Design of Casocidin-II Mutation Variants as Antibacterial Candidates against Helicobacter pylori using Bioinformatic Approaches

Helicobacter pylori infects about 50% of the global population, with high prevalence in Indonesia, particularly in East Nusa Tenggara (51.4%) and Papua (30.7%). If untreated, this infection can cause gastritis, ulcers, and even gastric cancer. Due to rising antibiotic resistance to this bacterium, alternative treatments are needed. Casocidin-II, an antimicrobial peptide from cows milk (Bos taurus), has antibacterial potential but it is unstable in acidic environments, making it ineffective against H. pylori, which colonizes in the stomach. This research aims to design and analyze Casocidin-II mutations using bioinformatic approaches to improve stability without reducing antibacterial activity. Mutations were conducted using I-Mutant 2.0, and structural modeling was done with PEP-FOLD4. Physicochemical properties were analyzed with ExPASy, and the binding affinity to H. pylori BabA receptor was evaluated using HADDOCK. Molecular interactions were visualized with ChimeraX. Eight stable Casocidin- II mutants (CAS1–CAS8) were identified, with CAS3 and CAS5 showing the best stability, hydrophilicity, and aliphatic index. Docking results showed CAS3 and CAS7 had the highest binding affinities, -121.70 kcal/mol and -123.24 kcal/mol, respectively. CAS3, with the sequence KTKLTVEEKNRLNFLKKISQRYQKFALPQYLKTVYQHQK, was the most effective in inhibiting H. pylori growth and is a strong candidate for further laboratory testing. Besides its high affinity and activity, CAS3’s amino acid profile enhaces target binding and membrane penetration. This research demonstrates that bioinformatics can be used in designing mutation varians to enhance peptide stability and antibacterial properties. CAS3 is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for H. pylori treatment, pending further experimental validation

Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis Klasifikasi Access pada Pasien Bedah Obstetri-Ginekologi (Obgyn)

Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat dan berlebih merupakan penyebab utama resistensi antibiotik. Unit bedah merupakan salah satu unit dengan pemakaian antibiotik yang tinggi, salah satunya adalah jenis bedah Obstetri-Ginekologi (obgyn). Pemerintah telah menetapkan indikator mutu nasional dan mewajibkan seluruh rumah sakit untuk menerapkan Program Penatagunaan Antibiotik (antibiotics stewardship) dengan mengelompokkan antibiotik dalam kategori AWaRe : Access, Watch dan Reserve. Evaluasi penggunaan antibiotik merupakan salah satu indikator mutu program pengendalian resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis pada pasien Obstetri-Ginekologi (obgyn) dengan metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) dan Drug Utilization (DU) 90%, serta mengevaluasi kesesuaian berdasarkan Pedoman Penggunaan Antibiotik (PPAB) dan Formularium Nasional (FORNAS). Studi observasional retrospektif dilakukan pada 118 pasien Obgyn di sebuah rumah sakit di Surabaya selama Mei- Juni 2024. Hasil menunjukkan 100% pasien menerima antibiotik profilaksis dengan total 55,51 DDD/100 hari rawat. Penggunaan antibiotik didominasi kategori Access (54,5%), namun Ceftriaxone (Watch) paling sering digunakan (16,25 DDD/100 hari rawat). Analisis DU 90% mengidentifikasi empat jenis antibiotik yang diurutkan dari persentase terbanyak: Ceftriaxone (29,28%), Metronidazole (26,48%), Cefazolin (26,26%), dan Cefixime (14,30%). Evaluasi kepatuhan PPAB menunjukkan kesesuaian jenis dan dosis (100%) tinggi, tetapi kesesuaian waktu penyuntikan (46,7%) dan durasi pemberian (75,6%) rendah.   Inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics is the main cause of antibiotic resistance. The surgical unit is one of the sections with high antibiotic use, one of which is the Obstetrics-Gynecology (obgyn) surgical procedure. The government has set national quality indicators and requires all hospitals to implement an Antibiotics Stewardship program by grouping antibiotics into the AWaRe categories: Access, Watch, and Reserve. Evaluation of antibiotic use is one of the quality indicators of the antibiotic resistance control program. This study aims to analyze the pattern of prophylactic antibiotic use in Obstetrics-Gynecology (obgyn) patients using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) and Drug Utilization (DU) 90% methods and evaluate the suitability based on the Antibiotic Use Guidelines (PPAB) and National Formulary (FORNAS). A retrospective observational study was conducted on 118 patients at a hospital in Surabaya in May-June 2024. The results showed that 100% of patients received prophylactic antibiotics with 55.51 DDD/100 bed-days. Antibiotic use was dominated by the Access group (54.5%), but Ceftriaxone (Watch) was the most frequently used 16.25 DDD/100 bed-days. DU 90% analysis identified four main antibiotics: Ceftriaxone (29.28%), Metronidazole (26.48%), Cefazolin (26.26%), and Cefixime (14.30%). PPAB compliance evaluation showed the appropriate type and dose (100%) high, but time (46.7%) and duration of administration (75.6%) low

Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Daun Tigaron (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) terhadap Bakteri Shigella dysentriae dan Salmonella typhi

Tigaron (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak tersebar di pulau Kalimantan. Secara tradisional tumbuhan ini dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk membantu mengobati diare yang disebabkan oleh bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui golongan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etil asetat daun tigaron (C. religiosa G.Forst) terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi. Metode yang digunakan ialah difusi sumuran dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 0,31 mg/mL; 1,55 mg/mL; 7,75mg/mL; 38,75 mg/mL dan 193,75 mg/mL. Ciprofloxacin 5 μg/disk digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan Na-CMC 0,5% sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian pada konsentrasi tertinggi 193,75 mg/mL terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae menunjukkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat sebesar 17,98 mm dan pada bakteri Salmonella typhi sebesar 14,38 mm. Seluruh data diuji dengan Mann Whitney, didapatkan semua konsentrasi ekstrak etil asetat berbeda signifikan terhadap kontrol positif (p<0,05). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etil asetat daun tigaron (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Shigella dysenteriae dan Salmonella typhi namun nilainya berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol positif.   Tigaron (Crateva religiosa G. Forst) is a plant widely distributed across the island of Kalimantan. Traditionally, this plant has been utilized by local communities to help treat diarrhea, which can be caused by bacterial infections. This study aims to identify the classes of secondary metabolite compounds contained in the plant and to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of tigaron (Crateva religiosa G. Forst) leaves against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi. The method used was the well diffusion assay with extract concentrations of 0.31 mg/mL, 1.55 mg/mL, 7.75 mg/mL, 38.75 mg/mL, and 193.75 mg/mL. Ciprofloxacin 5 μg/disk was used as the positive control and 0.5% Na-CMC as the negative control. The results showed that at the highest concentration of 193.75 mg/mL, the ethyl acetate extract produced an average inhibition zone diameter of 17.98 mm against Shigella dysenteriae and 14.38 mm against Salmonella typhi. All data were tested using Mann-Whitney, and all concentrations of ethyl acetate extract were significantly different from the positive control (p≥0.05). This indicates that the ethyl acetate extract of tigaron leaves (Crateva religiosa G.Forst) has antibacterial activity against Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhi, but the value is significantly different from the positive control

Luka Gigitan Buaya: Tata Laksana Berkesinambungan dari Pra-Rumah Sakit ke Rumah Sakit

Abstract—East Kalimantan Province is a tropical region with rivers that serve as habitats for various wildlife, including crocodiles. The province has a relatively high incidence of human–crocodile conflicts. Crocodile bites often result in extensive wounds with a high risk of infection. Hypovolemic or septic shock represents a medical emergency that requires careful attention in such cases. Crocodile bite injuries can significantly reduce quality of life due to tissue damage, chronic pain, and impaired limb function, leading to limited activity and decreased social participation. Prompt, appropriate, and continuous management is essential to prevent complications and mortality.  Keywords: crocodile bite, continuity of care, wound   Abstrak—Provinsi Kalimantan Timur merupakan daerah tropis dengan sungai yang menjadi habitat dari banyak satwa, salah satunya buaya. Kalimantan Timur memiliki konflik antara buaya dan manusia yang cukup tinggi. Luka gigitan buaya sering kali menyebabkan luka yang luas dengan risiko infeksi yang cukup tinggi. Keadaan syok hipovolemik atau syok septik merupakan kegawatdaruratan yang perlu diperhatikan pada kasus gigitan buaya. Luka gigitan buaya dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup akibat kerusakan jaringan, nyeri kronis, dan gangguan fungsi anggota tubuh yang berdampak pada keterbatasan aktivitas serta penurunan partisipasi sosial. Pertolongan yang cepat, tepat, dan berkesinambungan merupakan modalitas utama dalam pencegahan komplikasi dan kematian. Kata kunci: gigitan buaya, luka, perawatan berkesinambunga

Formulation of Lempuyang Essential Oil Lotion (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) as a Mosquito Repellent

Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, pose a significant public health threat in Indonesia, with cases increasing to 400,000 in 2023. This study focuses on developing a natural mosquito repellent lotion using lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith) essential oil, known for its insecticidal properties, as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to synthetic repellents. The objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate a mosquito repellent lotion using lempuyang essential oil at varying concentrations (5%, 10%, and 15%) and assess its physical properties, safety, and repellent efficacy. Lempuyang essential oil was extracted via steam distillation from fresh rhizomes. Lotion formulations were prepared with different oil concentrations and evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, emulsion type, pH, spreadability, and stability. Skin irritation tests were conducted and mosquito repellent efficacy was tested using Culex sp. mosquitoes in a controlled environment. The essential oil extraction via steam distillation yielded 0.4% oil from fresh lempuyang rhizomes, producing a pale yellowish-white oil. All lotion formulations exhibited desirable organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and spreadability (5–7 cm), with pH levels (6.18–7.46) suitable for skin application. Stability tests confirmed no changes in appearance, color, or odor over four weeks. Irritation tests showed no adverse reactions, confirming the lotion’s safety. The 15% formulation demonstrated the highest mosquito repellent efficacy, providing 82.45% protection, outperforming the 5% and 10% formulations. These results highlight the 15% lempuyang essential oil lotion as a promising, natural, and safe mosquito repellent.   Submitted: 23-03-2025, Revised: 16-04-2025, Accepted: 21-04-2025, Published regularly: June 202

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI CONSUMER'S PURCHASE BEHAVIOUR TERHADAP PRODUK CLOTHING ERIGO DI INDONESIA

Abstract—This study aims to understand several factors that influence the purchasing behavior of Erigo consumers in Indonesia. The object used in this study is the level of purchase of Erigo clothing products in Indonesia. The data contained in the study were processed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) research model through AMOS version 24.0 software. The results showed that the factors of brand consciousness, brand awareness, and brand nationality have a positive and significant effect on consumer's purchase behavior. The factors of brand consciousness and brand nationality have no effect on brand awareness in this study. The brand schematicity factor also has no effect on consumer's purchase behavior. Keywords: consumer’s purchase behaviour, brand awareness, brand schematicity, fashion clothing brands, clothing product   Abstrak—Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku pembelian konsumen Erigo di Indonesia. Objek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu tingkat pembelian produk clothing Erigo di Indonesia. Data yang terdapat dalam penelitian diolah dengan menggunakan model penelitian Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) melalui software AMOS versi 24.0. Penelitian ini mencakup 150 responden dengan karakteristik konsumen produk clothing Erigo sebagai data primer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor brand consciousness, brand awareness, dan brand nationality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap consumer’s purchase behaviour. Faktor brand consciousness dan brand nationality tidak berpengaruh terhadap brand awareness dalam penelitian ini. Faktor brand schematicity juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap consumer’s purchase behaviour. Kata kunci: consumer’s purchase behaviour, brand awareness, brand schematicity, fashion clothing brands, clothing produc

Optimasi Kombinasi Polimer Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa K4M dan Natrium Karboksimetil Selulosa pada Formula Patch Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) telah terbukti memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri karena memiliki kandungan senyawa berupa saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dalam penggunaannya, ekstrak diformulasikan dalam bentuk patch. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi antara polimer hidroksi propil metil selulosa (HPMC) K4M serta natrium karboksi metil selulosa (CMC-Na) terhadap karakteristik fisik patch ekstrak daun alpukat. Penelitian diawali dengan skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun alpukat berupa uji alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Optimasi formula patch dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HPMC K4M dan CMC-Na pada konsentrasi 0–3% dengan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) menggunakan software Design Expert 13. Kemudian dilakukan uji sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, bobot, pH, ketebalan, ketahanan lipat, dan swelling index, untuk menentukan formula terbaik. Verifikasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil uji sifat fisik prediksi software dengan hasil pengujian di laboratorium menggunakan one sample t-test dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum yaitu dengan perbandingan HPMC K4M sebesar 2,325% dan CMC-Na sebesar 0,675%. Kombinasi polimer HPMC K4M dan CMC-Na secara signifikan dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan lipat, ketebalan, pH, dan bobot; namun tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai swelling index patch ekstrak daun alpukat. Hasil verifikasi formula optimum menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara nilai prediksi program dengan hasil percobaan (sig 2-tailed > 0,05), sehingga menunjukkan bahwa model prediksi efektif dalam menghasilkan formula yang dapat memberikan sifat fisik patch sesuai yang diinginkan.   Avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) has been proven to have the ability to inhibit bacterial growth because of the active compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. To improve comfort in its use, the extract was formulated in the form of a patch. The focus of this study was to assess how the combination of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M polymers and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC-Na) affects the characteristics of the physical properties of patches made from avocado leaf extract. The study began with phytochemical screening of avocado leaf extract in the form of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin tests. Patch formula optimization was carried out by varying the concentration of HPMC K4M and CMC-Na (0–3%) using the Simplex Lattice Design method in Design Expert 13 software. The patch preparation was tested for physical properties including organoleptic tests, weight, pH, thickness, folding resistance, and swelling index, to determine the best formula. After that, verification was carried out by comparing the results of the software predicted physical properties test with the results of laboratory tests using a one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. This study showed that the optimum formula was with a comparative concentration of HPMC K4M of 2.325% and CMC-Na of 0.675%. The combination of HPMC K4M and CMC-Na polymers was found to have significantly affected the folding resistance, thickness, pH, and weight, but did not show a significant effect on their swelling index value of avocado leaf extract patches. The results of the optimum formula verification showed no significant difference between the program predicted values and the experimental results (sig 2-tailed > 0.05), thus indicating that the prediction model was effective in producing a formula that could provide the desired physical properties of the patch

