Corporate Social Responsibility: An Application in Tourism Development in Ghana

In 1972 UNESCO recognized 1) the Elmina Castle alias St George’s Castle located in Elmina, 2) the Fort St Jago located in Elmina, and 3) the Cape Coast Castle alias Carolsburg Castle located in Cape Coast as World Heritage Sites (slave dungeons during transatlantic slave trade). Tourism was introduced in Elmina and Cape Coast in Ghana, West Africa, as a means to poverty reduction. However, almost fifteen years later this was not achieved. A participatory approach to research revealed that lack of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) from the government, tourism intermediaries and developmental institutions was the key factor behind this failure. So far within the tourism industry no tangible areas of responsibility for sustainable tourism development were found and not even the host governments expressed concern for it. However, it could be argued that the intelligent application of [C (SR)] can lead to poverty reduction if it is practiced in a holistic, responsible, transparent and accountable manner

Economy: photographs of the Elephant and Castle

Economy: the Elephant and Castle was the third part of a three-part work in book and exhibition format and entitled The Elephant Vanishes. Patrick Sutherland is Director of The Elephant Vanishes, a long-term photographic documentation of the regeneration of the Elephant and Castle, undertaken with students on the MA Photojournalism and Documentary Photography course (MAPJD). Each year of the project students were set themes, which interrogate different aspects of the regeneration and development project. The resulting exhibition and book embraces divergent creative strategies: a key aspect of the work produced is its visual variety, leading to a rich layering and overlapping of documentary forms. This work is edited and curated into exhibition and book format by Sutherland. The overall project. The Elephant Vanishes, was launched with a PARC study day at LCC in 2006. Numerous people including Prof Val Williams, Prof Tom Hunter, Adam Broomberg and Oliver Chanarin, Paul Lowe , John Easterby and Brigitte Lardinois contributed to the project

An Angel\u27s Promise

Castle Deuclet, the protagonist of this work of fiction, has a dream which may or maymot set off or b2 connected to a series of events that happen afte\u27wards. Castle is thrust into a world of the fantastic where beings calling themselves angels want to help him; where he encounters a unicorn, named Julia, that he knew as a child; where a scarecrow woman reveals herself in his dreams and tells him that she is a dooway he must go through but that first he has to find the key. Here, Castle must face and accept the dark parts of himself: his shadow-self and child shadow-self. He must confront the Dark Man, a mysterious and evil figure that he is somehow inextricably linked to, and the people in Castle\u27s life that the Dark Man remits with his evil touch. Before he faces the Dark Man, Castle is shown his power and the magnitude of his power by his two angels and his unicorn. Castle is taken through a factory by one of his angels revealing many things to Castle. Castle accepts his shadow-selves. In the final confrontation, Castle defeats the Dark Man but not before receiving a wound in his thigh, Castle, then, realizing how much he had lost in his life--things he cannot remember-leaves on a journey to re-learn all that he can

A Zooarchaeological Study of Changing Meat Supply and Butchery Practices at Medieval Castles in England

This thesis investigates the changing meat supply and butchery practices at medieval castles in England. The analysis represents a departure from prevailing zooarchaeological butchery studies in that it considers the importance of analysing butchery patterns to gain a better understanding of social status, diet and changes in how animals were exploited over time and in various geographic locations in England. This research highlights the potential of butchery studies and reveals previously unestablished information about how butchery was carried out, how meat was supplied and the practical and social reasoning behind why animals were slaughtered and consumed in a certain way. A butchery methodology was implemented for identifying significant patterns detailing where butchery marks were occurring on bone. The methodology was tested on assemblages from three castle sites: Edlingham Castle, Portchester Castle and Beeston Castle. The methodology is further carried out in the form of assessments for comparison, on animal bone assemblages from medieval urban sites in Newcastle, Winchester and Chester. The methodology is successful in showing that analysing butchery practices of an animal bone assemblage, has the potential to reveal previously unestablished information about past butchery practices and consumption patterns. High status medieval castle assemblages predominately show a professional style of butchery, however this is not always the case. A key characteristic of this style is the longitudinal division of the spine of a carcass. This thesis hypothesises that a castle in close proximity to an urban area would display a professional style of butchery and therefore would likely have a significant amount of dressed carcasses brought to the castle from an urban centre. However, location is not the only variable to take in to consideration. This research shows that the level of status of a castle is also an essential factor to consider. Aspects of this research can be implemented as an extension of existing methods available to zooarchaeologists in order to gain a better understanding of butchery practices and social status. Issues highlighted by the case studies in question are explored and ideas for future research are suggested

