FROM KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT THEORIES TO PRACTICE IN PUBLIC ORGANISATIONS: TOWARDS A TRANSDISCIPLINARY APPROACH (THEORETICAL BACKGROUND)

Scientists and practitioners have developed and continue to refine methodologies of knowledge management with the aim to implement it into practice of public organisations. In recent studies, there has been an emphasis on the development of what can be considered a transdisciplinary approach in knowledge production and usage, where knowledge management, its theories, principles and practices are advanced. The aim of this study is to review the conceptual foundations of knowledge and knowledge management by advancing the conception of knowledge management in the context of transdisciplinary approach. The authors give an overview of the forms, levels and categories of knowledge. The increasing emphasis placed on knowledge in an organisational context has given rise to a new manifestation of capital which occurs as human or structural intellectual capital. By analysing theories on the essence of knowledge management, the viewpoint formed that knowledge management within an organisation should be viewed through the transdisciplinary approach, namely, production of knowledge that rises above disciplines should be done by collaboration of both academic and nonacademic representatives, who offer a new compass and map for complex problem solving

The impact of Human Capital Management on the Innovativeness of research Center

Nowadays, we are moving towards a knowledge economy where the competitiveness of firms is mainly based on their capacity of innovation, and on the management of their intellectual capital. Moreover, it is widely accepted that firm’s innovation capabilities are more closely linked to their intellectual capital than to their fixed assets. The importance of intellectual capital for innovation has attracted researchers interested in determining its elements and the process by which enhances the innovative capabilities and performance of firms (Carmen Cabello-Medina et al, 2011).   There is a multi-faceted description of intellectual capital as proposed by intellectual capital theorists. A study by Sveiby (1987), for example, proposed that knowledge-based assets could be found in three places: the competencies of organization members, its internal structure; such as: patents, models, computer and administrative assets, and external structure such as brands, reputation and relationships with customers (Rosmah et al, 2008). As a general perception, intellectual capital has three components: human capital, structural capital and relational capital (Suciu, 2000).   The human capital has been emphasized as one of the key success factors of a company. It can be assumed that most successful companies have organized or at least they should have organized their management of the human capital systematically. The management of human capital can be put into practice by applying competence management and knowledge management practices. Numerous studies of competence and knowledge management have been carried out but the practices of this area are still not very well known (Hannula et al, 2003). Moreover, Subramaniam and Youndt (2005) found that the combination of human and social capital positively affected firms’ innovative capabilities (T.T. Selvarajan et al, 2007).   This research aims at examining the impact of human capital management on the innovativeness of Scientific Research Centers through competencies and knowledge management approach. The study was applied to the case of Scientific Research Centers in Algeria; such as: (CREAD, CRSTRA, CDTA, CDER, CERIST, CRBt, CRAPC, CSC, CRSTDLA, and CRASC). The data of the study was collected through interviews and a questionnaire during 2011-2013, and it was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 to determine the interaction between the various factors. The findings broadly support the hypothesis and suggest a number of insights about future studies. Key words: Human Capital Management, Knowledge Management, Competencies Management, innovativeness, Scientific Research Centers in Algeri

Implementasi Model Penilaian Kinerja Berbasis Knowledge Management Score Card Guna Meningkatkan Kualitas Dan Kemandirian Lembaga Keuangan Mikro “Bkad” Di Jawa Timur

Knowledge management as the process by which organizations accumulate intellectual capital and use it to gain competitive advantage. When organizations make a huge investment to intellectual assets, the organiza-tion must be able to measure the impact of knowledge management (KM) to the organization (tangible out-comes) and is confident that by the organization in order to collect the knowledge assets in line with the vision of the organization's mission. The objective of the research is to develop and test-development model of performance-based Knowledge Management (KM) Scorecard well as formulate a program for the development of BKAD based on intellectual capital owned.To achieve the objective, the research is carried out with the approach of participant observation. The result indicates that the assessment of KM scorecard in general provides adequately fine results when they are seen from four perspectives, those are intellectual, social, structural and humanity. The activities of human resource development (PSDM), natural resource develop-ment (PSDA), and economic resource development (PSDE) have resulted in economic increase, knowledge and skill increase, and have opened job opportunities and foster entrepreneurship opportunity. Seen from business development of real sector, BKAD has succeed to develop business of real sector based on areal resources which is in accordance with its regional potency

