10 research outputs found

    Modeling Semi-Bounded Support Data using Non-Gaussian Hidden Markov Models with Applications

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    With the exponential growth of data in all formats, and data categorization rapidly becoming one of the most essential components of data analysis, it is crucial to research and identify hidden patterns in order to extract valuable information that promotes accurate and solid decision making. Because data modeling is the first stage in accomplishing any of these tasks, its accuracy and consistency are critical for later development of a complete data processing framework. Furthermore, an appropriate distribution selection that corresponds to the nature of the data is a particularly interesting subject of research. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are some of the most impressively powerful probabilistic models, which have recently made a big resurgence in the machine learning industry, despite having been recognized for decades. Their ever-increasing application in a variety of critical practical settings to model varied and heterogeneous data (image, video, audio, time series, etc.) is the subject of countless extensions. Equally prevalent, finite mixture models are a potent tool for modeling heterogeneous data of various natures. The over-use of Gaussian mixture models for data modeling in the literature is one of the main driving forces for this thesis. This work focuses on modeling positive vectors, which naturally occur in a variety of real-life applications, by proposing novel HMMs extensions using the Inverted Dirichlet, the Generalized Inverted Dirichlet and the BetaLiouville mixture models as emission probabilities. These extensions are motivated by the proven capacity of these mixtures to deal with positive vectors and overcome mixture models’ impotence to account for any ordering or temporal limitations relative to the information. We utilize the aforementioned distributions to derive several theoretical approaches for learning and deploying Hidden Markov Modelsinreal-world settings. Further, we study online learning of parameters and explore the integration of a feature selection methodology. Extensive experimentation on highly challenging applications ranging from image categorization, video categorization, indoor occupancy estimation and Natural Language Processing, reveals scenarios in which such models are appropriate to apply, and proves their effectiveness compared to the extensively used Gaussian-based models

    SIS 2017. Statistics and Data Science: new challenges, new generations

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    The 2017 SIS Conference aims to highlight the crucial role of the Statistics in Data Science. In this new domain of ‘meaning’ extracted from the data, the increasing amount of produced and available data in databases, nowadays, has brought new challenges. That involves different fields of statistics, machine learning, information and computer science, optimization, pattern recognition. These afford together a considerable contribute in the analysis of ‘Big data’, open data, relational and complex data, structured and no-structured. The interest is to collect the contributes which provide from the different domains of Statistics, in the high dimensional data quality validation, sampling extraction, dimensional reduction, pattern selection, data modelling, testing hypotheses and confirming conclusions drawn from the data

    Livro de Atas do III Encontro Luso-Galaico de Biometria

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    A cidade de Aveiro foi escolhida, pelas Sociedade Portuguesa de EstatĂ­stica (SPE) e Sociedade Galega para a PromociĂłn da EstatĂ­stica e InvestigaciĂłn de OperaciĂłns (SGAPEIO), para acolher o III Encontro Luso-Galaico de Biometria (EBio2018). Neste terceiro encontro sobre Biometria, realizado no Departamento de MatemĂĄtica da Universidade de Aveiro, de 28 a 30 de junho de 2018, reunimos cerca de 100 participantes que desenvolvem e/ou aplicam metodologias estatĂ­sticas a dados das ciĂȘncias da vida e do meio ambiente. Com o objetivo de criar sinergias entre diferentes ĂĄreas de aplicação e discutir os mais recentes desenvolvimentos metodolĂłgicos em Biometria, este encontro encoraja futuras colaboraçÔes e discussĂŁo entre os participantes. (...