Location based modelling for Heritage Mobile Applications

Recent strategies for increasing museum income have heightened the need to motivate visits. Consequently, ICT has been increasingly used in historical locations to educate and entertain visitors. This exploratory study concerns one such museum that is developing its understanding of these technologies through the perspective of visitors as the key stakeholder. It views the significance of historical landscapes’ technologies that reflect the views of visitors. A quantitative study is conducted to explore preferred technologies and the way in which digital media can be presented in a natural environment, as well as how visitors prefer such experiences to be described. To define and assess the technologies in Dorset County Museum and Maiden Castle, data was collected using a survey in both locations. The results identified differences in visitors’ perceptions regarding the importance of technologies in these museum and physical locations. The outcomes of this study can be applied to improve the effectiveness of technology in interlinked heritage landscapes through development of mobile or web prototypes

THE PORTRAYAL OF FEMALE’S ROLE IN 18TH CENTURY IN THE CASTLE OF OTRANTO AND THE MYSTERIES OF UDOLPHO

Trikaloka Handayani Putri University of Pesantren Tinggi Darul Ulum Jombang [email protected]  Abstrak Pendekatan mimesis cenderung mencari imitasi karya sastra terhadap realita. Ada begitu banyak karya sastra yang menggambarkan realita, The Castle of Otranto oleh Horace Walpole dan Misteri Udolpho oleh Ann Radcliffe adalah diantaranya. Dikenal sebagai novel gotik , keduanya mengangkat isu sosial yang sama. Menggunakan cara gotik dan dengan cerita yang mengerikan, The Castle of Otranto dan Misteri Udolpho menyajikan kehidupan wanita muda dengan masalah sosialnya. The Castle of Otranto menyuguhkan potret kehidupan Matilda dan Isabella yang memiliki kehidupan yang sedih hanya karena mereka perempuan, sementara The Misteri Udolpho bercerita tentang kehidupan kesengsaraan seorang gadis juga yang diperankan oleh Emily. Oleh karena itu, masalah sosial menjadi isu menarik untuk dibahas. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan mimesis, dapat dilihat dengan jelas bahwa kedua novel tersebut gotik dan berbicara tentang peran perempuan di abad 18. kata kunci: gotik , mimesis, masalah sosial  Abstract Mimetic approaches tend to look literary works is imitation of reality. There are so many works of literature that describes the reality; The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole and Ann Radcliffe's Mysteries of Udolpho are the examples. Known as the gothic novel, both raised the same social issues. Using a gothic way and with a terrible story, The Castle of Otranto and the Mystery of Udolpho presents the lives of young women with social problems. The Castle of Otranto presents a portrait of the lives of Matilda and Isabella who had a sad life just because they are women, while The Mystery of Udolpho tells about the life of a girl's woes also played by Emily. Therefore, the social problem becomes interesting to discuss the issue. By using a mimetic approach, can be seen clearly that both the gothic novel and talk about the role of women in the 18th century. key words: gothic, mimetic, social problems  Â

The empty throne

The Empty Throne is a specially commisisoned 'featurette' . A high definition film that was conceived as a living painting, a window into the characters and events leading up to the sealing of Magna Carta by King John in 1215. I was engaged to create the sound design and mix the soundtrack for the piece. This was an unusual brief as the piece was 48 minutes long and contains sections of distinct action and speech along with sections which were characterised by atmospheric soundscapes, a storm brewing, castle echoes etc etc The film was directed by Philip Stevens, lecturer in the School of Film and Media. Stressing the power of the individual and is a call to arms for young artists to make their voices heard. The Empty Throne was shown as part of the multi-­‐faceted 1215.today launch event at Lincoln Castle, where the film was simultaneously projected onto multiple walls inside the castle. Viewers could catch a glimpse of the film as they passed by, perhaps coming across one of the tableaus. A series of dramas unfold. The production was also distinctive as it developed as a collaboration between staff, students and graduates of the School of Film & Media at the University of Lincoln, working together on a professional shoot to produce a film the University is incredibly proud of. As a key partner of the 1215.today project, who commissioned the film to form a key part of the launch event, the School of Film & Media is delighted and grateful that the project has provided our students with this invaluable opportunity to extend their skills and expertise – and the intended audience will gain valuable knowledg

The effects of commodification on cultural significance: two African fortifications

