160 research outputs found
Anisotropic Diffusion Filter with Memory based on Speckle Statistics for Ultrasound Images
Ultrasound imaging exhibits considerable difficulties for medical visual inspection and for the development of automatic
analysis methods due to speckle, which negatively affects the perception of tissue boundaries and the performance of automatic
segmentation methods. With the aim of alleviating the effect of speckle, many filtering techniques are usually considered as a
preprocessing step prior to automatic analysis methods or visual inspection. Most of the state-of-the-art filters try to reduce the
speckle effect without considering its relevance for the characterization of tissue nature. However, the speckle phenomenon is the
inherent response of echo signals in tissues and can provide important features for clinical purposes. This loss of information
is even magnified due to the iterative process of some speckle filters, e.g., diffusion filters, which tend to produce over-filtering
because of the progressive loss of relevant information for diagnostic purposes during the diffusion process. In this work, we
propose an anisotropic diffusion filter with a probabilistic-driven memory mechanism to overcome the over-filtering problem by
following a tissue selective philosophy. Specifically, we formulate the memory mechanism as a delay differential equation for
the diffusion tensor whose behavior depends on the statistics of the tissues, by accelerating the diffusion process in meaningless
regions and including the memory effect in regions where relevant details should be preserved. Results both in synthetic and real
US images support the inclusion of the probabilistic memory mechanism for maintaining clinical relevant structures, which are
removed by the state-of-the-art filters
Speckle ultrasound image filtering: Performance analysis and comparison
This paper compiles and compares well-known techniques mostly used in the smoothing or suppression of speckle noise in ultrasound images. A comparison of the methods studied is done based on an experiment, using quality metrics, texture analysisand interpretation of row profiles to evaluate their performance and show the benefits each one can contribute to denoising and feature preservation. To test the methods, a noise-free image of a kidney is used and then the Field II program simulates a B-mode ultrasound image. This way, the smoothing techniques can be compared using numeric metrics, taking the noise-free image as a reference. In this study, a total of seventeen different speckle reduction algorithms have been documented based on spatial filtering, diffusion filtering and wavelet filtering, with fifteen qualitative metrics estimation. We use the tendencies observed in our study in real images. This work was carried out in collaboration with S. Teotonio—Viseu (Portugal) Hospital. A new evaluation metric is proposed to evaluate the despeckling results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Performance analysis of speckle ultrasound image filtering
Over the last three decades, several despeckling filters have been developed by researchers to reduce the speckle noise inherently present in ultrasound B-scan images without losing the diagnostic information. This paper compiles and compares well-known techniques mostly used in the smoothing or suppression of speckle noise in ultrasound images. A comparison of the methods studied is done based on an experiment, using quality metrics, texture analysis and interpretation of profiles to evaluate their performance and show the benefits each one can contribute to denoising and feature preservation. To test the methods, a noise-free image of a kidney is used and then the Field II program simulates a B-mode ultrasound image. By this way, the smoothing techniques can be compared using numeric metrics, taking the noise-free image as a reference. In this study, a total of 17 different speckle reduction algorithms have been documented based on spatial filtering, diffusion filtering and wavelet filtering, with 15 qualitative metrics estimation. We use the tendencies observed in our study in real images. A new evaluation metric is proposed to evaluate the despeckling results.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Echocardiography
The book "Echocardiography - New Techniques" brings worldwide contributions from highly acclaimed clinical and imaging science investigators, and representatives from academic medical centers. Each chapter is designed and written to be accessible to those with a basic knowledge of echocardiography. Additionally, the chapters are meant to be stimulating and educational to the experts and investigators in the field of echocardiography. This book is aimed primarily at cardiology fellows on their basic echocardiography rotation, fellows in general internal medicine, radiology and emergency medicine, and experts in the arena of echocardiography. Over the last few decades, the rate of technological advancements has developed dramatically, resulting in new techniques and improved echocardiographic imaging. The authors of this book focused on presenting the most advanced techniques useful in today's research and in daily clinical practice. These advanced techniques are utilized in the detection of different cardiac pathologies in patients, in contributing to their clinical decision, as well as follow-up and outcome predictions. In addition to the advanced techniques covered, this book expounds upon several special pathologies with respect to the functions of echocardiography
Fuzzy genetic-based noise removal filter for digital panoramic X-ray images
This paper proposed a novel fuzzy genetic-based noise removal filter and surveyed the gain of popular filters for noise removal in the digital orthopantomography (OPG) images. The proposed filter is a non-invasive technique for attaining sub-clinical information from the areas of interest in each tooth, both jaws and maxillofacial. The proposed Poisson removal filter combines 4th-order partial differential equations (PDE), total variation (TV) and Bayes shrink threshold accompanied by fuzzy genetic algorithm (FGA) and the exact unbiased inverse of generalized Anscombe transformation (EUIGAT). Experiments were performed in order to show the effect of noise removal filters on 110 simulated, 106 phantom and 104 panoramic radiographic images for subjects (aged 30�60 years old, 50 males and 54 females). Various noises degraded filters and Canny edge detection was performed separately in three kinds of images. The program measured mean square error (MSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), image quality index (IQI), structural similarity index metric (SSIM) and figure of merit (FOM). The results verify that the proposed filter enhances physicians� and dentists� skill of diagnosing normal and pathological events in the teeth, jaws, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) regions and changeable anatomical panoramic landmarks related to osteoporosis progress in the mandible bone using noise removal and improving images quality. Experimental results show the superiority of this filter over other noise removal filters. © 2018 The Author
Computer-Assisted Algorithms for Ultrasound Imaging Systems
Ultrasound imaging works on the principle of transmitting ultrasound waves into the body and
reconstructs the images of internal organs based on the strength of the echoes. Ultrasound imaging
is considered to be safer, economical and can image the organs in real-time, which makes it widely
used diagnostic imaging modality in health-care. Ultrasound imaging covers the broad spectrum
of medical diagnostics; these include diagnosis of kidney, liver, pancreas, fetal monitoring, etc.
Currently, the diagnosis through ultrasound scanning is clinic-centered, and the patients who are
in need of ultrasound scanning has to visit the hospitals for getting the diagnosis. The services of
an ultrasound system are constrained to hospitals and did not translate to its potential in remote
health-care and point-of-care diagnostics due to its high form factor, shortage of sonographers, low
signal to noise ratio, high diagnostic subjectivity, etc. In this thesis, we address these issues with an
objective of making ultrasound imaging more reliable to use in point-of-care and remote health-care
applications. To achieve the goal, we propose (i) computer-assisted algorithms to improve diagnostic
accuracy and assist semi-skilled persons in scanning, (ii) speckle suppression algorithms to improve
the diagnostic quality of ultrasound image, (iii) a reliable telesonography framework to address
the shortage of sonographers, and (iv) a programmable portable ultrasound scanner to operate in
point-of-care and remote health-care applications
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