Do Performance Measurement Systems Matters to Vitalize Green Intellectual Capital and Sustainable Performance? A Conceptual Framework

Purpose: The aim of this study is to propose a conceptual framework in which performance measurement systems potentially play a role in transforming knowledge based resources, e.g., green intellectual capital for sustainable performance in this information intensive economy. The emerging relevance of sustainability creates phenomena to think about green intellectual capital, while little is known about the function of performance management systems to achieve sustainable-based performance.   Theoretical framework: The underlying premise of the "contingency view" from the "fit as mediation" approach signifies that organizational systems are generated and structured by knowledge-based characteristics, which significantly influence organizational outcomes (Drazin & de Ven, 1985; Venkatraman, 1989).   Design/methodology/approach:  The conceptual framework articulates three components of green intellectual capital, i.e., green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital, from the ground of performance measurement systems adding social and environmental measures to contribute to sustainable performance (economic, social and environmental) extracted from the preceding literature.   Findings: The expected results of the study suggest that green-based intellectual capital can foster business sustainability, while a quantitative method will be employed based on prior studies to extract the study's real consequences.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The study may inspire senior management to exhibit how green intellectual capital is linked in internal operations for dealing with non-financial concerns for economic lineup and to bridge research gaps from different study areas into a holistic model to contribute to the literature.   Originality/value: The value of the study is to give logical hints about emerging literature that green intellectual capital is significant to achieve sustainable performance. This study contributes to the sphere of accounting and sustainability by suggesting a research framework for practitioners and academicians

The Mediation Role of Employee Engagement on the Relationship between Aspects of Human Capital Management and Employee Job Performance

This study examined the mediation role of employee engagement on the relationship between the aspects of human capital management and employee job performance in the Ethiopian banking sector. This study reports the responses of 426 respondents from twelve banking institutions in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, drawing on the social exchange theory and the resource-based view theory. This study is structured on a quantitative approach, with stratified and simple random sampling techniques. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to test the factors and verify the factor structure of a set of observed variables. The scales were tested for reliability and validity. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS was used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results revealed that the aspects of human capital management, namely knowledge accessibility, learning capacity, workforce optimization, leadership practice, and career advancement, positively relate to employee job performance. Moreover, the results of bias-corrected bootstrapping iteration revealed that employee engagement partially mediates this relationship between aspects of human capital management and employee job performance. Finally, the limitations and future research implications are discussed. Keywords: human capital management, employee engagement, employee job performance DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/14-13-02 Publication date:July 31st 202

Mobilizing Informational Social Capital in Cyber Space: Online Social Network Structural Properties and Knowledge Sharing

Online networks can be construed as social networks in which people engage in interactions, build rela- tionships, share information, and request and extend assistance to each other using electronic communication technologies. Is social capital embedded in online networks? How is such social capital mobilized (i.e., shared)? What structural properties of cyber networks are associated with mobilization of social capital? These questions have drawn the attention of researchers in the areas of social networks, social capital, and online communication. Our research is an initial effort to touch upon these three questions. Whereas most previous research on both conventional and online social networks has favored analysis of either egocentric (i.e., individuals) or bounded (i.e., groups or organizations) networks as the primary unit of analysis, this study investigates online discussion forums that span formal boundaries of organizations, examining their structural properties and patterns of information exchange. We employ a network-based approach to the study of social capital, postulating that mobilization of social capital is contingent on social network properties. Using data from professional online forums devoted to knowledge management, we find that two network properties, core–periphery structure and centralization, are related to the mobilization of informational social capital in online networks. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided

An exploration of knowledge management and intellectual capital in a nonprofit organisation context

