Metallicity determination of M dwarfs - Expanded parameter range in metallicity and effective temperature

Context. Reliable metallicity values for M dwarfs are important for studies of the chemical evolution and advancement of planet formation theory in low-mass environments. Historically the determination of stellar parameters of low-mass stars has been challenging due to the low surface temperature, causing several molecules to form in the photospheric layers. In our work we use the fact that infrared high-resolution spectrographs have opened up a new window for investigating M dwarfs. Aims. Metallicity determination using high-resolution spectra is more accurate than the use of low-resolution spectra, but rather time-consuming. In this paper we expand our sample analyzed with this precise method both in metallicity and effective temperature in order to build up a calibration sample for a future revised empirical calibration. Methods. Because of the relatively few molecular lines in the J-band, continuum rectification is possible for high-resolution spectra, allowing the stellar parameters to be determined with greater accuracy than using optical spectra. The metallicity was determined using synthetic spectral fitting of several atomic species. Results. We have analyzed sixteen targets, with a range of effective temperature from 3350-4550 K. The resulting metallicities lie between -0.5 < [M/H] < +0.4. A few targets have previously been analyzed using low-resolution spectra, and we find a rather good agreement with our values. A comparison with available photometric calibrations shows varying agreement, and the spread within all empirical calibrations is large. Conclusions. Including the targets from our previous paper, we have analyzed 28 M dwarfs using high-resolution infrared spectra. The targets spread approximately one dex in metallicity and 1400 K in effective temperature. For individual M dwarfs we achieve uncertainties of 0.05 dex and 100 K on average.Comment: 13 page

Metallicity determination of M dwarfs - High-resolution IR spectroscopy

Context. Several new techniques to determine the metallicity of M dwarfs with better precision have been developed over the last decades. However, most of these studies were based on empirical methods. In order to enable detailed abundance analysis, standard methods established for warmer solar-like stars, i.e. model-dependent methods using fitting of synthetic spectra, still need to be used. Aims. In this work we continue the reliability confirmation and development of metallicity determinations of M dwarfs using high- resolution infrared spectra. The reliability was confirmed though analysis of M dwarfs in four binary systems with FGK dwarf companions and by comparison with previous optical studies of the FGK dwarfs. Methods. The metallicity determination was based on spectra taken in the J band (1.1-1.4 {\mu}m) with the CRIRES spectrograph. In this part of the infrared, the density of stellar molecular lines is limited, reducing the amount of blends with atomic lines enabling an accurate continuum placement. Lines of several atomic species were used to determine the stellar metallicity. Results. All binaries show excellent agreement between the derived metallicity of the M dwarf and its binary companion. Our results are also in good agreement with values found in the literature. Furthermore, we propose an alternative way to determine the effective temperature of M dwarfs of spectral types later than M2 through synthetic spectral fitting of the FeH lines in our observed spectra. Conclusions. We have confirmed that a reliable metallicity determination of M dwarfs can be achieved using high-resolution infrared spectroscopy. We also note that metallicites obtained with photometric metallicity calibrations available for M dwarfs only partly agree with the results we obtain from high-resolution spectroscopy.Comment: 18 page

Spenarnas kondition i automatiska mjölkningssystem : en studie av två spensprayer

Two post milkning teat dips (PMTD´s) were compared in an automatic milking system at Kungsängen Research Farm, owned by SLU (Swedish University of Agriculture) in Uppsala. In the experiment an evaluation system was used where teat condition regarding skin and teat ends was graded according to a scale where 1 was the best score and 5 the worst. The evaluation period was almost six months in total devided into four minor experimental periods. The technician scoring the teats did not know which PMTD that was currently used. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between the two PMTD´s regarding teat skin condition, but not regarding teat ends. Trends within eperimental periods also suggested that one PMTD was preferable compared to the other as teat skin condition improved the longer that period lasted.Två spensprayer har jämförts i ett automatiskt mjölkningssystem för nötkreatur på Kungsängens försöksgård som ägs av SLU (Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet) i Uppsala. Spenarnas kondition avseende hud och spenspets poängsattes enligt en skala där 1 var bäst och 5 var sämst. Försökstiden uppgick till ca sex månader uppdelat på fyra försöksperioder. En och samma spenspray användes under en och samma försöksperiod. Poängsättaren visste inte vilken spenspray som användes under respektive försöksperiod. Statistisk analys visade en signifikant skillnad mellan de två spensprayerna beträffande spenhudskondition, men inte beträffande spenspetsar. Trender inom försöksperioderna indikerade även att den ena spensprayen var fördelaktig jämfört med den andra då spenhudskonditionen förbättrades ju lägre den perioden pågick

