Analisis Jaringan Pipa Transmisi Air Bersih Kecamatan Kandis

The need for clean water in Kecamatan Kandis increases with population growth. The community of kecamatan kandis utilizes water source from rain water and Samsam River water. The water obtained will be transmitted to the IPA to be processed into clean water. The minimum plunge of Samsam River was obtained at 217.89 liters / sec. The net water demand after 20 years is 127 liters / sec. In this research, the plan of raw water transmission pipeline system is divided into two networks that will be simulated with EPANET program. Old network along 14674.54 meters and new network along 33708,86 meters by using HDPE pipe. The head and debit values obtained from the simulated results determine which pump to use. This pump is a type of Grundfos type 2 pole pump. This transmission network simulation is expected to be a guide in PDAM planning in Kecamatan Kandis

Simulasi Pipa Transmisi Air Baku dari Sumber Air Sungai Jurong 2 ke PDAM Tirta Dharma Duri

Waters demand in District of Mandau is a concern because of population growth and increasing water shortages in the dry season . Therefore, needed a new alternative source of raw water to meet water needs in District of Mandau deep water channel of a new raw water source required transmission pipelines to the water treatment plant. Then the required study of several alternative raw water transmission pipeline system. The results of this study can be concluded from the results of population projections obtained percentage of water services in 2013 amounted to 24 %, in 2017 amount 29 %, in 2022 amount 30 %, in 2027 amount 35%, in 2032 amount 53 %. Water demand planning used 4 alternate with 4 different discharge to increase the supply of raw water supply in District of Mandau which only amounted to 80 liters/sec. Simulation of the raw water transmission system for District of Mandau obtained is expected to be a guide in the planning pipeline for PDAM Tirta Dharma transmission Duri

Cost Efficiency and Scale Economies of Japanese Water Utilities

With the data of 831 Japanese water utilities from 1999 to 2008, we used the stochastic cost frontier analysis with a true fixed-effect model in order to estimate the cost efficiency and scale economies. We found that cost inefficiency was approximately 37%. The economies of water delivery volume were observed and found to be remarkably higher for small water utilities than for large ones. Scale economies were also discovered in small water utilities; however, scale diseconomies are likely to be incurred in larger water utilities. The optimal supply population size of a water utility is estimated to be 85,658 consumers, with a water delivery volume of 15.7 million m3 and a network length of 522 km.Cost Efficiency, Scale Economies, Optimal Size, Japanese Water Utilities

Skagit County Centennial Trail Extension Environmental Impact Statement

Skagit County Parks and Recreation Department has acquired 255 acres of land with the help of Skagit Land Trust and private donors for the purpose of extending the Centennial Trail system, which is currently located throughout Snohomish County. The purpose of the acquisition of these land parcels is to 1) install a new water transmission pipeline from Judy Reservoir (a project done by Skagit Public Utility District) and 2) install a 2.5 mile walking trail on top of the pipeline extending from Clear Lake to Big Rock. This document serves as an analysis of the environmental impacts of the trail installation

LUCIDPIPE™ POWER SYSTEM

In most gravity fed water transmission pipelines, it is desired to reduce excess pressure head to prevent undue strain on a pipeline and lower the incidence of leaks. Normally this is done with pressure reducing valves that essentially burn off this excess pressure as heat. The LucidPipe™ system converts it to low cost electricity thereby removing unwanted pressure and generating energy at the same time - energy that can be put used behind the grid or put back on the grid. The LucidPipe™ system extracts a small percentage of pressure head providing nearly invisible operation allowing water operators to fulfill their primary mission of delivering water to consumers. Because the LucidPipe™ system extracts only a small percentage of pressure head when operating, and about 1 psi of pressure head when stopped, it is virtually invisible in a pipe network and can be placed directly in-line without the need of a bypass for the turbine. Traditional hydropower turbines effectively halt the flow of water when stopped, and can cause dangerous water hammer when grid power is disconnected so they must be placed in a bypass to not interrupt the safe delivery of water. Also, traditional hydropower turbines operate in a narrow band of pressures and flows whereas the LucidPipe™ system has a wide operating range typically found in municipal water transmission system. The LucidPipe™ system adjusts to meet the demands of water delivery rather than a water operator having to adjust the water to meet the demands of the turbine

รูปแบบการติดตั้งท่อแอร์แวต่ออัตราการไหลของน้ำ: จากภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่นสู่กิจกรรมสะเต็มศึกษา

