Simple rules can guide whether land or ocean based conservation will best benefit marine ecosystems

Coastal marine ecosystems can be managed by actions undertaken both on the land and in the ocean. Quantifying and comparing the costs and benefits of actions in both realms is therefore necessary for efficient management. Here, we quantify the link between terrestrial sediment run-off and a downstream coastal marine ecosystem, and contrast the cost-effectiveness of marine and land-based conservation actions. We use a dynamic land- and sea-scape model to determine whether limited funds should be directed to one of four alternative conservation actions – protection on land, protection in the ocean, restoration on land, or restoration in the ocean – to maximise the extent of light-dependent marine benthic habitats, across decadal time-scales. We apply the model to a case study seagrass meadow in Australia. We find that marine restoration is the most cost-effective action over decadal time-scales in this system, based on a conservative estimate of the rate at which seagrass can expand into new habitat. The optimal decision will vary in different social-ecological contexts, but some basic information can guide optimal investments to counteract land and ocean based stressors: (1) marine restoration should be prioritised if the rates of marine ecosystem decline and expansion are similar and low; (2) marine protection should take precedence if the rate of marine ecosystem decline is high, or if the adjacent catchment is relatively intact and has a low rate of vegetation decline; (3) land-based actions are optimal when the ratio of marine ecosystem expansion to decline is >1.4, with terrestrial restoration typically the most cost effective; and (4) land protection should be prioritised if the catchment is relatively intact, but the rate of vegetation decline is high. These rules-of-thumb illustrate how cost-effective conservation outcomes for connected land-ocean systems can proceed without complex modelling

State of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area Workshop : proceedings of a technical workshop held in Townsville, Queensland, Australia, 27-29 November 1995

State of the Environment Reporting is increasingly being seen as an important part of environmental management and is required at the national level as well as within several states. Although there are or have been, a number of long-standing and quite comprehensive monitoring and assessment programs on the Great Barrier Reef, the results of many of these programs have never been summarised in a management context and no overall summary of all of these programs has ever been attempted

Place, information technology and legal ethics

This thesis addresses the impact that technology has on lawyers’ ethics. It first establishes a case for place, drawing on the works of Martin Heidegger and his disciples. By analysing legal theory, ethical theory, continental philosophy and technology theory, three key elements of place emerge – location, community and history. This Heideggerian framework underpins the thesis and addresses the issues lawyers face with increased technology use. Lawyers are currently confronted by technology that has evolved as a result of globalisation. Their ethical obligations in relation to communication, confidentiality, conflicts of interest and litigation are challenged. Place affects lawyers’ ethics to a significant extent. A place based ethical perspective fills the gap within community theories of lawyers’ ethics and bridges the gap between ethical theories and technology philosophy. By recognising and preserving place, lawyers will maintain a stronger connection with their professional duties

Biological basis for managing dugongs and other large vertebrates in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 1989

This report outlines the results of a research program conducted between 1984 and 1988. The program aimed to investigate the biology of dugongs and other large vertebrates within the GBR region, as a basis for the development of effective management strategies. The report consists of five parts of which this is the first. This part is a synthesis of the results of the project in the context of our knowledge of dugong biology. It evaluates the current status of the dugong in the GBRMP, and makes recommendations for future research. monitoring, and management

Regulating Content on Social Media

How are users influenced by social media platforms when they generate content, and does this influence affect users’ compliance with copyright laws? These are pressing questions in today’s internet age, and Regulating Content on Social Media answers them by analysing how the behaviours of social media users are regulated from a copyright perspective. Corinne Tan, an internet governance specialist, compares copyright laws on selected social media platforms, namely Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, Twitter and Wikipedia, with other regulatory factors such as the terms of service and the technological features of each platform. This comparison enables her to explore how each platform affects the role copyright laws play in securing compliance from their users. Through a case study detailing the content generative activities undertaken by a hypothetical user named Jane Doe, as well as drawing from empirical studies, the book argues that – in spite of copyright’s purported regulation of certain behaviours – users are 'nudged' by the social media platforms themselves to behave in ways that may be inconsistent with copyright laws

