Heterogeneous component interactions: Sensors integration into multimedia applications

Resource-constrained embedded and mobile devices are becoming increasingly common. Since few years, some mobile and ubiquitous devices such as wireless sensor, able to be aware of their physical environment, appeared. Such devices enable proposing applications which adapt to user's need according the context evolution. It implies the collaboration of sensors and software components which differ on their nature and their communication mechanisms. This paper proposes a unified component model in order to easily design applications based on software components and sensors without taking care of their nature. Then it presents a state of the art of communication problems linked to heterogeneous components and proposes an interaction mechanism which ensures information exchanges between wireless sensors and software components

Residual Energy Based Cluster-head Selection in WSNs for IoT Application

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) groups specialized transducers that provide sensing services to Internet of Things (IoT) devices with limited energy and storage resources. Since replacement or recharging of batteries in sensor nodes is almost impossible, power consumption becomes one of the crucial design issues in WSN. Clustering algorithm plays an important role in power conservation for the energy constrained network. Choosing a cluster head can appropriately balance the load in the network thereby reducing energy consumption and enhancing lifetime. The paper focuses on an efficient cluster head election scheme that rotates the cluster head position among the nodes with higher energy level as compared to other. The algorithm considers initial energy, residual energy and an optimum value of cluster heads to elect the next group of cluster heads for the network that suits for IoT applications such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, and systems. Simulation analysis shows the modified version performs better than the LEACH protocol by enhancing the throughput by 60%, lifetime by 66%, and residual energy by 64%

EMID: Maximizing Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networkby Using Energy Efficient Middleware Service

This paper introduces the processing of raw data from sensor nodes located at different places within the vicinity of header node. The middleware service of header node evaluates the assignment and requirement of each node that comes under its vicinity. Based on header node instructions each sensor node is in one of two modes: Active mode or Sleep mode. We have developed a software program to compute the essence of each node based on the raw information provided by each sensor node. If raw data of current sensor node is static at certain time interval or if the raw data of current sensor node is equal to the raw data of other sensor node, then the current node will be treated as qualified node to go to sleep for the time period of maxSleepTime. The proposed algorithm is well suited for military application or monitoring unmanned area

Loupe: Verifying Publish-Subscribe Architectures with a Magnifying Lens

CONE

A Component-based Approach for Service Distribution in Sensor Networks

ABSTRACT The increasing number of distributed applications over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) in ubiquitous environments raises the need for high-level mechanisms to distribute sensor services and integrate them in modern IT systems. Existing work in this area mostly focuses on low-level networking issues, and fails to provide high-level and off-the-shelf programming abstractions for this purpose. In this paper, we therefore consider WSN programming models and service distribution as two interrelated factors and we present a new component-based abstraction for integrating WSNs within existing IT systems. Our approach emphasizes on reifying distribution strategies at the software architecture level, thus allowing remote invocation of component services, and facilitating interoperability of sensor services with the Internet through Web service-enabled components. The latter is efficiently provided by incorporating the REST architectural style-emphasizing on abstraction of high-level services as resources-to our component-based framework. The preliminary evaluation results show that the proposed framework has an acceptable memory overhead on a TelosB sensor platform

Domain-protocol mapping based middleware for distributed application development, A

2014 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.Distributed systems such as Internet of Things, Sensor Networks and Networked Control Systems are being used in various application domains, including industrial, environmental, medical and energy management domains. A distributed application in these domains may need to access data from different devices, where they may all be of the same type or a combination of different types. In addition, these devices may communicate through standardized protocols or proprietary interfaces. The development of such a distributed application may also require a team of developers with expertise in different disciplines. Therefore, the application development that involves heterogeneous devices and multidisciplinary teams can be made more effective by introducing an interface layer that shields developers from aspects of software and hardware heterogeneity. This work proposes a 'domain-protocol mapping' technique that is implemented as a middleware framework. The proposed mapping method maps the application data schema represented as object-oriented domain object to the appropriate communication protocol packet data and also updates the domain object from the response packet data. The middleware provides APIs for the domain experts to read the data from the device or to write the data to the device. The marshalling and unmarshalling process of the domain objects are hidden from the domain expert who may or may not be a software engineer. The use of the developed middleware is illustrated in two case-studies, one involving a simulation of distributed network controls for power system and the other involving integration of different types of power meters in power monitoring application

Sistemas embebidos y en red para el control de sistemas físicos. Estudio de redes inalámbricas de sensores.

En este informe se presenta un estudio sobre los sistemas embebidos y en red para sistemas físicos, a través de la revisión de la literatura disponible, específicamente enfocado en las redes de sensores inalámbricas. Se trata de dispositivos (hardware) que interactúan con el entorno y que se comunican a través de una tecnología de red inalámbrica, y cuyo objetivo es la toma de decisión y realización de una acción inteligente coordinada. Del estudio se concluye que en el campo de las plataformas hardware hay se requiere continuar los esfuerzos hacia la miniaturización. Cuanto más pequeño sea el dispositivo, más posibilidades tendrá de ser integrado en diversos entornos. El éxito de las redes de sensores va a depender en gran medida de esta capacidad. Los desarrollos software analizados intentan ofrecer un entorno que facilite el desarrollo de aplicaciones en las redes de sensores. Se ha revisado el estándar ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 y la literatura reciente en este tema, resumiendo las soluciones adoptadas en el estándar y las nuevas propuestas surgidas en los últimos años. Los problemas energéticos todavía no han sido solucionados, hace falta una mayor autonomía energética de los nodos. Además, las redes inalámbricas se consideran aún una opción arriesgada para el control de procesos, debido a la que su fiabilidad no ha sido completamente demostrada

The design and implementation of fuzzy query processing on sensor networks

Sensor nodes and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) enable observation of the physical world in unprecedented levels of granularity. A growing number of environmental monitoring applications are being designed to leverage data collection features of WSN, increasing the need for efficient data management techniques and for comparative analysis of various data management techniques. My research leverages aspects of fuzzy database, specifically fuzzy data representation and fuzzy or flexible queries to improve upon the efficiency of existing data management techniques by exploiting the inherent uncertainty of the data collected by WSN. Herein I present my research contributions. I provide classification of WSN middleware to illustrate varying approaches to data management for WSN and identify a need to better handle the uncertainty inherent in data collected from physical environments and to take advantage of the imprecision of the data to increase the efficiency of WSN by requiring less information be transmitted to adequately answer queries posed by WSN monitoring applications. In this dissertation, I present a novel approach to querying WSN, in which semantic knowledge about sensor attributes is represented as fuzzy terms. I present an enhanced simulation environment that supports more flexible and realistic analysis by using cellular automata models to separately model the deployed WSN and the underlying physical environment. Simulation experiments are used to evaluate my fuzzy query approach for environmental monitoring applications. My analysis shows that using fuzzy queries improves upon other data management techniques by reducing the amount of data that needs to be collected to accurately satisfy application requests. This reduction in data transmission results in increased battery life within sensors, an important measure of cost and performance for WSN applications