Neuropsychological attention deficits in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (OMIM191100) is a genetic disorder with multi-system involvement including neurodevelopmental manifestations. There is great interest in understanding the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these neurobehavioral and neurocognitive manifestations. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge about the exact neuropsychiatric phenotypes observed in TSC. Here we report on the first systematic evaluation of neuropsychological attentional skills in a population-derived sample of children and adolescents with TSC. The study showed that, even when age, gender, IQ, and intra-familial clustering were controlled for, the TSC group had significantly lower scores than their unaffected siblings on a range of neuropsychological attentional tasks, and that they had significantly more neuropsychological attention deficits. Eighteen of the 20 children (90%) showed deficits on one or more attentional tasks, with dual task performance most consistently impaired (85%) and visual selective attention a relative strength. Active seizures and anti-epilepsy medication did not influence attentional profiles. Furthermore, parent rating of attention-related behaviors were not able to identify children at risk of neuropsychological deficits. The findings suggest that clinical neuropsychological evaluation of attentional skills should be performed in children and adolescents with TSC even when they have normal global intellectual abilities, no seizures, and no disruptive behaviors. Results suggest that the mechanisms underlying these deficits may include contributions from structural, seizure-related and molecular factors

Neurospora chromosome rearrangements with mutant phenotypes provide an opportunity to sequence breakpoint junctions

Present knowledge of junction sequences is inadequate for understanding how chromosome rearrangements originate. In N. crassa, cloned segments are known to cover breakpoints of T(IR-\u3eVIR)UK-T12 (Asch et al. 1992 Genetics 130:737-748), T(VR;VIL)mpr15-2 am (E.B. Cambareri and J. A. Kinsey, personal communication), T(IR;IIR)4637 al-1 (Schmidhauser et al. 1990 Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:5064-5070), T(IR-\u3eVII;I;IV)AR173 (Kang and Metzenberg 1990 Mol. Cell Biol. 10:5839-5848; S. D. Haedo, personal communication), T(IR-\u3eVII)TM429 his-3 (Catcheside and Angel 1974 Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 27:219-229; Legerton and Yanofsky 1985 Gene 39:129-140, T(VIL-\u3eIR)IBj5 cpc-1 (Paluh et al. 1990 Genetics 124:599-606), T(IR-\u3eVL)AR190 (Butler 1992 Genetics 131:581-592), and T(IIL-\u3eIIIR)AR18 and T(IIL-\u3eVI)P2869 (M. L. Smith and N. L. Glass, personal communication). However, nucleotide sequencing across junctions has been accomplished only for the first two

Causal Attribution Habits and Cultural Orientation as Contributing Factors to Students’ Self-Efficacy: A Comparison Between Female Students in the United States and Saudi Arabia

[EN] In the present research, we examined the extent to which explanations of desirable or undesirable outcomes (grades) can account for the self-efficacy of female college students from two societies with dissimilar cultural traditions: The United States of America, which is characterized by a dominant individualistic culture, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has a dominant collectivist culture. A matched-pairs design (N=560; 280 matched pairs) was used to ensure that students’ self-efficacy levels were equated between cultural groups. We found cultural differences in the choice of explanations and in the extent to which explanations contribute to self-efficacy values. These findings are relevant to the development of curricula and instructional methods that are intended to prepare students from different cultures for academic success.Hamann, K.; Wilson, R.; Wilson, B.; Pilotti, M. (2021). Causal Attribution Habits and Cultural Orientation as Contributing Factors to Students’ Self-Efficacy: A Comparison Between Female Students in the United States and Saudi Arabia. En 7th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'21). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 599-606. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd21.2021.12790OCS59960

RISIKO GANGGUAN PENDENGARAN PADA NEONATUS HIPERBILIRUBINEMIA

ABSTRACT Background. The prevalence of hearing impairment on the Indonesian population according to 2007 WHO data is estimated at 4.2 %, and one of the cause is neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Early detection of hearing impairment and optimal intervention on the first 6 months can prevent speech and language impairment, lack of academic achievement, disturbance of personal social relationship and emotional in the children. Method. A Cohort research was conducted in 36 neonates in Dr Kariadi Hospital in March 2009-March 2010, 18 in the case group with indirect bilirubin > 12 mg/dl and 18 neonates as control group with indirect bilirubin < 12 mg/dl, both taken with consecutive sampling method. We recorded clinical, laboratory, and tymphanometry data, OAE and BERA results at first and after three months. Statistical analysis were done using Chi-square analysis, Mc Nemar analysis, and T-test. Results. Hearing impairment on the first BERA examination was 9 cases (25%) and 3 cases (8.3%) on the second BERA examination, however it did not differed significantly (p>0,05). On the first BERA examination, the mean indirect bilirubin concentration with hearing impairment of 14,18+6,289 mg/dl was not significantly different (p>0,05) from neonate without hearing impairment of 11,29+2,995 mg/dl. The Relative Risk (RR) was 2 (p>0,05; 95% CI 0,6-6,8), but statistically it was not significant. Conclusion. The incidence of hearing impairment on neonatal with hyperbilirubinemia is 25%. Indirect bilirubin of > 12 mg/dL is not proved to be the risk factor of hearing impairment in neonatal with hyperbilirubinemia. Keywords:BERA, hearing impairment, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, OAE

