Influence of Water Supply Conditions and Water Storage Containers on Aedes Mosquito Abundance in Makassar City, Indonesia

Background: High water demand accompanied with an unreliable piped water supply has forced urban residents to store water in containers. This situation potentially increases the number of breeding sites for mosquito vectors, such as Aedes. Method: This study aimed to test the hypothesis if piped water connection availability, tap water use, and highly stable tap water supply can help minimize the use of water storage containers as well as the presence of larvae and number of adult Aedes mosquitoes. We conducted a community-based entomological survey of 343 households from 36 neighborhoods or Rukun Tetangga in Makassar City, Indonesia. Our model based on the hypothesis was tested by piecewise structural equation modeling analysis. Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the stability of tap water supply and the number of water storage containers (−0.16, P < 0.05). Of the two categories of water storage containers, the unintentional water storage containers demonstrated a significantly (P < 0.001) higher effect on larval prevalence than the intentional one. Further, both container categories have significant indirect effects on the number of adult mosquitoes mediated by larval presence. Conclusion: Improving water supply condition, particularly by assuring a stable tap water supply, could minimize the use of intentional water storage containers. Furthermore, a regular community-wide health education program that targets the elimination of unintentional water storage containers, which can be breeding grounds for Aedes larvae mosquitoes, is necessary

Hubungan Tempat Penampungan Air dengan Keberadaan Jentik Aedes aegypti di Perumahan Dinas Type E Desa Motu Kecamatan Baras Kabupaten Mamuju Utara

 The presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in an area is an indicator of the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito population in the area. The Aedes aegypti mosquitoes live and breed in the clean water storage containers that does not directly in contact with the ground such as bathtubs, bird waterers, water storage tanks, clay pots or barrels, cans, tires, and others. In District Baras Village Motu, The Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever cases annually have increased due to low participation of the community in reducing the number of larval populations, then this is what lies behind researchers to see the relationship of water storage containers with the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae.This study aims to determine the relationship of water storage containers with the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in the official housing type E Village Motu Subdistrict Baras District Mamuju Utara in 2013. This type of research is an observational study with cross sectional design approach. Sampling was conducted using a survey technique with a sample of 642 water storage containers. The data were collected by taking primary and secondary data where the primary data were analyzed us-ing chi-square test.The results showed that there is a relationship between the type, location, material, color and cover of water storage containers in the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae with all values (P = 0.000) or P < α (0.005).Expected that the community to pay more attention to the implementation of activities 2M plus PSN-DBD independently and regularly according to standards in order to reduce the presence of mosquito larvae. With the implementation, then transmission of dengue fever can be suppressed.Keywords: water storage containers, the presence of larvae, larvae of Aedes aegypti

Choose a Safe Water Container

After treating your water, it is important to store it in a safe water container. Safe water storage containers prevent people from dipping their hands, cups, and utensils into the water.#CS335625-APublication date from document properties.Safe-water-container-p.pd

Household-level factors associated with relapse following discharge from treatment for moderate acute malnutrition

AbstractFactors associated with relapse among children who are discharged after reaching a threshold denoted ‘recovered’ from moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with sustained recovery, defined as maintaining a mid-upper-arm circumference≥12·5 cm for 1 year after release from treatment. On the basis of an observational study design, we analysed data from an in-depth household (HH) survey on a sub-sample of participants within a larger cluster randomised controlled trial (cRCT) that followed up children for 1 year after recovery from MAM. Out of 1497 children participating in the cRCT, a subset of 315 children participated in this sub-study. Accounting for other factors, HH with fitted lids on water storage containers (P=0·004) was a significant predictor of sustained recovery. In addition, sustained recovery was better among children whose caregivers were observed to have clean hands (P=0·053) and in HH using an improved sanitation facility (P=0·083). By contrast, socio-economic status and infant and young child feeding practices at the time of discharge and HH food security throughout the follow-up period were not significant. Given these results, we hypothesise that improved water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in tandem with management of MAM through supplemental feeding programmes have the possibility to decrease relapse following recovery from MAM. Furthermore, the absence of associations between relapse and nearly all HH-level factors indicates that the causal factors of relapse may be related mostly to the child’s individual, underlying health and nutrition status.</jats:p

Efficacy and Longevity of a New Formulation of Temephos Larvicide Tested in Village-Scale Trials Against Larval Aedes aegypti in Water-Storage Containers

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Unreliable supply of potable water and elevated Aedes aegypti larval indices: a causal relationship?.

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Local Water Storage Control for the Developing World

Most cities in India do not have water distribution networks that provide water throughout the entire day. As a result, it is common for homes and apartment buildings to utilize water storage systems that are filled during a small window of time in the day when the water distribution network is active. However, these water storage systems do not have disinfection capabilities, and so long durations of storage (i.e., as few as four days) of the same water leads to substantial increases in the amount of bacteria and viruses in that water. This paper considers the stochastic control problem of deciding how much water to store each day in the system, as well as deciding when to completely empty the water system, in order to tradeoff: the financial costs of the water, the health costs implicit in long durations of storing the same water, the potential for a shortfall in the quantity of stored versus demanded water, and water wastage from emptying the system. To solve this problem, we develop a new Binary Dynamic Search (BiDS) algorithm that is able to use binary search in one dimension to compute the value function of stochastic optimal control problems with controlled resets to a single state and with constraints on the maximum time span in between resets of the system

Toxorhynchites amboinensis larvae released in domestic containers fail to control dengue vectors in a rural village in central Java.

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