Vegetative Growth, Fruit Set, Yield and Fruit Quality of "Le-Conte" Pear Grown Under Calcareous Soil Conditions as Affected by Different Levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium

"Le-Conte" pear fruiting trees grown in newly reclaimed soils were fertilized with different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization during three successive seasons of 2006, 2009 and 2010. However, results were calculated for the two seasons of 2009 and 2010. Tree vegetative growth (shoot length and diameter and leaf area), fruit set, yield increased significantly with increasing fertilization level. Fruit quality was increased significantly with increasing fertilization rate. The results also indicated that increasing N, P and K fertilization level lead to a gradual increment in leaf N, P and k content. Total sugars in fruits increased significantly with increasing the fertilization levels. On the other hand, starch decreased gradually with increasing the fertilization levels. The most effective level (650g. Ammonium nitrate + 325g. Potassium sulphate + 600g. Calcium superphosphate) leads to the highest vegetative growth, mineral leaf content, fruit yield and the best fruit quality as compared with other levels of fertilization. The lowest vegetative growth, yield and fruit weight and dimensions were recorded at the lowest level (250g. Ammonium nitrate + 125g. Potassium sulphate + 200g. Calcium superphosphate)

The SNARE protein FolVam7 mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici.

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) are conserved in fungi, plants and animals. The Vam7 gene encodes a v-SNARE protein that involved in vesicle trafficking in fungi. Here, we identified and characterized the function of FolVam7, a homologue of the yeast SNARE protein Vam7p in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), a fungal pathogen of tomato. FolVam7 contains SNARE and PX (Phox homology) domains that are indispensable for normal localization and function of FolVam7. Targeted gene deletion showed that FolVam7-mediated vesicle trafficking is important for vegetative growth, asexual development, conidial morphology and plant infection. Further cytological examinations revealed that FolVam7 is localized to vesicles and vacuole membranes in the hyphae stage. Moreover, the ΔFolvam7 mutant is insensitive to salt and osmotic stresses and hypersensitive to cell wall stressors. Taken together, our results suggested that FolVam7-mediated vesicle trafficking promotes vegetative growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of Fol

Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems: CELSS 1985 Workshop

Various topics related to closed ecological systems are discussed. Space habitats, vegetative growth, photosynthesis, recycling, culture techniques, waste utilization bioreactors and controlled atmospheres on space stations are among the topics covered

Effects of the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of the genus Glomus on growth and leaf mineral concentrations of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon)

The effects of root inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (genus Glomus) on growth and leaf mineral concentrations of grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Sauvignon) were studied under the growth conditions of Central Chile. Inoculation enhanced the uptake of N and K and vegetative growth but decreased the foliar concentration, but not necessarily the uptake of P

Combining ability of interspecific oat matings (Avena sativa x Avena sterilis)

Ten A. sterilis lines of Mediterranean origin were crossed with six A. sativa cultivars from the North Central U.S.A. in a North Carolina Design II mating plan. Seven intervarietal matings also were made among the A. sativa cultivars. Approximately 40 F(,2)-derived lines from each mating were evaluated at three locations in Iowa during 1982;Gene action for grain yield, biomass, and vegetative growth rate was largely additive. GCA variance components for A. sterilis for these three traits were about two to two and one half times greater than the comparable components for SCA and about five times greater than the GCA components for A. sativa;Mean percentages of transgressive segregates one LSD(,.05) above the high parent for vegetative growth rate and biomass were 9.0 and 9.8%, respectively, from interspecific matings, but only 4.5 and 2.9%, respectively, from intraspecific matings. However, there were two and one half times more high transgressive segregates for grain yield from intra- than from interspecific matings. The ten A. sterilis accessions ranged from 28 to 64% in percentages of transgressive progeny for vegetative growth rate;Performances of the A. sterilis accessions, per se, generally were good predictors of mean progeny performance for vegetative growth rate and biomass. Correlations of GCA effects of A. sterilis parents and percentage of high transgressive segregates for grain yield, biomass, and vegetative growth rate were 0.62, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Generally, predictive criteria based on population means were more effective in determining superior parents for A. sativa x A. sterilis matings, than were A. sterilis performances per se;The maximum vegetative growth rate among segregates from interspecific matings was 0.2 q/da/ha greater than the highest segregate from intraspecific matings. However, mean harvest index was reduced materially by the introgression of A. sterilis germplasm. Because there was no genetic association between vegetative growth rate and harvest index, however, it should be possible to improve both harvest index and vegetative growth rate, and thus, the grain yield of cultivated oats

Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Determining Vegetative Growth Traits in Coffea Canephor

Recently the use of molecular markers has been successfully applied for some crops. For coffee, new opportunities have been opened since Nestlé R&D Centre in collaboration with ICCRI completed the first genetic map of Coffea canephora. This study was aimed both to evaluate the phenotypic trait and also to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the vegetative growth in Robusta coffee. Present study used three C. canephora populations and six genetic maps developed based on these populations using simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers. A total of 17 different quantitative data were used for the detection of QTLs on each of three populations. Present result showed that most of these traits were not heritable. The nine vegetative traits have been identified and distributed over seven different linkage groups. Due to some QTLs determining one given trait were overlapping on the same linkage group and were coming from the same favourable parent, a total of 19 QTLs detected for vegetative traits might finally be considered as only 12 QTLs involved. However, only two of them were shared for different traits. One involved for the number/length of primary branches and width of the canopy while the other for length of internodes and width of canopy. These two QTLs might determine the size of the tree canopy in this species

