Optimasi Kombinasi Polimer Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa K4M dan Natrium Karboksimetil Selulosa pada Formula Patch Ekstrak Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

Abstract

Ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) telah terbukti memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri karena memiliki kandungan senyawa berupa saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan tanin. Untuk meningkatkan kenyamanan dalam penggunaannya, ekstrak diformulasikan dalam bentuk patch. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kombinasi antara polimer hidroksi propil metil selulosa (HPMC) K4M serta natrium karboksi metil selulosa (CMC-Na) terhadap karakteristik fisik patch ekstrak daun alpukat. Penelitian diawali dengan skrining fitokimia ekstrak daun alpukat berupa uji alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin. Optimasi formula patch dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi HPMC K4M dan CMC-Na pada konsentrasi 0–3% dengan metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) menggunakan software Design Expert 13. Kemudian dilakukan uji sifat fisik meliputi uji organoleptis, bobot, pH, ketebalan, ketahanan lipat, dan swelling index, untuk menentukan formula terbaik. Verifikasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan hasil uji sifat fisik prediksi software dengan hasil pengujian di laboratorium menggunakan one sample t-test dengan taraf kepercayaan 95%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa formula optimum yaitu dengan perbandingan HPMC K4M sebesar 2,325% dan CMC-Na sebesar 0,675%. Kombinasi polimer HPMC K4M dan CMC-Na secara signifikan dapat mempengaruhi ketahanan lipat, ketebalan, pH, dan bobot; namun tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap nilai swelling index patch ekstrak daun alpukat. Hasil verifikasi formula optimum menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara nilai prediksi program dengan hasil percobaan (sig 2-tailed > 0,05), sehingga menunjukkan bahwa model prediksi efektif dalam menghasilkan formula yang dapat memberikan sifat fisik patch sesuai yang diinginkan.   Avocado leaf extract (Persea americana Mill.) has been proven to have the ability to inhibit bacterial growth because of the active compounds such as saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins. To improve comfort in its use, the extract was formulated in the form of a patch. The focus of this study was to assess how the combination of hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) K4M polymers and sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC-Na) affects the characteristics of the physical properties of patches made from avocado leaf extract. The study began with phytochemical screening of avocado leaf extract in the form of alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin tests. Patch formula optimization was carried out by varying the concentration of HPMC K4M and CMC-Na (0–3%) using the Simplex Lattice Design method in Design Expert 13 software. The patch preparation was tested for physical properties including organoleptic tests, weight, pH, thickness, folding resistance, and swelling index, to determine the best formula. After that, verification was carried out by comparing the results of the software predicted physical properties test with the results of laboratory tests using a one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. This study showed that the optimum formula was with a comparative concentration of HPMC K4M of 2.325% and CMC-Na of 0.675%. The combination of HPMC K4M and CMC-Na polymers was found to have significantly affected the folding resistance, thickness, pH, and weight, but did not show a significant effect on their swelling index value of avocado leaf extract patches. The results of the optimum formula verification showed no significant difference between the program predicted values and the experimental results (sig 2-tailed > 0.05), thus indicating that the prediction model was effective in producing a formula that could provide the desired physical properties of the patch