Virtual Screening, ADMET Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Approach in the Discovery of Novel Potential Sweetening Agent

This study presents a comprehensive in silico approach aimed at discovering novel artificial sweetener candidates through an integration of shape-based virtual screening, taste classification, ADMET evaluation, homology modeling, and molecular docking. Using saccharin as a template, compounds were screened from a large high-throughput database employing vROCS software, followed by taste prediction via VirtualTaste and Virtuous Sweet/Bitter. Two promising candidates were identified with Compound 1 exhibiting superior binding affinity against a homology-modeled human T1R2-T1R3 receptor, as evidenced by its docking score of –77.81 kcal/mol. ADMET analysis further revealed favorable pharmacokinetic properties for the compounds, suggesting their potential as safer non-caloric sweeteners. The integrative strategy not only streamlines candidate selection but also underlines the utility of molecular modeling in food science. Nevertheless, experimental validation and sensory evaluation are needed to confirm these findings and establish the compounds’ efficacy and safety profiles. These promising results encourage further in vitro and in vivo studies

Transdisciplinary Approaches To Developing A Mice Tourism Model Based On Local Cultural Heritage: A Case Study Of Binh Duong

Purpose: This study aims to develop a culturally grounded Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions (MICE) tourism model for Thanh Hoi and Bach Dang islands in Binh Duong, Vietnam. Although both islands possess rich tangible and intangible heritage—from archaeological sites and ancient communal houses to pomelo orchards and wartime narratives—they have yet to feature in formal tourism circuits. The novelty lies in employing a transdisciplinary co-design approach, involving academic researchers, local residents, cultural officers, and tourism businesses. Method: The study employed Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) workshops with community members, semi-structured interviews with 35 stakeholders (including local authorities and tourism providers), and field observations. The conceptual framework integrated systems knowledge, target knowledge, and transformation knowledge, analyzed using thematic coding and comparative stakeholder analysis. Result: Key findings reveal that while the islands have high cultural tourism potential, development is hindered by infrastructure gaps (internet, event venues), fragmented branding, and limited service capacity. Stakeholders proposed innovative MICE products—such as agro-heritage retreats and river-ecology workshops. The study concludes that a stakeholder-driven, heritage-based MICE model can position these rural islands as distinctive destinations. Future research should test the model’s scalability in similar riverine heritage sites across Southeast Asia

Perancangan Self Order Machine untuk Optimalisasi Layanan Digital Printing

Industri digital printing mengalami pertumbuhan signifikan karena permintaan layanan yang cepat, fleksibel, dan berkualitas tinggi. Namun, sistem pemesanan manual masih menghadirkan tantangan, seperti antrian panjang, kesalahan pencatatan, dan keterbatasan kapasitas layanan, yang berdampak pada kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut melalui penerapan self-service machine yang dirancang dengan antarmuka pengguna (UI) dan pengalaman pengguna (UX) optimal. Metode penelitian meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan alur penggunaan (user flow), wireframe, dan landing page. Hasil dari rancangan ini menghasilkan sistem pemesanan mandiri yang lebih efisien, mengurangi waktu tunggu, meningkatkan akurasi pemesanan, dan memudahkan pelanggan dalam proses pemesanan. Self-Service machine  ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan dan daya saing perusahaan di industri digital printing