Adaptive Modeling of Workforce Domain Knowledge

Workforce development is a multidisciplinary domain in which policy, laws and regulations, social services, training and education, and information technology and systems are heavily involved. It is essential to have a semantic base accepted by the workforce development community for knowledge sharing and exchange. This paper describes how such a semantic base—the Workforce Open Knowledge Exchange (WOKE) Ontology—was built by using the adaptive modeling approach. The focus of this paper is to address questions such as how ontology designers should extract and model concepts obtained from different sources and what methodologies are useful along the steps of ontology development. The paper proposes a methodology framework “adaptive modeling” and explains the methodology through examples and some lessons learned from the process of developing the WOKE ontology

Ontological Engineering: What are Ontologies and How Can We Build Them?

Ontologies are formal, explicit specifications of shared conceptualizations. There is much literature on what they are, how they can be engineered and where they can be used inside applications. All these literature can be grouped under the term “Ontological Engineering,” which is defined as the set of activities that concern the ontology development process, the ontology lifecycle, the principles, methods and methodologies for building ontologies, and the tool suites and languages that support them. In this chapter we provide an overview of Ontological Engineering, describing the current trends, issues and problem

A roadmap to ontology specification languages

The interchange of ontologies across the World Wide Web (WWW) and the cooperation among heterogeneous agents placed on it is the main reason for the development of a new set of ontology specification languages, based on new web standards such as XML or RDF. These languages (SHOE, XOL, RDF, OIL, etc) aim to represent the knowledge contained in an ontology in a simple and human-readable way, as well as allow for the interchange of ontologies across the web. In this paper, we establish a common framework to compare the expressiveness and reasoning capabilities of "traditional" ontology languages (Ontolingua, OKBC, OCML, FLogic, LOOM) and "web-based" ontology languages, and conclude with the results of applying this framework to the selected languages

WebPicker: Knowledge Extraction from Web Resources

We show how information distributed in several web resources and represented in different restricted languages can be extracted from its original sources and transformed into a common knowledge model represented in XML using WebPicker. This information, which has been built to cover different needs and functionalities, can be later imported into WebODE, integrated, enriched and exported into different representation formats using WebODE specific modules. We show a case study in the e-commerce domain, using products and services standards from several organizations and/or joint initiatives of industrial and services companies, and a product catalogue from an e-commerce platform

Prise en compte de l'application dans la constitution de produits terminologiques

International audienceLes produits terminologiques se trouvent de plus en plus utilisés dans différents types d'applications informatiques où textes et connaissances jouent un rôle privilégié. Leur constitution à partir de textes requiert de définir un cadre méthodologique situant l'usage d'outils et techniques de traitement de la langue. Nous montrons que la nature de l'application visée conditionne chacune des étapes de ce processus, depuis la constitution du corpus jusqu'à la structuration des connaissances

Using cross-lingual information to cope with underspecification in formal ontologies

Description logics and other formal devices are frequently used as means for preventing or detecting mistakes in ontologies. Some of these devices are also capable of inferring the existence of inter-concept relationships that have not been explicitly entered into an ontology. A prerequisite, however, is that this information can be derived from those formal definitions of concepts and relationships which are included within the ontology. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm that is able to suggest relationships among existing concepts in a formal ontology that are not derivable from such formal definitions. The algorithm exploits cross-lingual information that is implicitly present in the collection of terms used in various languages to denote the concepts and relationships at issue. By using a specific experimental design, we are able to quantify the impact of cross-lingual information in coping with underspecification in formal ontologies

Evaluation experiment of ontology tools’ interoperability with the WebODE ontology engineering workbench

This paper presents the results of the interoperability experiment proposed in EON2003, using the following ontology tools: Protégé-2000 and WebODE. We will show which knowledge is preserved and which knowledge is lost in the import/export processes between tools when using RDF(S) as an intermediate language

ODEDialect: a set of declarative languages for implementing ontology translation systems

Implementing ontology translation systems is a complex task that requires taking many types of translation decisions, which are usually hidden inside their source code. In order to ease building, maintaining and understanding ontology translation systems, we propose ODEDialect, a set of languages to express translation decisions declaratively and at different layers: lexical, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. This paper describes the three languages that comprise ODEDialect: ODELex, which allows expressing transformations in the lexical layer; ODESyntax, which allows expressing transformations in the syntax layer; and ODESem, which allows expressing transformations in the semantic and pragmatic layers