In recent years, practitioners and researchers alike have turned their attention to knowledge management (KM) in order to increase organisational performance (OP). As a result, many different approaches and strategies have been investigated and suggested for how knowledge should be managed to make organisations more effective and efficient. However, most research has been undertaken in the for-profit sector, with only a few studies focusing on the benefits nonprofit organisations might gain by managing knowledge. This study broadly investigates the impact of knowledge management on the organisational performance of nonprofit organisations. Organisational performance can be evaluated through either financial or non-financial measurements. In order to evaluate knowledge management and organisational performance, non-financial measurements are argued to be more suitable given that knowledge is an intangible asset which often cannot be expressed through financial indicators. Non-financial measurement concepts of performance such as the balanced scorecard or the concept of Intellectual Capital (IC) are well accepted and used within the for-profit and nonprofit sectors to evaluate organisational performance. This study utilised the concept of IC as the method to evaluate KM and OP in the context of nonprofit organisations due to the close link between KM and IC: Indeed, KM is concerned with managing the KM processes of creating, storing, sharing and applying knowledge and the organisational KM infrastructure such as organisational culture or organisational structure to support these processes. On the other hand, IC measures the knowledge stocks in different ontological levels: at the individual level (human capital), at the group level (relational capital) and at the organisational level (structural capital). In other words, IC measures the value of the knowledge which has been managed through KM. As KM encompasses the different KM processes and the KM infrastructure facilitating these processes, previous research has investigated the relationship between KM infrastructure and KM processes. Organisational culture, organisational structure and the level of IT support have been identified as the main factors of the KM infrastructure influencing the KM processes of creating, storing, sharing and applying knowledge. Other research has focused on the link between KM and OP or organisational effectiveness. Based on existing literature, a theoretical model was developed to enable the investigation of the relation between KM (encompassing KM infrastructure and KM processes) and IC. The model assumes an association between KM infrastructure and KM processes, as well as an association between KM processes and the various levels of IC (human capital, structural capital and relational capital). As a result, five research questions (RQ) with respect to the various factors of the KM infrastructure as well as with respect to the relationship between KM infrastructure and IC were raised and included into the research model: RQ 1 Do nonprofit organisations which have a Hierarchy culture have a stronger IT support than nonprofit organisations which have an Adhocracy culture? RQ 2 Do nonprofit organisations which have a centralised organisational structure have a stronger IT support than nonprofit organisations which have decentralised organisational structure? RQ 3 Do nonprofit organisations which have a stronger IT support have a higher value of Human Capital than nonprofit organisations which have a less strong IT support? RQ 4 Do nonprofit organisations which have a stronger IT support have a higher value of Structural Capital than nonprofit organisations which have a less strong IT support? RQ 5 Do nonprofit organisations which have a stronger IT support have a higher value of Relational Capital than nonprofit organisations which have a less strong IT support? In order to investigate the research questions, measurements for IC were developed which were linked to the main KM processes. The final KM/IC model contained four items for evaluating human capital, five items for evaluating structural capital and four items for evaluating relational capital. The research questions were investigated through empirical research using a case study approach with the focus on two nonprofit organisations providing trade promotions services through local offices worldwide. Data for the investigation of the assumptions were collected via qualitative as well as quantitative research methods. The qualitative study included interviews with representatives of the two participating organisations as well as in-depth document research. The purpose of the qualitative study was to investigate the factors of the KM infrastructure (organisational culture, organisational structure, IT support) of the organisations and how these factors were related to each other. On the other hand, the quantitative study was carried out through an online-survey amongst staff of the various local offices. The purpose of the quantitative study was to investigate which impact the level of IT support, as the main instrument of the KM infrastructure, had on IC. Overall several key themes were found as a result of the study: • Knowledge Management and Intellectual Capital were complementary with each other, which should be expressed through measurements of IC based on KM processes. • The various factors of the KM infrastructure (organisational culture, organisational structure and level of IT support) are interdependent. • IT was a primary instrument through which the different KM processes (creating, storing, sharing and applying knowledge) were performed. • A high level of IT support was evident when participants reported higher level of IC (human capital, structural capital and relational capital). The study supported previous research in the field of KM and replicated the findings from other case studies in this area. The study also contributed to theory by placing the KM research within the nonprofit context and analysing the linkage between KM and IC. From the managerial perspective, the findings gave clear indications that would allow interested parties, such as nonprofit managers or consultants to understand more about the implications of KM on OP and to use this knowledge for implementing efficient and effective KM strategies within their organisations

Kontribusi Modal Sosial dalam Penerapan Manajemen Pengetahuan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Kluster Kerajinan di Bogor

