Effect of multiple simultaneous HSDPA users on HSDPA end-user performance for non-real time services in one cell system

HSDPA networks are currently being deployed; however, there is little knowledge about how these networks perform and behave, and which will the Quality of Service and Quality of Experience that users will achieve due to the fact that UEs share the downlink channel. Furthermore, HSDPA planning and dimensioning is being done through the traditional mechanisms to plan and dimension UMTS networks. These mechanisms do not provide, though, accurate results for HSDPA. This thesis will focus on doing progress in these two areas. A HSDPA simulator was built to find some answers. This simulator used a simplistic model to simulate the radio environment and HSDPA features at Node B. Besides, the simulator dynamically created web browsing traffic according to the traffic patterns specified by the 3GPP. Three main simulations were performed. First, the maximum number of HSDPA users that a HSDPA network can support was obtained for different mean cell throughputs. Results also showed that the relationship between the mean cell throughput and the maximum number of users is linear. Second, the effect of the amount of UEs in a HSDPA network was studied. Results showed how the network and end-user performance changed when the number of UEs differed from the maximum number of UEs. Simulations demonstrated that network and end-user performance decreases rapidly and significantly when the maximum number of UEs was exceeded. Finally, the mean session inter-arrival time was modified to observe how this traffic parameter affected the network and the end-user performance. Furthermore, different sets of number of UEs were used to find out any correlation between the number of UEs and the mean session inter-arrival time. Results showed how the mean session inter-arrival time was much more relevant for the network and end-user performance when the maximum number of UEs had been exceeded. Results will give a glimpse of how HSDPA can perform in real networks. Besides, this simulator can help operators and providers to plan and dimension HSDPA networks more accurately

End-to-end key performance indicators in cellular networks

Masteroppgave i informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi 2006 - Høgskolen i Agder, GrimstadThe continuing growth of customers taking advantage of the available services means greater load on the cellular network. Optimization is the key to ensure that the network can provide a reasonable level of service-quality. Service providers want to examine their network and be assured that their network is performing well. Teleca Wireless Solutions is a company that does this for service providers, and an end-toend test tool could be proven useful to examine the cellular networks overall performance from an end users point of view. To ensure that one has a tool that does this in an appropriate way, one must ensure, the application is based on testing the right key performance indicators for relevant services. Such services may be popular services like FTP and WEB. In this thesis, we have researched what affects the end users performance and performed practical end-to-end performance tests in cellular networks. Our goal is to define which key performance indicators are affecting the network’s performance at different network layers and for different services. We have paid special attendance to the high latency of the wireless links, and the delay introduced with the radio access bearer establishment. By measurements we have shown that the 3rd generation cellular network UMTS not surprisingly outperforms EDGE regarding commonly used services like HTTP/WEB and FTP. We have discovered that while TCP throughput is good when transferring large files over FTP, the high latency of the wireless link makes the HTTP performance bad compared to potential TCP throughput. Our work has concluded with which key performance indicators an end-to-end test application should measure for services as HTTP and FTP, to give an overall view of the cellular network’s performance. We have proposed enhancements to an already existing end-to-end test tool

End-to-end admission control of multiclass traffic in WCDMA mobile network and wireline differentiated services

Master'sMASTER OF ENGINEERIN

Final report on the evaluation of RRM/CRRM algorithms

Deliverable public del projecte EVERESTThis deliverable provides a definition and a complete evaluation of the RRM/CRRM algorithms selected in D11 and D15, and evolved and refined on an iterative process. The evaluation will be carried out by means of simulations using the simulators provided at D07, and D14.Preprin

Fluorescence Multiplexing with Combination Probes for Biological and Diagnostic Applications

