2011 Oregon Vineyard Report

This statewide survey report on vineyards in Oregon, produced separately from the report on Oregon wineries, covers bearing and nonbearing acres, size of vineyard operation, variety and county, size distribution, prices, and yields. The report also contains some comparisons of data for 2010 and 2011. According to this report, wine grape production rose 33% in 2011

2011 Oregon Winery Census Report

This statewide survey report on Oregon wineries, produced separately from the report on Oregon vineyards, covers crush, inventory, and sales. The report also contains some comparisons of data for 2010 and 2011. According to this report, the number of wineries increased, and more than two million cases were produced in 2011

Economic Inequalities and the Level of Decentralization in European Countries: Cluster Analysis

This submitted article identifies relations between the degree of decentralization and economic imbalances on the basis of a cluster (exploratory) analysis. Two indicators have been chosen for measuring economic inequalities: an indicator of dispersion of regional GDP per capita as representative of the performance imbalances within countries (it measures the economic development gap among regions in European countries); and a multidimensional inequality-adjusted human development index as representative of inequalities in the distribution of wealth in the countries. Decentralization is measured by means of a decentralization index, which contains both quantitative and qualitative components. Although groups of countries characterised by a high degree of decentralization do not necessarily show the lowest degrees of economic imbalances, it is however possible to conclude that the countries in groups with a higher degree of decentralization are among those countries with more favourable values of the economic imbalances indicators monitored. As a part of the research, two clusters of countries were identified which are identical in their degree of decentralization, but differ in the results connected with economic imbalances. The differences are caused by different institutional qualities in the two groups

Crisis, stimulus package and migration in China

Authors of this paper trace the influence of the 2008 global crisis and the impact of the subsequently implemented stimulus package on the characteristics of migrant flow in China until 2012. They analyze the consequences of the temporary but dramatic economic set-back on migrant employment and that of the booming investments incited by the stimulus package. The paper reveals that the set-back caused dramatic temporary rise of migrant unemployment; it also had regional character due to the coastal concentration of exports hit by the crisis, determining earlier the direction of migrant flow. Regional priorities of the stimulus package reinforced the redirection of migrants away from the coast towards central and western regions. Migration routes also shortened partly because migrants’s destination shifted closer to their home-town region and also by increasingly finding workplace within their own province during the researched period. The stimulus package restructured migrant routes of the pre-crisis period not only according to its regional priorities, but also according to sectoral priorities from manufacturing towards the construction sector. The restructuring, combined with increased number of migrants, shows both temporary and steady features as migrants adapt to the dynamics of the impact of the stimulus package and to respective economic reactions

Reducing Obesity: Policy Strategies From the Tobacco War

Outlines the impact of obesity on health, healthcare costs, and productivity. Reviews successful policy interventions to reduce tobacco use and considers whether excise or sales tax, labeling requirements, and advertising bans could lower obesity rates

Questions about the budget deficit of the U.S. have no easy answers

This Q&A on the federal deficit is a preview of the "Dialogue with the Fed" that the public is invited to Oct. 18 at the St. Louis Fed.Budget deficits

The economic crisis and its management in Spain

The long pre-crisis period of growth and employment creation in Spain was based mainly on the construction sector. This, facilitated by cheap bank loans created jobs for the millions of immigrants arriving in the country. The crisis made the Spanish economy sink into a deep recession in 2008. The aim of this article is to describe the Spanish crisis-management in the past years. The extremely high unemployment rate and the indebtedness made policy-makers to adopt austerity measures and realise the necessity of profound reforms. The biggest transformation processes began among the savings banks and on the labour market. The article concludes that these reforms should continue while it is necessary to find a new model for long-term growth. Endowments like the excellent infrastructure and successful companies, stronger export activity, international presence and innovation can provide the bases for such a durable growth.Spain, economic crisis, unemployment, labour market, fiscal policy, competitiveness