19,697 research outputs found
A Three-Dimensional Angular Scattering Response Including Path Powers
In this paper the angular power spectrum exhibited under a three-dimensional (3-D) Gaussian scatter distribution at fixed observation points in space is investigated. Typically, these correspond to the mobile and base units respectively. Unlike other spatial channel models, the derived model accounts for the distance to each scatterer from the observation point and transforms distances into power values under the assumption of free-space propagation. The proposed 3-D spatial channel model follows a non-central approach in terms of the scatter distribution in space, which means that the angular power field at the base unit need not be due to a scatter distribution centered exactly at the mobile. Derivations are provided for the angular and power domains and as shown by conditioning the distance, the angular field reduces to the von-Mises Fisher distribution. Most importantly, this work undertakes the problem of a Gaussian angular power spectrum observed in radio propagation channel measurements and provides a formal theoretical framework of the experimental investigations found in literature. The proposed model denotes that a Gaussian scatterer distribution in space gives rise to a Gaussian angular power spectrum and a Gaussian angular power density in the azimuth and elevations fields. The proposed 3-D spatial channel model might be used for evaluating the performance of current and future multi-element wireless communication networks
Coherent Matter Wave Transport in Speckle Potentials
This article studies multiple scattering of matter waves by a disordered
optical potential in two and in three dimensions. We calculate fundamental
transport quantities such as the scattering mean free path , the
Boltzmann transport mean free path \elltrb, and the Boltzmann diffusion
constant , using a diagrammatic Green functions approach. Coherent
multiple scattering induces interference corrections known as weak localization
which entail a reduced diffusion constant. We derive the corresponding
expressions for matter wave transport in an correlated speckle potential and
provide the relevant parameter values for a possible experimental study of this
coherent transport regime, including the critical crossover to the regime of
strong or Anderson localization.Comment: 33 pages, minor corrections, published versio
Superconducting fluctuation corrections to ultrasound attenuation in layered superconductors
We consider the temperature dependence of the sound attenuation and sound
velocity in layered impure metals due to superconducting fluctuations of the
order parameter above the critical temperature. We obtain the dependence on
material properties of these fluctuation corrections in the hydrodynamic limit,
where the electron mean free path is much smaller than the wavelength of sound
and where the electron collision rate is much larger than the sound frequency.
For longitudinal sound propagating perpendicular to the layers, the open Fermi
surface condition leads to a suppression of the divergent contributions to
leading order, in contrast with the case of paraconductivity. The leading
temperature dependent corrections, given by the Aslamazov-Larkin, Maki-Thompson
and density of states terms, remain finite as T->Tc. Nevertheless, the
sensitivity of new ultrasonic experiments on layered organic conductors should
make these fluctuations effects measurable.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for PRB. Added discussion on incoherent
interlayer tunneling and other small modifications suggested by referee
Bogoliubov Excitations of Disordered Bose-Einstein Condensates
We describe repulsively interacting Bose-Einstein condensates in spatially
correlated disorder potentials of arbitrary dimension. The first effect of
disorder is to deform the mean-field condensate. Secondly, the quantum
excitation spectrum and condensate population are affected. By a saddle-point
expansion of the many-body Hamiltonian around the deformed mean-field ground
state, we derive the fundamental quadratic Hamiltonian of quantum fluctuations.
Importantly, a basis is used such that excitations are orthogonal to the
deformed condensate. Via Bogoliubov-Nambu perturbation theory, we compute the
effective excitation dispersion, including mean free paths and localization
lengths. Corrections to the speed of sound and average density of states are
calculated, due to correlated disorder in arbitrary dimensions, extending to
the case of weak lattice potentials.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figure
Realignment-enhanced coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and three-dimensional imaging in anisotropic fluids
We apply coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy to
characterize director structures in liquid crystals.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure
Optical vortex trap for resonant confinement of metal nanoparticles
The confinement and controlled movement of metal nanoparticles and nanorods is an emergent area within optical micromanipulation. In this letter we experimentally realise a novel trapping geometry near the plasmon resonance using an annular light field possessing a helical phasefront that confines the nanoparticle to the vortex core (dark) region. We interpret our data with a theoretical framework based upon the Maxwell stress tensor formulation to elucidate the total forces upon nanometric particles near the particle plasmon resonance. Rotation of the particle due to orbital angular momentum transfer is observed. This geometry may have several advantages for advanced manipulation of metal nanoparticles
Recommended from our members
Validation and clinical implementation of an accurate Monte Carlo code for pencil beam scanning proton therapy.
Monte Carlo (MC)-based dose calculations are generally superior to analytical dose calculations (ADC) in modeling the dose distribution for proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) treatments. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for commissioning and validating an accurate MC code for PBS utilizing a parameterized source model, including an implementation of a range shifter, that can independently check the ADC in commercial treatment planning system (TPS) and fast Monte Carlo dose calculation in opensource platform (MCsquare). The source model parameters (including beam size, angular divergence and energy spread) and protons per MU were extracted and tuned at the nozzle exit by comparing Tool for Particle Simulation (TOPAS) simulations with a series of commissioning measurements using scintillation screen/CCD camera detector and ionization chambers. The range shifter was simulated as an independent object with geometric and material information. The MC calculation platform was validated through comprehensive measurements of single spots, field size factors (FSF) and three-dimensional dose distributions of spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs), both without and with the range shifter. Differences in field size factors and absolute output at various depths of SOBPs between measurement and simulation were within 2.2%, with and without a range shifter, indicating an accurate source model. TOPAS was also validated against anthropomorphic lung phantom measurements. Comparison of dose distributions and DVHs for representative liver and lung cases between independent MC and analytical dose calculations from a commercial TPS further highlights the limitations of the ADC in situations of highly heterogeneous geometries. The fast MC platform has been implemented within our clinical practice to provide additional independent dose validation/QA of the commercial ADC for patient plans. Using the independent MC, we can more efficiently commission ADC by reducing the amount of measured data required for low dose "halo" modeling, especially when a range shifter is employed
- …