Cancer refers to a group of diseases containing more than 200 different subtypes. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease by nature, meaning that there are differences among tumors of the same type in different patients, and there are differences among cancer cells within a single tumor of one patient. Since cancer is not a single disease, nor does it have a single cause, it proves to be incredibly hard to diagnose and treat. The ability to study cellular markers, cell and tissue spatial arrangement, and gene function are all integral parts of cancer diagnostic and treatment efforts. Here, I first present a review of current techniques for quantitative tissue imaging at cellular resolution. I broadly divide current imaging techniques into three categories: fluorescence-based, mass spectrometry-based, and sequencing-based. In this work, I primarily concentrate on fluorescence-based methods, with the focus being on our recently developed theory Multiplexing using Spectral Imaging and Combinatorics (MuSIC). The basis for MuSIC is to create combinations of fluorescent molecules (whether it be small molecule fluorophores or fluorescent proteins) to create unique spectral signatures. I then present a protocol for labeling antibodies with combinations of small molecule fluorophores, which I refer to as MuSIC probes. I use fluorescent oligonucleotides (oligos) to arrange the fluorophores at specified distances and orientations from one another in order to produce complex fluorescence spectra when the probe is excited. This labeling protocol is demonstrated using a 3-probe experimental setup, bound to Protein A beads, and analyzed via spectral flow cytometry. When translating this method to staining human cells, our staining intensity was not comparable to that of a conventional antibody labeling kit. Therefore, next I present an improved method to label antibodies with MuSIC probes with increased signal intensity. I re-arrange the oligo-fluorophore arrangement of the MuSIC probe to emit an increased fluorescent signal. Then I validate this approach by comparing the staining intensity of MuSIC probe-labeled antibodies to a conventional antibody labeling kit using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Lastly, I present simulation theories for the multiplexing capabilities of MuSIC probes for various biological and diagnostic applications. First, I present a theory for high-throughput genetic interaction screening using MuSIC probes generated from 18 currently available fluorescent proteins. Simulation studies based on constraints of current spectral flow cytometry equipment suggest our ability to perform genetic interaction screens at the human genome-scale. Finally, I adapt this simulation protocol to generate MuSIC probes from 30 currently available small-molecule fluorophores. Using the same constraints as before, I predict that I can perform cell-type profiling of 200+ analytes. I hope that the work presented here provides a foundation for the use of combination probes for various biological and disease applications and ultimately help to better diagnose and treat different types of cancer

Effective Node Clustering and Data Dissemination In Large-Scale Wireless Sensor Networks

The denseness and random distribution of large-scale WSNs makes it quite difficult to replace or recharge nodes. Energy efficiency and management is a major design goal in these networks. In addition, reliability and scalability are two other major goals that have been identified by researchers as necessary in order to further expand the deployment of such networks for their use in various applications. This thesis aims to provide an energy efficient and effective node clustering and data dissemination algorithm in large-scale wireless sensor networks. In the area of clustering, the proposed research prolongs the lifetime of the network by saving energy through the use of node ranking to elect cluster heads, contrary to other existing cluster-based work that selects a random node or the node with the highest energy at a particular time instance as the new cluster head. Moreover, a global knowledge strategy is used to maintain a level of universal awareness of existing nodes in the subject area and to avoid the problem of disconnected or forgotten nodes. In the area of data dissemination, the aim of this research is to effectively manage the data collection by developing an efficient data collection scheme using a ferry node and applying a selective duty cycle strategy to the sensor nodes. Depending on the application, mobile ferries can be used for collecting data in a WSN, especially those that are large in scale, with delay tolerant applications. Unlike data collection via multi-hop forwarding among the sensing nodes, ferries travel across the sensing field to collect data. A ferry-based approach thus eliminates, or minimizes, the need for the multi-hop forwarding of data, and as a result, energy consumption at the nodes will be significantly reduced. This is especially true for nodes that are near the base station as they are used by other nodes to forward data to the base station. MATLAB is used to design, simulate and evaluate the proposed work against the work that has already been done by others by using various performance criteria

2000 annual town report of Newport, New Hampshire.

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire

Global Strategy for the Conservation of Potato

Cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum, is the third most consumed crop globally and important not only for food but also for for the animal feed, pharmaceutical, textile and paper industries. To gain an overview on the current state of the conservation and use of potato genetic resources, the Global Crop Diversity Trust (Crop Trust), commissioned an update of the ‘Global conservation strategy for potato genetic resources’. This updated strategy aims to support the efficiency and effectiveness of potato diversity conservation at national, regional and international levels, and to identify priorities for strengthening the conservation and use of potato genetic resources

Bowdoin Orient v.136, no.1-25 (2006-2007)

https://digitalcommons.bowdoin.edu/bowdoinorient-2000s/1007/thumbnail.jp