MINING BLOCK STABILITY PREDICTION BY THE MONTE CARLO METHOD

This paper analyses the stability of the mining blocks by the Monte Carlo method in Estonian oil shale mines, where the room-and-pillar mining system is used. The pillars are arranged in a singular grid. The oil shale bed is embedded at the depth of 40-75 m. The processes in overburden rocks and pillars have caused the subsidence of the ground surface. Visual Basic for Application was used for the modeling. Through Monte Carlo simulation, room-and-pillar stable parameters can be calculated. Model allows determination of the probability of spontaneous collapse of the pillars and surface subsidence by the parameters of registered collapsed mining blocks. Proposed method suits as an express-method for stability analysis and failure prognosis. It is applicable in different geological conditions, where the room-and-pillar mining system is used

Teen Births in South Dakota, 2006-2014

According to the Office of Adolescent Health at the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, the teen birth rate in the U.S. has dropped continuously over the past 20 years and dropped 10% nationwide between 2012 and 2013. In 2013, about 273,000 babies were born nationally to adolescent teens aged 15-19 years for a rate of 26.5/1,000 adolescent females. According to the data from the World Bank, the U.S. teen birth rate in 2010-14 was higher than that of many developed countries, including Canada, Japan, Australia, and the majority of European countries. Teen pregnancies are associated with negative outcomes for the mother, child, and society

South African congenital disorders data, 2006 - 2014

Background. The National Department of Health in South Africa (SA) routinely collects congenital disorder (CD) data for its national CD surveillance system. The current system has been implemented since 2006, but no reports on the data collected, methodology, achievements or challenges have been published to date.Objectives. To ascertain the effectiveness of the current national CD surveillance system and its implementation.Method. A descriptive, retrospective study using an audit of the current database was undertaken to evaluate the number of notifications received, types of CDs reported and the quality of reporting across SA for data received from 2006 to 2014.Results. A total of 14 571 notifications were received, including 13 252 CDs and 1 319 zero notifications, across all nine provinces. Commonly reported CDs included Down syndrome, cleft lip and palate, talipes equinovarus, neural tube defects and albinism.Conclusions. The major challenges identified included erratic compliance by health facilities and a lack of healthcare providers trained in human genetics related to CDs. This has led to misdiagnosed and undiagnosed CDs, collectively resulting in under-reporting of cases by >98% during the review period. Owing to limited human and financial resources, it is recommended that the surveillance system be modified into an electronic format. This should be piloted alongside relevant training in specific sentinel sites, to improve data coverage and quality for further evaluation

Changing clinical and therapeutic trends in tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas are characterized by a high hemorrhagic risk. We evaluated trends in outcomes and management of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas and performed a meta-analysis evaluating clinical and angiographic outcomes by treatment technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search for studies on surgical and endovascular treatment of tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas. We compared the proportion of patients undergoing endovascular, surgical, and combined endovascular/surgical management; the proportion of patients presenting with ruptured tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas; and proportion of patients with good neurologic outcome across 3 time periods: 1980-1995, 1996-2005, and 2006-2014. We performed a random-effects meta-analysis, evaluating the rates of occlusion, long-term good neurologic outcome, perioperative morbidity, and resolution of symptoms for the 3 treatment modalities. RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies with 274 patients were included. The proportion of patients treated with surgical treatment alone decreased from 38.7% to 20.4% between 1980-1995 and 2006-2014. The proportion of patients treated with endovascular therapy alone increased from 16.1% to 48.0%. The proportion of patients presenting with ruptured tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas decreased from 64.4% to 43.6%. The rate of good neurologic outcome increased from 80.7% to 92.9%. Complete occlusion rates were highest for patients receiving multimodality treatment (84.0%; 95% CI, 72.0%-91.0%) and lowest for endovascular treatment (71.0%; 95% CI, 56.0%-83.0%; P < .01). Long-term good neurologic outcome was highest in the endovascular group (89.0%; 95% CI, 80.0%-95.0%) and lowest for the surgical group (73.0%; 95% CI, 51.0%-87.0%; P < .03). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas are increasingly presenting with unruptured lesions, being treated endovascularly, and experiencing higher rates of good neurologic outcomes. Endovascular treatment was associated with superior neurologic outcomes but lower occlusion rate