Activities of tourist visit provide opportunities for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to stand, making the city of Bogor as one of the city that has an increasing number of SME’s. Failure to exploit the potential of the center to develop its organization and social capital owned SME’s indicate that SME’s still face problems of low quality human resources. SME’s mostly poorly educated human resources with technical expertise, competence, entrepreneurship and management are modest. On the other hand the knowledge inherent in members of an organization need to be updated and transferred to still have a value that is integrated with the vision and mission of the organization. On the basis of need, there is a knowledge management approach known as knowledge management.This study aims to (1) analyze the characteristics of social capital owned SME’s organizations Bogor, (2) analyze the characteristics of knowledge management in Bogor SME’s organization, (3) analyze the contribution and role of social capital on organizational knowledge management implementation, (4) analyze the relationship between social capital variables with the variables of organizational knowledge management practices of SME’s Bogor. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis

Knowledge management and intellectual capital in networks of small- and medium-sized enterprises

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a theoretical-conceptual model supporting the analysis of the effects of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) networks on knowledge management (KM) and intellectual capital (IC). Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews literature on KM, IC and networks theories. The role of SMEs networks on KM and IC was discussed, analysing previous studies that supported the proposition of the model in question. In such model SMEs networks are seen as knowledge networks which are analysed in terms of the network formation process, the context, the strategy, the organisational culture and the stimuli for the sharing of knowledge. KM is observed in terms of knowledge creation, systematisation and sharing. Finally, IC encompasses human capital, structural capital and relational capital. It is noteworthy that KM and IC were considered deeply and closely related. Findings – The conclusions obtained help to fill an important gap in the management, accounting, KM and IC literature, showing that the processes of creating, acquiring, maintaining, systematising and sharing information and knowledge and IC generation in SMEs networks can be influenced by the network formation process, by the organisational context, as well as by the strategy, organisational culture and stimuli to sharing knowledge. Research limitations/implications – The paper provides a theoretical contribution by increasing understanding of the effect of SMEs networks on KM and IC practices – an understanding still at the early stages in the literature. Moreover, the originality of the model proposed extends the relevance of this research, as the literature does not contain a sufficiently established and tested approach that simultaneously provides a clear view of the relations between SMEs, networks, KM and IC, highlighting how SMEs can use networks as a strategy to achieve a more effective management of the knowledge assets forming IC. So, the paper offers several avenues for future research. Practical implications – Based on previous empirical research, it was perceived that the original model presented in this paper is consistent, collaborating to improve management practice, providing a competitive benchmarking process. This can allow analysts, managers and other decision makers, by using SMEs networks to improve organisational performance, innovation, sustainability, competitiveness and value. Originality/value – The paper presents an innovative theoretical-conceptual model focussed on the role of SMEs networks on KM and IC, indicating a strong link between the former and the latter in such enterprises in terms of performance, innovation, sustainability, competitiveness and value, an issue whose understanding, although quite relevant, is still incipient in the literature

PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP ASSET QUALITY PADA INDUSTRI PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the causal relationship between intellectual capital on asset quality at banks in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data derived from the Bank's annual financial statements that have been audited and listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) throughout 2015 to 2020. By applying the purposive sampling method in order to obtain 38 banks as samples. Processing and analyzing data in conducting hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis which is then processed with the Eviews 9 program. The use of Asset Quality as an indicator of the banking risk profile uses a Non-Performing Loan (NPL) measurement approach. Meanwhile (VAICTM), along with its components, namely human capital efficiency (HCE), structural capital efficiency (SCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE) are used as approaches in measuring intellectual capital. The control variables used are bank age (BAGE) and bank size (BSIZE). The results of the study indicate that intellectual capital generally affects the asset quality of banks in Indonesia significantly positively. When intellectual capital is divided into its components, this study proves that there is a significant relationship to asset quality. Negatively with human capital efficiency (HCE) while positively with structural capital efficiency (SCE). While the control variable Bank age (BAGE) was proven to have a significant negative effect on asset quality. The results of this study prove that the Bank's management can optimize intellectual capital along with structural capital and human capital to maintain and maintain asset quality. Furthermore, the results of this study are expected to have direct implications for the development of banks in the era of knowledge-based economy. This study analyzes the relationship between intellectual capital and its relationship to bank asset quality, which is still minimally studied empirically in banking in Indonesia