Uji Pupuk (Npk Dan Emas) Dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (Atonik Dan Ethrel) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Lada (Piper Nigrum L)

The objective of the research is to know the effect of using NPK (Nitrogen-Phosphor-Potassium) fertilizer and EMAS (Enhancing Microbial Activities in the Soil) biofertizers combined with GRS (Growth Regulating Substances) to the vegetative growth of young pepper plants. The research used Complete Randomized Design with One Way Analysis of Variance, Regression, and Correlation in order to know the effect of treatment to the vegetative growth of young pepper plants. The research was carried out in Sukahati Village, Cibinong District, Bogor Regency, West Java Province, during three months from July to October 2001.The results of the research showed that the use of NPK fertilizer (with dosage 2,5 gr/plant) combined with GRS Atonik and Ethrel will increase the vegetative growth of young pepper plants significantly to a high of 13,0 cm or 17,4 % and 12,5 cm or 16,8 % respectively. The use of EMAS biofertilizer (with dosage 2,5 gr/plant) combined with GRS Atonik and Ethrel will increase the vegetative growth of young pepper plants significantly to a high of 21,2 cm or 28,5 % and 18,1 cm or 24,3 % respectively. Moreover, the use of NPK fertilizer (with dosage 5,0 gr/plant) combined with GRS Atonik and Ethrel will increase the vegetative growth of young pepper plants significantly to a high of 22,2 cm or 29,8 % and 20,3 cm or 27,2 % respectively. The use of EMAS biofertilizer (with dosage 5,0 gr/plant) combined with GRS Atonik and Ethrel will increase the vegetative growth of young pepper plants significantly to a high of 28,2 cm or 37,9 % and 26,6 cm or 35,7 % respectively

SapB and the rodlins are required for development of Streptomyces coelicolor in high osmolarity media

Streptomyces coelicolor produces spore-forming aerial hyphae after a period of vegetative growth. These aerial structures are decorated with a hydrophobic coating of rodlets consisting of chaplins and rodlins. Here, we show that rodlins and the surface-active peptide SapB are essential for development during growth in a medium with high osmolarity. To this end, both vegetative and aerial hyphae secrete SapB, whereas rodlins are only secreted by the spore-forming aerial hyphae.

Integrated analysis of climate, soil, topography and vegetative growth in Iberian viticultural regions

The Iberian viticultural regions are convened according to the Denomination of Origin (DO) and present different climates, soils, topography and management practices. All these elements influence the vegetative growth of different varieties throughout the peninsula, and are tied to grape quality and wine type. In the current study, an integrated analysis of climate, soil, topography and vegetative growth was performed for the Iberian DO regions, using state-of-the-art datasets. For climatic assessment, a categorized index, accounting for phenological/thermal development, water availability and grape ripening conditions was computed. Soil textural classes were established to distinguish soil types. Elevation and aspect (orientation) were also taken into account, as the leading topographic elements. A spectral vegetation index was used to assess grapevine vegetative growth and an integrated analysis of all variables was performed. The results showed that the integrated climate-soil-topography influence on vine performance is evident. Most Iberian vineyards are grown in temperate dry climates with loamy soils, presenting low vegetative growth. Vineyards in temperate humid conditions tend to show higher vegetative growth. Conversely, in cooler/warmer climates, lower vigour vineyards prevail and other factors, such as soil type and precipitation acquire more important roles in driving vigour. Vines in prevailing loamy soils are grown over a wide climatic diversity, suggesting that precipitation is the primary factor influencing vigour. The present assessment of terroir characteristics allows direct comparison among wine regions and may have great value to viticulturists, particularly under a changing climate

Vegetative growth and fruit set of olive (Olea europaea L. cv. ‘Zard’) in response to some soil and plant factors

This experiment was conducted to explore the reasons of difference between ‘Zard’ olive orchard with the poor vegetative growth rate and fruit set and orchard with suitable vegetative growth rate and fruit set in relation to some soil and plant factors during two seasons. Note that assumptions were based on the overall canopy greenness of the olive trees, so experimental orchards in which the planted trees showed optimum leaf greenness were considered good situations for optimum vegetative growth and productivity. Remote sensing technologies based on normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were employed on olive orchards, and two orchards meeting the criteria of highest amount of greenness and lowest amount of greenness were selected. Length of current-year shoot (LCYS) and fruit set were considered indicators of tree vegetative growth and productivity, respectively. Results clearly indicated a significant difference between the two selected orchards in terms of canopy volume (CV), leaf nitrogen content (N), leaf potassium content (K), silt, sand, Sodium adsorption rate (SAR), available phosphorous (Pavi), total neutralizing value (TNV), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl), and Fe variables. A stepwise regression method was used to evaluate the effects of soil and plant variables on fruit set and LCYS. According to the obtained results, the main reasons for differences between two orchards in fruit set and vegetative growth was N and K deficiencies, soil salinity, and a high percentage of silt in the soil