Task‐specific measurement uncertainty budget of Curvic‐coupling using analytical methods

A number of Industrial reference components manufactured by grinding to achieve tight dimensional tolerances. In this paper, we present an uncertainty budget of a reference forty-tooth #Curvic measured using an accurate Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) in a temperature-controlled laboratory. A number of measurements conducted on Curvicto assess measurement repeatability and reproducibility. Expanded uncertainty budget evaluated from twenty-one Influencing factors, giving8.7 µm (7.1 µm from Type A) and 11 µm (9.6 µm from Type A), respectively, for repeatability and reproducibility test (k >2). Measurement uncertainty due to steady-state thermal effects is 2.2 µm. An adaptable model is presented to evaluate transient thermal effects, a factor often neglected in measurement uncertainty. Thermal time constant uncertainty associated with transient thermal effects is evaluated u(τ)= ±398 s, which corresponds to ±15 % of thermal time constant expanded uncertainty, u(τ)= ±2570 s. #Curvic® (Curvic is a trademark of The Gleason Works, 1000 University Avenue, Rochester, NY, 14603, USA

A Formal Approach based on Fuzzy Logic for the Specification of Component-Based Interactive Systems

Formal methods are widely recognized as a powerful engineering method for the specification, simulation, development, and verification of distributed interactive systems. However, most formal methods rely on a two-valued logic, and are therefore limited to the axioms of that logic: a specification is valid or invalid, component behavior is realizable or not, safety properties hold or are violated, systems are available or unavailable. Especially when the problem domain entails uncertainty, impreciseness, and vagueness, the appliance of such methods becomes a challenging task. In order to overcome the limitations resulting from the strict modus operandi of formal methods, the main objective of this work is to relax the boolean notion of formal specifications by using fuzzy logic. The present approach is based on Focus theory, a model-based and strictly formal method for componentbased interactive systems. The contribution of this work is twofold: i) we introduce a specification technique based on fuzzy logic which can be used on top of Focus to develop formal specifications in a qualitative fashion; ii) we partially extend Focus theory to a fuzzy one which allows the specification of fuzzy components and fuzzy interactions. While the former provides a methodology for approximating I/O behaviors under imprecision, the latter enables to capture a more quantitative view of specification properties such as realizability.Comment: In Proceedings FESCA 2015, arXiv:1503.0437

Specifications, quality control, manufacturing, and testing of accelerator magnets

The performance of the magnets plays an important role in the functioning of an accelerator. Most of the magnets are designed at the accelerator laboratory and built by industry. The link between the laboratory and the manufacturer is the contract containing the Technical Specifications of the magnets. For an overview of the contents of the Technical Specifications, the specifications for the magnets of ALBA (bending, quadrupole, and sextupole) are described in this paper. The basic rules of magnet design are reviewed in Appendix A.Comment: 41 pages, presented at the CERN Accelerator School CAS 2009: Specialised Course on Magnets, Bruges, 16-25 June 200

Geometrical Product Specification and Verification as toolbox to meet up-to-date technical requirements

The ISO standards for the Geometrical Product Specification and Verification (GPS) define an internationally uniform description language, that allows expressing unambiguously and completely all requirements for the geometry of a product with the corresponding requirements for the inspection process in technical drawings, taking into account current possibilities of measurement and testing technology. The practice shows that the university curricula of the mechanical engineering faculties often include only limited classes on the GPS, mostly as part of curriculum of subjects like Metrology or Fundamentals of Machine Design. This does not allow students to gain enough knowledge on the subject. Currently there is no coherent EU-wide provision for vocational training (VET) in this area. Consortium, members of which are the authors of this paper, is preparing a proposal of an EU project aiming to develop appropriate course

Study to develop process controls for line certification on hybrid microcircuits Final report, Nov. 1970 - Feb. 1971

Basic process steps for fabrication of thick or thin film microcircuits for NASA us

An ANOVA method of evaluating the specification uncertainty in roughness measurement

The specifications of roughness used in industry are normally incomplete, and the incompleteness can induce a significant uncertainty, called specification uncertainty. It’s important to know the magnitude and effect of this uncertainty, but there are yet no standard methods of evaluating the specification uncertainty. In this paper, we propose an ANOVA method to estimate the specification uncertainty. In this method, ANOVA is used to separate specification uncertainty from measurement uncertainty, and the sampling method of GR&R (gauge repeatability and reproducibility) is applied. A case study is given to demonstrate how to use this method to evaluate the specification uncertainty of measuring roughness with PGI (Phase Grating Interferometer) when the filter type is not specified

A methodical approach to performance measurement experiments : measure and measurement specification

This report describes a methodical approach to performance measurement experiments. This approach gives a blueprint for the whole trajectory from the notion of performance measures and how to define them via planning, instrumentation and execution of the experiments to interpretation of the results. The first stage of the approach, Measurement Initialisation, has been worked out completely. It is shown that a well-defined system description allows a procedural approach to defining performance measures and to identifying parameters that might affect it. For the second stage of the approach, Measurement Planning, concepts are defined that enable a clear experiment description or specification. It is highlighted what actually is being measured when executing an experiment. A brief example that illustrates the value of the method and a comparison with an existing method - that of Jain - complete this report

Early Quantitative Assessment of Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements (NFRs) of software systems are a well known source of uncertainty in effort estimation. Yet, quantitatively approaching NFR early in a project is hard. This paper makes a step towards reducing the impact of uncertainty due to NRF. It offers a solution that incorporates NFRs into the functional size quantification process. The merits of our solution are twofold: first, it lets us quantitatively assess the NFR modeling process early in the project, and second, it lets us generate test cases for NFR verification purposes. We chose the NFR framework as a vehicle to integrate NFRs into the requirements modeling process and to apply quantitative assessment procedures. Our solution proposal also rests on the functional size measurement method, COSMIC-FFP, adopted in 2003 as the ISO/IEC 19761 standard. We extend its use for NFR testing purposes, which is an essential step for improving NFR development and testing effort estimates, and consequently for managing the scope of NFRs. We discuss the advantages of our approach and the open questions related to its design as well