Bridging our growing divide: inequality in Australia

KEY FINDINGS The evidence before the committee is that income inequality—as gauged by various measures across a range of studies—has increased in Australia since the mid-1980s (see chapter 2). The evidence shows that the likely impact of the Budget measures will be to exacerbate income inequality and poverty in Australia. The Henderson Poverty Line (HPL) and the 50 per cent median income poverty line indicate that far too many vulnerable Australians, individuals and families in receipt of income support, are currently living in poverty (see chapters 2 and 5). The evidence provided to the committee showed that the level of the Newstart payment is too low. The income of a single, adult Newstart recipient is now more than $100 per week below both the HPL and the 50 per cent of median income poverty line (see chapters 5 and 6). The minimum wage remains an important mechanism for low income people to avoid poverty and participate in society. The evidence shows that the minimum wage makes a significant difference to income inequality and rates of poverty. It is important that the minimum wage is set at a level that reflects the rising cost of living in Australia. There is a socio-economic gradient associated with a large range of health outcomes. Poorer health outcomes are recorded for those with lower incomes. A concerted focus on preventive health and improved access to primary healthcare—especially for lower income people—will assist in lifting a number of these outcomes (see chapter 3). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, people with disability, people living with a mental illness, single parents and newly arrived migrants (particularly those without English) are more vulnerable to poverty and disadvantage. Low transfer payments or a low income often compounds the extent of the disadvantage felt by people in these disadvantaged groups. Coupled with the disadvantage of a mental health condition, a physical disability or the demands of being a single parent, a low income makes it more difficult to access decent and stable housing, quality health and education services and the skills needed to break out of poverty. But people in these disadvantaged groups are those who most need these assets, services and skills. Where these service supports are not available, they become even more susceptible to ill health and exclusion from the labour market and society (see chapter 4). There is a need to carefully consider how the income support system can assist the large and growing of people with insecure work (casual, short-term contracts). There is a cohort within the Australian labour market that moves in and out of short-term, low skilled work. It is very difficult for these people to develop the financial and personal resilience to move out of poverty and find secure stable housing (see chapters 3 and 4). The mobility of labour and regional variations in labour market opportunities are often factors that limit people\u27s employment opportunities. People looking for work, particularly those in disadvantaged groups, may not be able to move due to financial constraints, family obligations or are often reluctant to move from their existing support networks in search of employment (see chapter 4). Decent and stable housing is fundamental to the ability of people on income support and those on low incomes to remain in the labour force and participate in society. A shortage of affordable supply, and various factors fuelling demand for housing, has led to record high house prices and private rents. Those on a low income are typically excluded from buying a property and often find even renting difficult in the private market. There are long waiting lists to enter public and social housing. Studies show the importance of Commonwealth Rent Assistance in helping those on low incomes avoid housing stress. Moreover, a decent wage is the most effective remedy for lifting people out of housing stress. An individualised, one-on-one approach can achieve significant success in reconnecting people with education, training and employment opportunities. There are a range of settings where the case management approach can work well. The evidence points to significant benefits from investing in programmes that: connect with young people at risk of leaving school early,through mentoring and hands-on training opportunities; encourage young people to remain in school and create opportunities tomeet with employers and vocational education providers. The key is to showyoung people who are at risk of leaving school early that they have anemployment future, and to show them what that future might look like; develop tailored training opportunities for workers aged 50 and over, particularly those facing retrenchment; and provide a long-term unemployed person with a mentor who can discuss thespecific barriers to a person finding employment, liaise with local employersto discuss job opportunities and the capabilities of the unemployed personactively assist him or her in the application and interview process(see chapter 6)

Regulating Content on Social Media

How are users influenced by social media platforms when they generate content, and does this influence affect users’ compliance with copyright laws? These are pressing questions in today’s internet age, and Regulating Content on Social Media answers them by analysing how the behaviours of social media users are regulated from a copyright perspective. Corinne Tan, an internet governance specialist, compares copyright laws on selected social media platforms, namely Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, Twitter and Wikipedia, with other regulatory factors such as the terms of service and the technological features of each platform. This comparison enables her to explore how each platform affects the role copyright laws play in securing compliance from their users. Through a case study detailing the content generative activities undertaken by a hypothetical user named Jane Doe, as well as drawing from empirical studies, the book argues that – in spite of copyright’s purported regulation of certain behaviours – users are 'nudged' by the social media platforms themselves to behave in ways that may be inconsistent with copyright laws

Southern Accent September 2005 - April 2006

Southern Adventist University\u27s newspaper, Southern Accent, for the academic year of 2005-2006.https://knowledge.e.southern.edu/southern_accent/1083/thumbnail.jp

INTSORMIL 2005 ANNUAL REPORT

The 2005 INTSORMIL Annual Report presents the progress and notable achievements by the SorghumiMillet CRSP during the period of July 1, 2004 - June 30, 2005. These results are an outcome of partnerships between scientists at six U.S. Land Grant Universities (Kansas State University, Mississippi State University, University of Nebraska, Purdue University, Texas A&M University and West Texas A&M University) and scientists of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture at Tifton, Georgia and National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) and National Universities in nineteen countries in Central America, West Africa, East Africa and Southern Afflca. Agricultural research provides benefits not only to producers of agricultural products but also to processors and consumers of agricultural products. Agricultural research has proven itself continuously in providing improved products of greater quantity and quality, as well as improved health to consumers and broad-based economic growth which goes beyond producers and consumers

bibliography on cashew 1995-2007

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