    Personalized information retrieval based on time-sensitive user profile

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    Les moteurs de recherche, largement utilisĂ©s dans diffĂ©rents domaines, sont devenus la principale source d'information pour de nombreux utilisateurs. Cependant, les SystĂšmes de Recherche d'Information (SRI) font face Ă  de nouveaux dĂ©fis liĂ©s Ă  la croissance et Ă  la diversitĂ© des donnĂ©es disponibles. Un SRI analyse la requĂȘte soumise par l'utilisateur et explore des collections de donnĂ©es de nature non structurĂ©e ou semi-structurĂ©e (par exemple : texte, image, vidĂ©o, page Web, etc.) afin de fournir des rĂ©sultats qui correspondent le mieux Ă  son intention et ses intĂ©rĂȘts. Afin d'atteindre cet objectif, au lieu de prendre en considĂ©ration l'appariement requĂȘte-document uniquement, les SRI s'intĂ©ressent aussi au contexte de l'utilisateur. En effet, le profil utilisateur a Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ© dans la littĂ©rature comme l'Ă©lĂ©ment contextuel le plus important permettant d'amĂ©liorer la pertinence de la recherche. Il est intĂ©grĂ© dans le processus de recherche d'information afin d'amĂ©liorer l'expĂ©rience utilisateur en recherchant des informations spĂ©cifiques. Comme le facteur temps a gagnĂ© beaucoup d'importance ces derniĂšres annĂ©es, la dynamique temporelle est introduite pour Ă©tudier l'Ă©volution du profil utilisateur qui consiste principalement Ă  saisir les changements du comportement, des intĂ©rĂȘts et des prĂ©fĂ©rences de l'utilisateur en fonction du temps et Ă  actualiser le profil en consĂ©quence. Les travaux antĂ©rieurs ont distinguĂ© deux types de profils utilisateurs : les profils Ă  court-terme et ceux Ă  long-terme. Le premier type de profil est limitĂ© aux intĂ©rĂȘts liĂ©s aux activitĂ©s actuelles de l'utilisateur tandis que le second reprĂ©sente les intĂ©rĂȘts persistants de l'utilisateur extraits de ses activitĂ©s antĂ©rieures tout en excluant les intĂ©rĂȘts rĂ©cents. Toutefois, pour les utilisateurs qui ne sont pas trĂšs actifs dont les activitĂ©s sont peu nombreuses et sĂ©parĂ©es dans le temps, le profil Ă  court-terme peut Ă©liminer des rĂ©sultats pertinents qui sont davantage liĂ©s Ă  leurs intĂ©rĂȘts personnels. Pour les utilisateurs qui sont trĂšs actifs, l'agrĂ©gation des activitĂ©s rĂ©centes sans ignorer les intĂ©rĂȘts anciens serait trĂšs intĂ©ressante parce que ce type de profil est gĂ©nĂ©ralement en Ă©volution au fil du temps. Contrairement Ă  ces approches, nous proposons, dans cette thĂšse, un profil utilisateur gĂ©nĂ©rique et sensible au temps qui est implicitement construit comme un vecteur de termes pondĂ©rĂ©s afin de trouver un compromis en unifiant les intĂ©rĂȘts rĂ©cents et anciens. Les informations du profil utilisateur peuvent ĂȘtre extraites Ă  partir de sources multiples. Parmi les mĂ©thodes les plus prometteuses, nous proposons d'utiliser, d'une part, l'historique de recherche, et d'autre part les mĂ©dias sociaux. En effet, les donnĂ©es de l'historique de recherche peuvent ĂȘtre extraites implicitement sans aucun effort de l'utilisateur et comprennent les requĂȘtes Ă©mises, les rĂ©sultats correspondants, les requĂȘtes reformulĂ©es et les donnĂ©es de clics qui ont un potentiel de retour de pertinence/rĂ©troaction. Par ailleurs, la popularitĂ© des mĂ©dias sociaux permet d'en faire une source inestimable de donnĂ©es utilisĂ©es par les utilisateurs pour exprimer, partager et marquer comme favori le contenu qui les intĂ©resse. En premier lieu, nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© le profil utilisateur utilisateur non seulement en fonction du contenu de ses activitĂ©s mais aussi de leur fraĂźcheur en supposant que les termes utilisĂ©s rĂ©cemment dans les activitĂ©s de l'utilisateur contiennent de nouveaux intĂ©rĂȘts, prĂ©fĂ©rences et pensĂ©es et doivent ĂȘtre pris en considĂ©ration plus que les anciens intĂ©rĂȘts surtout que de nombreux travaux antĂ©rieurs ont prouvĂ© que l'intĂ©rĂȘt de l'utilisateur diminue avec le temps. Nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© le profil utilisateur sensible au temps en fonction d'un ensemble de donnĂ©es collectĂ©es de Twitter (un rĂ©seau social et un service de microblogging) et nous l'avons intĂ©grĂ© dans le processus de reclassement afin de personnaliser les rĂ©sultats standards en fonction des intĂ©rĂȘts de l'utilisateur.En second lieu, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© la dynamique temporelle dans le cadre de la session de recherche oĂč les requĂȘtes rĂ©centes soumises par l'utilisateur contiennent des informations supplĂ©mentaires permettant de mieux expliquer l'intention de l'utilisateur et prouvant qu'il n'a pas trouvĂ© les informations recherchĂ©es Ă  partir des requĂȘtes prĂ©cĂ©dentes.Ainsi, nous avons considĂ©rĂ© les interactions rĂ©centes et rĂ©currentes au sein d'une session de recherche en donnant plus d'importance aux termes apparus dans les requĂȘtes rĂ©centes et leurs rĂ©sultats cliquĂ©s. Nos expĂ©rimentations sont basĂ©s sur la tĂąche Session TREC 2013 et la