Installation and Configuration of the Air Ware Tubes on the Volumetric Flow Rate of Water: A STEM Activity Based on Local Wisdom   Pattawan Narjaikaew, Satit chaodon and Jatuporn Sarathanong   รับบทความ: 17 เมษายน 2566; แก้ไขบทความ: 12 กรกฎาคม 2566; ยอมรับตีพิมพ์: 24 กรกฎาคม 2566; ตีพิมพ์ออนไลน์: 21 พฤศจิกายน 2566    บทคัดย่อ แอร์แวเป็นท่อน้ำปลายปิดที่เกษตรกรไทยนิยมนำมาติดตั้งในระบบสูบส่งน้ำเพื่อช่วยเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพการสูบน้ำ การศึกษานี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อเปรียบเทียบผลของอัตราการไหลของปริมาตรน้ำระหว่างที่ไม่มีการต่อท่อแอร์แวร์กับมีการติดตั้งท่อแอร์แวที่ความสูง 0.5 1.0 และ 1.5 เมตร จำนวน 1 และ 2 ท่อผ่านระบบส่งน้ำที่ระยะทางการส่งน้ำ 20 40 และ 60 เมตร ผลการวิเคราะห์ความแปร-ปรวนทางเดียว พบว่า อัตราการไหลของปริมาตรน้ำที่ปลายท่อที่ระยะการส่งเท่ากันจากการติดตั้งท่อแอร์แวระยะการส่งละ 16 รูปแบบไม่แตกต่างกัน เมื่อเปรียบเทียบระยะทางการส่ง 20 40 และ 60 เมตร พบว่า อัตราการไหลของน้ำแตกต่างกัน เมื่อระยะทางการส่งเพิ่มขึ้น อัตราการไหลของน้ำจะลดลง เมื่อติดตั้งท่อแอร์แวในระบบส่งน้ำที่ใช้อุปกรณ์สูบน้ำแบบมือชักพบว่าแรงที่ใช้ในการส่งน้ำในระบบน้อยกว่าแรงที่ใช้กรณีไม่มีการติดตั้งท่อแอร์แวอย่างชัดเจน ท่อแอร์แวเสมือนทำหน้าที่กักเก็บอากาศที่ปนมากับน้ำทำให้น้ำไหลสะดวกขึ้น การติดตั้งท่อแอร์แวในระบบส่งน้ำนอกจากเป็นทางเลือกให้เกษตรกรในการยืดอายุการทำงานของปั๊มน้ำแล้วยังสามารถนำไปจัดเป็นกิจกรรมการเรียนรู้แบบสะเต็มศึกษาเพื่อส่งเสริมการเรียนรู้ได้อีกทางเลือกหนึ่ง คำสำคัญ:  ท่อแอร์แว, อัตราการไหลของน้ำ, ภูมิปัญญาท้องถิ่น   Abstract Air Ware is a vertical tube, closed at one end that Thai farmers have widely installed in the water pumping system to improve the efficiency of water pumping. This study aimed to compare the volumetric flow rate of water in passing through different installing configurations of the Air Ware in a water supply system. Firstly, the volumetric flow rate of water was measured while no Air Wares were installed. Then the Air Wares at the height of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 meters were vertically installed in a water supply system with 1 and 2 tubes. The results of one–way analysis of variance indicated that the water flow rate from 16 installing types of Air Ware configurations in each distance water transmission pipeline were not different. Comparing the transmission distances of 20, 40 and 60 meters found that the water flow rates were different. The greater the transmission distance, the lower the water flow rate. Installing Air Wares in a water transfer system using a hand pump was found that the force used to move water was clearly less than the force used in the absence of the Air Wares installations. The Air Wares acts as it detain air bubbles in the water, making the water flow more easily. The installation of the Air Wares in the water transfer system is not only an option for farmers to extend the service life of the water pump but also can be used as a STEM learning activity for promoting learning. Keywords: Air Ware tube, Volumetric flow rate of water, Local wisdo

Flow regime identification for air valves failure evaluation in water pipelines using pressure data