Белорусская литература в журнале «Всесвіт»: контекст и интерпретация

Cтаття присвячена аналізу основних тенденцій сучасного літературного процесу в Білорусі на матеріалі публікацій у журналі «Всесвіт» (2006-2014). У надрукованих перекладах переважають мотиви свободи, державної незалежності, цінності особистого досвіду й переживання тощо. Твори білоруських авторів репрезентують ті соціально-культурні процеси оновлення, які відбуваються в БілорусіCтатья посвящена анализу основных тенденций современного литературного процесса в Белоруси на материале публикаций в журнале «Всесвіт» (2006-2014). В напечатанных переводах преобладают мотивы свободы, государственной независимости, ценности личного опыта и переживаний и т.п. Произведения белорусских авторов представляют социально-культурные изменения, происходящие в Белорус

ASPEK POLITIS LUMPUR LAPINDO SIDOARJO TAHUN 2006-2014

Perusahaan yang berada dalam naungan BPMIGAS adalah PT Lapindo Brantas. Perusahaan ini beroperasi semenjak 1999 di Porong, Sidoarjo. Letak geografis Sidoarjo sangat strategis dalam bidang industri. Pemilik saham terbesar adalah keluarga Aburizal Bakrie. Terjadinya peristiwa lumpur Lapindo pada 29 Mei 2006, telah membawa dampak besar bagi karir politik Aburizal Bakrie. Selain dampak politik, dampak lainnya juga terjadi di bidang ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan.Pencalonan Aburizal Bakrie sebagai ketua Partai Golkar membuat warga korban lumpur melakukan berbagai aksi demo. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk menuntut ganti rugi. Bakrie dinilai lebih mementingkan kepentingan politik daripada nasib korban lumpur yang diakibatkan oleh perusahaannya. Citra Aburizal Bakrie dan Golkar mulai menurun dengan banyaknya aksi demo. Dampak politis dari kasus lumpur Lapindo menjadi fokus utama penelitian.Rumusan Masalah penelitian ini adalah 1) apa penyebab semburan lumpur, 2) dampak ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan dan politik dari peristiwa lumpur, 3) upaya penanggulangan lumpur Lapindo. Tujuan penelitiannya adalah mengungkap penyebab semburan yang menjadi perdebatan, upaya-upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasinya serta mengetahui dampak yang muncul akibat semburan lumpur baik dari segi politik, ekonomi, sosial dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sejarah. Metode heuristik dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan berbagai sumber koran, jurnal, buku dan wawancara. Kritik untuk menyeleksi sumber yang valid. Interpretasi yaitu menghubungkan sumber dengan fakta untuk membuat analisis dan opini penulis, dan historiografi adalah penulisan.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian adalah penyebab semburan lumpur menjadi perdebatan, ada dua pendapat yaitu lumpur disebabkan oleh kesalahan prosedur pengeboran yang dilakukan PT Lapindo Brantas atau bencana alam. Meskipun Lapindo menyanggah bahwa penyebab lumpur adalah kesalahan pengeboran, namun pihak Lapindo dibantu pemerintah melakukan tanggungjawab sepenuhnya. Kontroversi terkait karir politik Aburizal Bakrie mulai merembet ke kasus lumpur Lapindo yang belum tuntas. Berbagai aksi demo yang dilakukan oleh korban lumpur terus menerus dilakukan. Sulitnya proses ganti rugi membuat warga melakukan demo untuk menarik simpati publik agar tidak mendukung Bakrie dalam karir politiknya. Unsur politik juga terlihat dari hasil putusan Mahkamah Agung yang menyatakan bahwa penyebab lumpur karena bencana alam dan pemerintah harus menggunakan dana APBN.Luapan lumpur Lapindo merusak sebagian insfrastruktur ekonomi di Sidoarjo. Kerugian akibat lumpur ditanggung oleh PT Lapindo Brantas, masyarakat dan pemerintah. Semburan lumpur juga menimbulkan masalah sosial dalam pengungsian para korban lumpur. Selain itu, lumpur mengakibatkan lingkungan sekitar rusak tercemar. Pemerintah membuat kebijakan melalui Surat Keputusan Presiden dan Peraturan Presiden untuk membentuk Timnas dan BPLS dalam upaya penanggulangan lumpur. Kata Kunci : Aspek Politis, Lumpur Lapindo, Sidoarj