Close Encounters of the Digital Kind::A Research Agenda for the Digitalization of Public Services

This paper contributes to e-government research by presenting a review and discussion on how digitalization of public services has affected the interaction between citizens and government. We argue for a conceptualization and critical reflection on the nature of the underlying interaction between citizens and public officials - the public encounter - that digital public services are developed to support. We apply a qualitative and hermeneutic approach and illustrate that digital public services change public encounters concerning when, where, and how interactions occur, what each actor does, and the skills required of them. By relating these changes to emerging digital technologies (e.g. data mining, machine learning, sensor technology, and service automation), we illustrate that while these new technologies carry the potential to further digitalize service provision and fulfill the democratic goals of digital government, authorities can apply the same technology to restrict, control, and surveil citizens. Based on a critical discussion on what digitalization might entail for society, we identify problem areas arising from this development and propose a research agenda for understanding this phenomenon further. We raise questions and ethical concerns regarding accountability and reskilling of citizens and public officials as public service provision becomes citizen self-service.Funding Agencies|Swedish Transportation Administration; Research Center for Government IT</p

Посещение Самарского государственного медицинского университета сотрудниками ВГМУ

МЕДИЦИНСКИЕ ВУЗЫМЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ МЕДИЦИНСКОЕ /МЕТОДЫПРЕПОДАВАТЕЛИОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСССТОМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЕВ рамках реализации программы академической мобильности профессорско-преподавательского состава, в соответствии с договором о совместном сотрудничестве между Витебским государственным медицинским университетом и Самарским государственным медицинским университетом в период с 27 по 29 декабря 2016 года сотрудники кафедры терапевтической стоматологии ВГМУ посетили СамГМУ

Defining Honesty: A Qualitative Analysis of the Trait Honesty

A popular theoretical model in personality psychology is the Five Factor Model, or the Big Five. This model is structured to have five superordinate factors; Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientious, Neuroticism, and Openness (McCrae & Costa, 2003). Each of these factors includes numerous facets that contribute to each of the superordinate traits. However, there is some controversy over what these facets incorporate. For example, Agreeableness, according consists of straightforwardness, altruism, compliance, modesty, and tender-mindedness (Costa & McCrae, 1995). However, the factor of Agreeableness, as defined by the Big Five Model, lacks an important personality variable: honesty. Honesty can be conceptualized as acting in a manner consistent with ones values and beliefs in addition to telling the truth. It is displayed by someone who has a tendency to be fair and genuine towards others (Hilbig, Zettler, & Heydasch, 2011). Honesty has been viewed to be an important personality trait, as evidenced by honesty being consistently listed as one of the most desirable qualities in a romantic partner (citation). If honesty is such an important personality trait, it should be incorporated into a well-established model of personality. Although the Big Five does not incorporate honesty into the model, a different personality theory, the HEXACO (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness (versus Anger), Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience) model, has emerged which does factor in honesty. This theory is based on the lexical approach using data from different languages. The HEXACO model incorporates a sixth factor in addition to the factors included in the Big Five model. This additional trait has been labeled Honesty-Humility, which has been shown to be related to Agreeableness (Ashton & Lee, 2005). Research has shown that this model, with the inclusion of the Honesty-Humility trait, explains incremental variance beyond the classical five‐factor approach (Hilbig, Zettler, & Heydasch, 2011). Although the lexical approach, which investigates the importance of personality traits by looking at the presence of descriptive words for the trait within a given language (citation – I think Allport but double check), is a decent start, it does not address how individuals conceptualize the trait. The lexical approach only investigates whether or not there is a word present in language to explain the trait. Therefore, although the HEXACO model is a decent start at understanding the trait of honesty, it is important to investigate how regular people conceptualize honesty using empirical methods. Consequently, we used open-ended questions as a framework for identifying major themes related to the trait of honesty in the current study. 85 undergraduates participated in the online survey in exchange for course credit. The survey consisted of 8 open-ended questions inquiring into participants perceptions of honesty in addition to demographic questions. These questions asked participants to describe both honest and dishonest situations, as well as the qualities that both honest and dishonest people have. Therefore, we were able to address both individual differences and situational factors that contribute to the conceptualization of honesty. 12 members of the research team read through the responses and identified major themes and commonalities of honesty and dishonesty. The next step for this project is to create a quantitative measure of honesty based on the major themes generated from the open-ended questions and to determine how well this new measure aligns with the measure of honesty developed for the HEXACO model in addition to the Big Five Factor of Agreeableness. By incorporating how individuals conceptualize honesty into the development of the scale, we will be better able to understand the construct through further research