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via the DOI in this recordAir valve failure can cause air accumulation and result in a loss of carrying capacity, pipe vibration and even in some situations a catastrophic failure of water transmission pipelines. Air is most likely to accumulate in downward sloping pipes, leading to flow regime transition in these pipes. The flow regime identification can be used for fault diagnosis of air valves, but has received little attention in previous research. This paper develops a flow regime identification method that is based on support vector machines (SVMs) to evaluate the operational state of air valves in freshwater/potable pipelines using pressure signals. The laboratory experiments are set up to collect pressure data with respect to the four common flow regimes: bubbly flow, plug flow, blow-back flow and stratified flow. Two SVMs are constructed to identify bubbly and plug flows and validated based on the collected pressure data. The results demonstrate that pressure signals can be used for identifying flow regimes that represent the operational state (functioning or malfunctioning) of air valves. Among several signal features, Power Spectral Density and Short-Zero Crossing Rate are found to be the best indictors to classify flow regimes by SVMs. The sampling rate and time of pressure signals have significant influence on the performance of SVM classification. With optimal SVM features and pressure sampling parameters the identification accuracies exceeded 93% in the test cases. The findings of this study show that the SVM flow regime identification is a promising methodology for fault diagnosis of air valve failure in water pipelines.National Natural Science Foundation of Chin

Perencanaan Sistem Jaringan Transmisi Dan Instalasi Pengolahan Air Bersih Desa Datah Diaan Mendalam Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu

Desa Datah Diaan Mendalam kecamatan Putussibau Utara yang terletak di kabupaten Kapuas Hulu provinsi Kalimantan Barat merupakan desa yang belum memiliki jaringan pipa transmisi air dan pengolahan air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang bangunan intake terapung, Jaringan pipa transmisi dan instalasi pengolahan air bersih desa Datah Diaan. Metode yang dilakukan dalam menganalisis ketersediaan air bersih pada Desa Datah Diaan adalah metode Mock, dalam perencanaan pipa transmisi menggunakan bantuan aplikasi EPANET, untuk perencanaan bangunan intake terapung dengan metode hukum archimedes dan instalasi pengolahan air bersih berdasarkan studi atau literatur mengenai tata cara perencanaan unit instalasi pengolahan air. Hasil perancangan bangunan intake didapatkan dimensi ponton panjang 2,00 m, lebar 0,40 m dan tinggi 0,50 m, perancangan jaringan transmisi dengan diameter pipa 180mm – 200mm, perancangan bangunan instalasi pengolahan air bersih dengan dimensi bak koagulasi panjang 1,50 m lebar 1,00 m dan tinggi 2,0 m, bak flokulasi dengan luas dasar 2,0 m² serta ketinggian air yang berbeda-beda disetiap tahap dengan tahap pertama yaitu 4,0 m, bak sedimentasi dengan panjang 5,0 m, bak filtrasi dengan panjang 4,0 m, dimensi reservoir dengan tinggi bak 3,0 m dan lebar 3,0 m serta panjang 3,0 m

Water Supply from Turkey to Cyprus Island with Suspended Marine Pipeline

More than 90% of the water requirement for the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC/KKTC) was being supplied from groundwater resources, while the rest was being provided from surface waters and seawater until the 1990s. Due to excessive water abstractions above their natural feeding levels, most of the aquifers had salinization as a result of sea water interference with electrical conductivity (EC) value exceeding 7000 mmho/cm. In order to provide a permanent and long-term solution to the water problem in TRNC, a sea-crossing suspended water transmission pipeline (TRNC Water Supply) project has been developed for sustainable water transfer from Turkey to the Cyprus Island. While the initial feasibility and conceptual design studies have been prepared for State Hydraulic Works (DSI) in 1998-1999, the implementation projects and tender documents have been completed in 2006-2009, and the construction of the suspended marine pipeline has started in 2011 as commissioned by DSI. The engineering supervision and consultancy services of the project have been provided by a team from Istanbul Technical University (ITU). The project, which has been fully completed in October 2015 had a total cost of 1.6 x 109 TL (600 x 106 $), including expropriation costs. The unit cost of the water with flowrate 75 x 106 m3/year is calculated to be 0.6$/m3 (n=15 x 50 years, i=0.08), and the investment is expected to be repaid in 5.3 years. In this article, design details of the suspended marine pipeline and its critical components of this unique project are presented.First, we would like to thank Prof Veysel Eroglu, the TR Minister of Forestry and Water Affairs of the time, for his great contributions in the realization of this unique project, and his bold vision. Due to the efforts and contributions in the project design, planning and construction phases, we are thankful to Alarko Contracting Group, Intec Engineering DV, Art? Project, Danish Hydraulic Institute (DHI), AES Engineering Ltd, Firat Plastic Inc., and Kalyon - Sigur Ros Joint Venture, together with all stakeholders working on design and construction of the land structures of the project. We also extend our gratitude to the managers & employees of the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works (DSI) for their efforts in this projec