collection ClueWeb12 qui ont montrĂ© l'efficacitĂ© de notre approche par rapport Ă  celles de l'Ă©tat de l'art. Au terme de ces diffĂ©rentes contributions et expĂ©rimentations, nous prouvons que notre modĂšle gĂ©nĂ©rique de profil utilisateur sensible au temps assure une meilleure performance de personnalisation et aide Ă  analyser le comportement des utilisateurs dans les contextes de session de recherche et de mĂ©dias sociaux.Recently, search engines have become the main source of information for many users and have been widely used in different fields. However, Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) face new challenges due to the growth and diversity of available data. An IRS analyses the query submitted by the user and explores collections of data with unstructured or semi-structured nature (e.g. text, image, video, Web page etc.) in order to deliver items that best match his/her intent and interests. In order to achieve this goal, we have moved from considering the query-document matching to consider the user context. In fact, the user profile has been considered, in the literature, as the most important contextual element which can improve the accuracy of the search. It is integrated in the process of information retrieval in order to improve the user experience while searching for specific information. As time factor has gained increasing importance in recent years, the temporal dynamics are introduced to study the user profile evolution that consists mainly in capturing the changes of the user behavior, interests and preferences, and updating the profile accordingly. Prior work used to discern short-term and long-term profiles. The first profile type is limited to interests related to the user's current activities while the second one represents user's persisting interests extracted from his prior activities excluding the current ones. However, for users who are not very active, the short-term profile can eliminate relevant results which are more related to their personal interests. This is because their activities are few and separated over time. For users who are very active, the aggregation of recent activities without ignoring the old interests would be very interesting because this kind of profile is usually changing over time. Unlike those approaches, we propose, in this thesis, a generic time-sensitive user profile that is implicitly constructed as a vector of weighted terms in order to find a trade-off by unifying both current and recurrent interests. User profile information can be extracted from multiple sources. Among the most promising ones, we propose to use, on the one hand, searching history. Data from searching history can be extracted implicitly without any effort from the user and includes issued queries, their corresponding results, reformulated queries and click-through data that has relevance feedback potential. On the other hand, the popularity of Social Media makes it as an invaluable source of data used by users to express, share and mark as favorite the content that interests them. First, we modeled a user profile not only according to the content of his activities but also to their freshness under the assumption that terms used recently in the user's activities contain new interests, preferences and thoughts and should be considered more than old interests. In fact, many prior works have proved that the user interest is decreasing as time goes by. In order to evaluate the time-sensitive user profile, we used a set of data collected from Twitter, i.e a social networking and microblogging service. Then, we apply our re-ranking process to a Web search system in order to adapt the user's online interests to the original retrieved results. Second, we studied the temporal dynamics within session search where recent submitted queries contain additional information explaining better the user intent and prove that the user hasn't found the information sought from previous submitted ones. We integrated current and recurrent interactions within a unique session model giving more importance to terms appeared in recently submitted queries and clicked results. We conducted experiments using the 2013 TREC Session track and the ClueWeb12 collection that showed the effectiveness of our approach compared to state-of-the-art ones. Overall, in those different contributions and experiments, we prove that our time-sensitive user profile insures better performance of personalization and helps to analyze user behavior in both session search and social media contexts

    Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Conference

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    Statistics in the 150 years from Italian Unification. SIS 2011 Statistical Conference, Bologna, 8 – 10 June 2011. Book of short paper.

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    Statistics in the 150 years from Italian Unification. SIS 2011 Statistical Conference, Bologna, 8 – 10 June 2011. Book of short paper.

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