Spatial Awareness is Related to Moderate Intensity Running during a Collegiate Rugby Match

International Journal of Exercise Science 9(5): 599-606, 2016. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between spatial awareness, agility, and distance covered in global positioning system (GPS) derived velocity zone classifications during a collegiate rugby match. Twelve American collegiate rugby union players (mean±SD; age: 21.2±1.4 y; weight: 85.0±16.0 kg; 7 forwards & 5 backs) on a single team volunteered to participate in this investigation. The distances travelled at low (walking/jogging; \u3c2.7m/s), moderate (cruising/striding; 2.7-5.0 m/s), and high intensities (running/sprinting; \u3e5.0 m/s) were measured for each player using GPS sensors and normalized according to playing time during an official USA Rugby match. Spatial awareness was measured as visual tracking speed from one core session of a 3-dimensional multiple-object-tracking speed (3DMOTS) test (1.35±0.59 cm·sec-1). Agility was assessed utilizing the pro agility (5.05±0.28 sec) and t drill (10.62±0.39 sec). Analysis of variance revealed that athletes travelled the greatest distance during walking/jogging (39.5±4.5 m·min-1) and least distance during running/sprinting (4.9±3.5 m·min-1). Pearson product moment correlations revealed that only distance covered while cruising/striding (20.9±6.5 m·min-1) was correlated to spatial awareness (r=0.798, p=0.002). Agility did not correlate to distance covered at any velocity zone or spatial awareness. Spatial awareness, as determined by 3DMOTS, appears to be related to the moderate intensity movement patterns of rugby union athletes

Unreliable estimation of prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome

Svetlana Popova and colleagues (March, 2017)1 sought to estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). The authors reviewed inter-national literature from 1984 for country-specific quantitative studies and for countries with one or no studies they predicted gestational alcohol use prevalence by fractional response regression modelling and prevalence of FAS by an estimated quotient for the average number of women consuming alcohol during pregnancy per one case of FAS. For estimation of FAS prevalence, Italy was reported to be among the five countries worldwide with the highest prevalence of FAS per 10000 peopl

Physical activity in older men: longitudinal associations with inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and onset of coronary heart disease and mortality.

OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between habitual physical activity (PA) and changes in PA and onset of coronary heart disease (CHD) and the pathways linking PA to CHD. DESIGN: British Regional Heart Study population-based cohort; men completed questionnaires in 1996 and 1998 to 2000, attended rescreen in 1998 to 2000, and were followed up to June 2010. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Of 4,252 men recruited from primary care centers (77% of those invited and eligible) who were rescreened in 1998 to 2000, 3,320 were ambulatory and free from CHD, stroke, and heart failure and participated in the current study. MEASUREMENTS: Usual PA (regular walking and cycling, recreational activity and sport). Outcome was first fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction. RESULTS: In 3,320 ambulatory men, 303 first and 184 fatal CHD events occurred during a median of 11 years of follow-up; 9% reported no usual PA, 23% occasional PA, and 68% light or more-intense PA. PA was inversely associated with novel risk markers C-reactive protein, D-dimer, von Willebrand Factor and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). Compared with no usual PA, hazard ratios (HRs) for CHD events, adjusted for age and region, were 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.34-0.79) for occasional PA, 0.47 (95% CI = 0.30-0.74) for light PA, 0.51 (95% CI = 0.32-0.82) for moderate PA, and 0.44 (95% CI = 0.29-0.65) for moderately vigorous or vigorous PA (P for linear trend =.004). Adjustment for established and novel risk markers somewhat attenuated HRs and abolished linear trends. Compared with men who remained inactive, men who maintained at least light PA had an HR for CHD events of 0.73 (95% CI = 0.53-1.02) and men whose PA level increased had an HR of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.55-1.35). CONCLUSION: Even light PA was associated with significantly lower risk of CHD events in healthy older men, partly through inflammatory and hemostatic mechanisms and cardiac function (NT-proBNP)

Present and future trajectories towards a possible valid and useful diagnosis of ADHD

To date, diagnosing Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder remains indeed one of the most controversial issues in contemporary psychiatry and behavioural sciences. Most of the conceptual problems regarding the validity of this diagnostic category arise from the heterogeneity of syndromal pictures and the high rate of comorbidity observed in subjects diagnosed with ADHD at all stages of the longitudinal course of the disorder. In this regard, DSM 5 increased complexity by allowing a diagnosis of comorbidity between ADHD and autism spectrum disorders while these two diagnoses were mutually exclusive in DSM-IV-TR