This study is specifically concerned with the impact of cultural tourism on the valorisation of two African fortifications; Castelo São Jorge da Mina (Elmina Castle) in Elmina, Ghana and Casteel de Goede Hoop (Castle of Good Hope) in Cape Town, South Africa. The commodification of national and world heritage, primarily within the context of cultural tourism, is the process by which tangible and intangible heritage are transformed into cultural commodities to be bought, sold and profited from in the heritage and tourism industry. The perception, however, that these commodified heritage sites are contaminated, and less authentic, is based on an outmoded discourse. The South African government has placed a fair amount of focus on redressing highly emotive colonial or dissonant heritage sites with the intent of correcting misinterpreted Eurocentric histories or present non-represented pre-colonial history. The study is structured around addressing the issue of commodification and its impact on the understanding and interpretation of heritage both as an emotive commodity and as a means of providing economic benefit to a community. The literature review locates the research in Marx's theories on commodities together with Urry's tourist gaze. It furthermore includes an analysis on valorisation, with the focus on associative value, in the context of national and world heritage. Fortifications as fortified military architecture in an African context are considered; as is the European influence on African culture and fortifications as colonial structures. Elmina Castle, as a much-researched heritage site, is explored in detail. It includes a legislative analysis; the perspectives and interpretations of the two largest stakeholders groups, the Akan-speaking Fanti population and the African American Diaspora tourists is key to the analysis of the impact of commodification. A detailed history of Europeans on the Gold Coast, the development of Elmina Castle and the impact of trans-Atlantic slavery on the consumption of heritage is studied. The commodification of the Castle of Good Hope is written within the context of the prevailing South African heritage discourse. Much has been written on the commodification of Elmina Castle, while very little has been said about the Castle of Good Hope as a commodity. The prevailing authorised commodification of the Castle of Good Hope necessitated the analysis and comparison of the Castle with the selected comparative case and the study draws comparisons between the powerful emotive significance and contestations attached to Elmina and the contrast that this poses to the Castle of God Hope as a place of heritage significance despite the fact that it has been seen to symbolise the introduction of repressive European influence and control in South Africa. The research supports the notion that cultural tourism and events have impacted on the valorisation of cultural heritage and, in particular, the associative and emotive values. However, the cultural significance of the two African fortifications as important heritage sites are not at risk

The spiral stair or vice: Its origins, role and meaning in medieval stone castles

This thesis addresses a neglected area of castles studies - the spiral stair. It studies the origins, evolution, placing, structure, role, significance and meaning of spiral stairs in medieval stone castles between 1066 and 1500, so covering the rise, zenith and decline of the castle in England and Wales. Although focussed upon England and Wales, it has a wider geographical spread across Ireland, Scotland, Europe, the Middle East and Japan with particular regard to castles and on even wider when searching for the origins of the spiral stair, encompassing the whole globe. The date range was also extended, both much earlier than 1066 when searching for these origins and very selectively beyond 1500 when exploring how the spiral was used in the later medieval and early modern periods. It is proposed that the first known spiral stair was employed in Trajan's Column in the first century AD, that it was then used more selectively in secular and later ecclesiastical buildings during the first millennium AD and that, from the eleventh century onwards, the spiral stair became a common feature of the medieval castle. From the emergence of the spiral stair in Rome, this thesis places its principal use in European elite and ecclesiastical structures. Focusing on the castle, this thesis argues that it was employed as a vertical boundary marker to signal and control movement between two different types of spaces, from a more public to a more private space and from a general or less restricted space to a space which was more restricted, often elite domestic quarters. This use of the spiral is seen in and is traced through different types of English and Welsh castles, from stronghold to enclosure and on to the so-called sham or cult castles of the late medieval period. The thesis also looks at the spiral in a range of medieval castles and other defensive buildings outside England and Wales and finds that, in the main, spirals were employed in the same way. It also explores the presence and role of the spiral within other medieval buildings, both in England and Wales and further afield, and argues that, although there are some exceptions and variations, in the main spiral stairs played the same role in those buildings. This thesis interprets the spiral stair within the medieval castle as a key component of the landscape of lordship and argues that the interpretation of this elite landscape, hitherto focused on the environs and outward appearance of the castle, should not stop at the castle gate but should move inside. Accordingly, this thesis takes a step to bring the interior of the castle deeper into research and discussion; to explore individual items and features within the castle; and to consider their placing, access and meaning within the medieval world