Economía y política del modelo boliviano 2006-2014: evaluación preliminar

Bolivia suffered a profound political and socioeconomic change withinthe period 2006– 2014, shifted from a liberal development model to amixed economy. The State has a complete control of economic resourcesand main incomes of industry. The surplus generated by commoditiescontributed to the income distribution policy and also was used for fightingagainst poverty by a better education and health. The macroeconomicmodel was successful: the Bolivian economy grew at an average rate of4.6% yearly during the period 2006–2014 and registered a fiscal surplus,a positive trade balance and an increase in the volume of international reserves.Now the country has macroeconomic stability and low inflation.Bolivia sufrió un profundo cambio socioeconómico y político en el periodo 2006-2014, pasó de un modelo de crecimiento liberal a uno de economía mixta, donde el Gobierno juega un papel muy relevante en la economía. El Estado tiene un control completo de los recursos económicos y principales ingresos de la industria. El excedente generado por los commodities contribuyó a la política de distribución de ingreso y además fue utilizado para la lucha contra la pobreza a través de una mejor educación y salud. El modelo macroeconómico fue exitoso: la economía boliviana creció a una tasa promedio de 4.6 % anual durante el periodo 2006–2014 y registró un superávit fiscal, un blance comercial positivpo y un aumento en el volumen de reservas internacionales. Además, el país goza de estabilidad macroeconómica y baja inflación.

International trade competitiveness of andalusian agrifood activities 2006-2014

En un mundo cada vez más globalizado, mirar al exterior se convierte en una salida para una economía que encuentra su mercado interior mermado por la crisis económica. Andalucía no ha sido una excepción y ha puesto su mirada en los mercados exteriores ante el colapso del interior durante el periodo de crisis. Dado que el sector agroalimentario andaluz es uno de los más destacados de su economía, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal conocer el comportamiento de las exportaciones agroalimentarias andaluzas en relación con la UE-28 para el periodo 2006-2014. Para ello hemos tratado de descubrir el comportamiento de los sectores exportadores agroalimentarios intra y extra-UE (capítulos arancelarios 1 al 24), en función de su especialización exportadora y de su carácter competitivo o dinámico según la técnica shift–share; comprobando su relación con la cuota de mercado. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo hemos aplicado la técnica del análisis de los desplazamientos o análisis shift–share, y hallado la especialización y las cuotas de mercado. Sabiendo que toda agregación disminuye el conocimiento y el detalle, hemos desagregado cuatro capítulos arancelarios hasta los cuatro dígitos, lo que nos ha permitido un conocimiento más detallado de cada uno de dichos sectores, comprobando, que, al desagregar, nos encontramos con subsectores cuyo comportamiento individual puede presentar diferencias más o menos importantes respecto al sector agregado. En definitiva, un análisis de las exportaciones agroalimentarias andaluzas como el realizado nos permite mejorar el conocimiento del sector y, en consecuencia, poder detectar las fortalezas y debilidades del mismo.In an increasingly globalized world, looking out becomes a way out for an economy that its domestic market has been eroded by the economic crisis. Andalusia hasn’t been an exception and set its sights on foreign markets due to the collapse of its interior one during the crisis.Since the Andalusian agro-food sector is one of the highlights of its economy, this article's aim is "To know the behavior of Andalusian agro-food exports in relation to the EU-28 for 2006-2014 period". To do that we've tried to find out the behavior of EU and non-EU agrifood export sectors (tariff chapters 1 to 24), depending on their export specialization and its competitive and dynamic character using the “shift–share” technique; checking their relationship with the market share. To achieve that goal we applied the analysis of displacement technique or shift–share analysis, and found the expertise and market shares. Knowing that any aggregation reduces the knowledge and the detail, we have unbundled four tariff chapters to four digits, which has allowed us a detailed knowledge of each of those sectors, verifying that, by breaking down, there are subsectors whose Individual behavior may have differences, more or less significant, in the aggregate sector. In short, an analysis of the Andalusian agro-food exports like the one done allows us to improve the knowledge about the sector and thus to be able to detect that the strengths and weaknesses

Підготовка нафтових емульсій із підвищеним вмістом механічних домішок та стабілізаторів

Розглянуто проблему підготовки нафтових емульсій Охтирськоїгрупи родовищ НГВУ «Охтирканафто-газ» протягом 2006-2014 pp., проаналізовано зміну фізико-хімічних властивостей нафтових емульсій, підготовлених у 2006-2007 і 2013-2014 рр„ описано технологічні рішення, що були впроваджені для покращення умов підготовки нафтових емульсій із підвищеним вмістом механічних домішок і стабілізаторів.The problem of oil emulsion treatment at Okhtyrka fields group of Oil and Gas Production Department «Okhtyrkanafiogas» for 2006-2014 is studied. The changes in physical and chemical properties of oil emulsions treated in 2006-2007 and in 2013-2014 are analyzed, technological solutions implemented to improve treatment conditions of oil emulsions clearing with a high concentration of solids and stabilizers clearing are described