Attitydstudie kring avsättningar och kolinlagring

Sverige är till 69 % av landarealen täckt av skogsmark som ska räcka till många olika nyttor. Det finns delade meningar hur skogen ska brukas och på vilket sätt skogen bäst bidrar till både miljöändamål och klimatnytta. Detta i form av bland annat biologisk mångfald och kolinlagring. Denna uppsats behandlar attityder hos ett urval av privata enskilda skogsägare rörande olika avsättningar som finns idag och nya styrmedel kring kolinlagring. Ämnet ansågs intressant då cirka hälften av skogsmarken i Sverige ägs av just privata enskilda skogsägare. Respondenternas svar kategoriseras utifrån de fyra typologierna, altruist, moralist, egoist och negativist, som baseras på mänskligt beteende. Resultatet visar att de privata enskilda skogsägarnas attityder mot generella avsättningar i Sverige är positiv, förutom när de gäller på deras egen skogsmark. Ett nytt styrmedel gällande kolinlagring visade positiva attityder både för kolinlagring i Sverige och på skogsägarens egen skogsmark. Kolinlagring kan ge mer positiva attityder då det är ett nytt fenomen som inte är beprövat till skillnad från avsättningar. Slutsatsen är att de privata enskilda skogsägarna som deltagit i undersökningen, till en majoritet, är altruister. Fortsatta studier kring både kolinlagring som ger nya möjligheter men även om problematiken gällande avsättningarna som finns idag bör göras för att ge en djupare förståelse.Approximately 69 % of Swedens landarea is covered by forest land, which needs to be sufficient for many different purposes and industries. There are various opinions on how the forest should be used and in what way the forest best contributes to environmental sustainability, such as biodiversity and carbon storage. The current study explores attitudes of a sample of non-industrial private forest owners regarding different provisions that are used today and a new policy for carbon storage. This was considerd intressting to investigate since half of the forests in Sweden are owned by non-industrial private forest owners. The participants’ responses have been categorised into four typologies based on human behaviour. These typologies are altruist, moralist, egoist and negativist. The result shows that the non-industrial private forest owners’ attitudes regarding provisions in Sweden are generally good, however, with an exception when they applied it to their own forest land. Furthermore, a new policy for carbon storage showed positive attitudes both when it comes to forest generally in Sweden and for their own forest land. Carbon storage could possibly enhance the positive attitudes further since it is a new phenomenon which yet is to be tried unlike provisions of forest. To sum up, non-industrial private forest owners who participated in this study are primarily altruists. Moreover, it is suggested to perform further studies on both carbon storage as a new policy but also the problems regarding provisions that occur today to gain a deeper understanding