Thanks to Serena Calcagni, for having carried out dynamical simulations of the buildings.De Vita, M.; Trizio, I.; Savini, F.; De Berardinis, P. (2018). Cultural Heritage and earthquakes: a multidisciplinary approach to restoration sites. VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability. 3(2):79-88. doi:10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2018.10978SWORD798832Balaras C.A., Argiriou A.A. (2002) Infrared thermography for building diagnostics, Energy Build. n. 34, 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00105-0Bianchini C., Nicastro S. (2018) The definition of the Level of Reliability: a contribution to the transparency of Historical-BIM processes. Dn. Building Information Modeling. Data & Semantics n. 2, 46-60.Brumana R., Della Torre S., Oreni D., Previtali M., Cantini L., Barazzetti L., Franchi A., Banfi F. (2017) HBIM challenge among the paradigm of complexity, tools and preservation: the Basilica di Collemaggio 8 years after the earthquake (L'Aquila). International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences-ISPRS Archives 42(2W5), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-97-2017Brumana R., Della Torre S., Previtali M., Barazzetti L., Cantini L., Oreni D., Banfi F. (2018), Generative HBIM modelling to embody complexity (LOD, LOG, LOA, LOI): surveying, preservation, site intervention - the Basilica di Collemaggio (L'Aquila). Applied Geomatics July 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12518-018-0233-3Brusaporci S., Trizio I., Ruggieri G., Maiezza P., Tata A., Giannangeli A.(2018) AHBIM per l'analisi stratigrafica dell'architettura storica. Restauro Archeologico vol. 27, n. 1/2018, 112-131.Chiarizia G., Properzi P. (1995), Abruzzo dei castelli. Gli insediamenti fortificati abruzzesi dagli italici all'unità d'Italia. Carsa, Pescara.Chiarizia G., Latini M.L., Properzi P. (2002), Atlante dei castelli d'Abruzzo. Repertorio sistematico delle fortificazioni. Carsa, Pescara.Continenza R., Redi F., Savini F., Tata A., Trizio I. (2018) HBIM for the Archaeology of Standing Buildings: Case Study of the Church of San Cipriano in Castelvecchio Calvisio (L'Aquila, Italy). In: P. Fogliaroni, et al. (eds), Proceedings of Workshops and Posters at the 13th International Conference on Spatial Information Theory (COSIT 2017). Springer, Cham, 315-323. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63946-8_49De Berardinis P., Bartolomucci C., Capannolo L., De Vita M., Laurini E., Marchionni C. (2018) Instruments for assessing historical built environments in emergency contexts: non-destructive techniques for sustainable recovery. Buildings 8(2), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings8020027Della Torre S. (2017) Un bilancio del progetto BHIMM. In S Della Torre (ed.) Built heritage information modelling management/modellazione e gestione e delle informazioni per il patrimonio edilizio esistente. Sistema editoriale Ingenio, [WWW document]. URL https://www.ingenioweb.it/6974-un-bilancio-del-progetto-bhimm (accessed 13 November 2018).Garagnani S. (2015), Semantic Representation of Accurate Surveys for the Cultural Heritage: BIM Applied to the Existing Domain. In: S. Brusaporci (ed.), Handbook of Research on Emerging Digital Tools for Architectural Surveying, Modeling, and Representation, vol. I, 299-317. IGI Global, Hershey. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8379-2.ch009Italian Council of Ministers (2011) Directive 9 February 2011 of the Council of Ministers. Off. J. Ital. Repub. 47.Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (2015) Guidelines for Energy Efficiency Improvements in the Cultural Heritage. MiBACT: Rome, Italy.Lo Turco M. (2016) Minimum content of representation in BIM environment: towards a Future National Standard. In T. Empler (ed.) 3D Modeling & BIM: applications and possible future developments. DEI, Roma, 163-171.Lucchi E., Pracchi V. (2013) Efficienza energetica e patrimonio costruito: La sfida del miglioramento delle prestazioni nell'edilizia storica. Maggioli Editore, Milano.Maierhofer C., Krankenhagen R., Myrach P., Meinhardt J., Kalisch U., Hennen C., Mecke R., Seidl T., Schiller, M. (2013) Monitoring of Cracks in Historic Concrete Structures Using Optical, Thermal and Acoustical Methods, in Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management, Toniolo, L.; Boriani, M.; Guidi, G. (eds.). Springer: Switzerland, 625-632.Murphy M., McGovern E., Pavia S. (2009) Historic building information modelling (HBIM). Structural Survey vol. 27, n. 4, 311-327. https://doi.org/10.1108/02630800910985108Nicastro, S. (2016). L'applicazione del BIM come sistema informativo localizzato nel processo di conoscenza del Patrimonio Culturale. In T. Empler (Ed.), 3D Modeling & BIM: applications and possible future developments (pp. 173-183). Roma, IT: DEI.Proietti N., Capitani D., Di Tullio V., Olmi R., Priori S., Riminesi C., Sansonetti A., Tasso F., Rosina, E. (2013) MOdihMA at Sforza Castle in Milano: Innovative Techniques for MOisture Detection in Historical Masonry, in Built Heritage: Monitoring Conservation Management, Toniolo, L.; Boriani, M.; Guidi, G. (eds.). Springer: Switzerland, 1195-1202.Scandurra S., Pulcrano M., Tarantino C., Di Luggo A. (2017) H-BIM Modeling and Historical Reconstruction of Architectural Heritage. Dn n.1/2017, 6-18

Digital technologies for virtual recomposition : the case study of Serpotta stuccoes

The matter that lies beneath the smooth and shining surface of stuccoes of the Serpotta family, who used to work in Sicily from 1670 to 1730, has been thoroughly studied in previous papers, disclosing the deep, even if empirical, knowledge of materials science that guided the artists in creating their master- works. In this work the attention is focused on the solid perspective and on the scenographic sculpture by Giacomo Serpotta, who is acknowledged as the leading exponent of the School. The study deals with some particular works of the artist, the so-called "teatrini" (Toy Theater), made by him for the San Lorenzo Oratory in Palermo. On the basis of archive documents and previous analogical photogrammetric plotting, integrated with digital solutions and methodologies of computer- based technologies, the study investigates and interprets the geometric-formal genesis of the examined works of art, until the prototyping of the whole scenic apparatus.peer-reviewe