Illocutionary Acts in Stand-up Comedy

This research was conducted to discover the types of illocutionary acts, the most dominant type of illocutionary acts, the implication of the dominant type of illocutionary acts, and which utterances show the function of stand-up comedy in stand-up comedy performances in Indonesia. It was based on descriptive design by applying both quantitative and qualitative method. This study took ten performances of stand-up comedy which is taken randomly from the internet and there were 1378 illocutionary acts in ten stand-up comedy selected. The findings show that all types of illocutionary acts were used in stand-up comedy and the percentages were: 55.9% of representatives, 22.9% of directives, 16.2% of expressives, 3% of declaratives and 2% of commissives. There was another function of stand-up comedy in addition to entertaining, informing, and criticizing, which is insinuating. The most dominant illocutionary acts type found was representatives. It means, in delivering their material, the comics dominantly convey their belief that some proposition is true and they also indirectly provoke the audience to believe their words

The Illocutionary Act of Hazel Grace in the Fault in Our Stars Movie

This study deals with Illocutionary Act of Hazel Grace as the main character inThe Fault in Our Stars movie. The objectives of the study was discovered thetypes of Illocutionary Act which were used by Hazel Grace as the main characterand described in what contexts that she used in The Fault in Our Stars movie. Thesubject of this study was The Fault in Our Stars movie and each spoken words orthe conversation by Hazel Grace that were written in The Fault in Our Starsmovie script became the source of the data. The data were collected by browsingand downloading from internet. This study was conducted by using qualitativedescriptive design. The result of analyzing types and the contexts of IllocutionaryAct were used by Hazel Grace as main character such as representatives with34.6% (236 utterances), directives with 24.3% (166 utterances), expressives with22.2% (152 utterances), declaratives with 15.5% (106 utterances) andcommissives with 3.4% (23 utterances) and made representative became the mostdominant type. And representative context was the dominant context because TheFault in Our Stars movie used first person, main character\u27s point of view fromperspective of the main character that Hazel Grace used like informing,describing, sharing, believing, stating a fact, assuming, predicting and alsocomplaining which make her like a narrator in that movie because she informs,describes, shares about her diseases, her interests, her thought also about life oreverything, and what she believe by herself

Using situation theory to model information flow in design

Information flow is intensive during a design process, where delivering timely and appropriate information is required. Sonnenwald [2] identified 13 communication roles that emerged during four multidisciplinary design situations in the USA and Europe. She statedthat participants from different disciplines, organisations and cultures come to the design situation with pre-existing patterns of working activities, and specialised work languages. Different methods to represent information flow activities are used, varying in different companies, different disciplines, and different teams, which may cause misunderstandings particularly among design teams composed of different organisations. In this sense, it is important to present information flow in a rigorous way. Eastman and Shirley [3] developed amodel of design information flow. The model dealt with design information management, reflecting entities, constraints, design states, design document accessed modes, transactions, and version identifiers. But, the development of their model was not based upon a theoretical foundation. In this paper, we develop an alternative model to present information flow indesign based on a foundation of situation theory. The model may serve to analysis design information system and provide a basis for investigating the situatedness of designinformation flow. To be able to represent information flow we should firstly study its phenomena. Based on Sim's formalism of design activities, the theory of Speech Acts, Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW, and other works studying information flow, an example model for information flow in design is developed. A discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of this representation method is carried out

Directives, expressives, and motivation

When an agent’s motivation is sensitive to how his supervisor thinks about the agent’s competence, the supervisor has to take into account both informational and expressive contents of her message to the agent. This paper shows that the supervisor can credibly express her trust in the agent’s ability only by being un- clear about what to do. Suggesting what to do, i.e., “directives,” could reveal the supervisor’s “distrust” and reduce the agent’s equilibrium effort level even though it provides useful information about the decision environment. There is also an equilibrium in which directives are neutral in expressive content. However, it is shown that neologism proofness favors equilibria in which directives are double- edged swords

Refusing to Endorse. A must Explanation for Pejoratives.

In her analysis of pejoratives, Eva Picardi rejects a too sharp separation between descriptive and expressive content. I reconstruct some of her arguments, endorsing Eva’s criticism of Williamson’s analysis of Dummett and developing a suggestion by Manuel Garcia Carpintero on a speech act analysis of pejoratives. Eva’s main concern is accounting for our instinctive refusal to endorse an assertion containing pejoratives because it suggests a picture of reality we do not share. Her stance might be further developed claiming that uses of pejoratives not only suggest, but also promote a wrong picture of reality. Our refusal to endorse implies rejecting not only a wrong picture of reality but also a call for participation to what that picture promotes

Illocutionary Acts in Online Airline Advertising Slogans

This research attempts to examine the illocutionary acts used in airline slogans taken from online airlines advertisements and investigate the most dominant illocutionary acts used in the slogans. The data were collected from online advertisements from November 2015 until January 2016. The results of the research show that four types of illocutionary acts are used in the slogans: directives, expressives, commissives and assertives with three patterns of illocutionary acts: Assertives entailing expressives, commissives entailing expressives and directives entailing expressives. Based on the findings, the most dominant type of illocutionary acts used was assertives with 40 occurrences (70%). Claiming is an assertive illocutionary act that was used most frequently in the slogans. This is in line with the main aim of advertising, i.e., persuading people. No declarative illocutionary act was found in the slogans since it is hard to fill the mode of achievement of a declarative in online advertising which changes the hearer’s status

Branding of UK higher education institutions: an integrated perspective on the content and style of welcome adresses

The transformation to a more market-oriented steering approach in European higher education challenges universities and other higher education institutions to consider developing branding or image management activities. The existing literature focuses either on the content or the style, but we argue that an integrated perspective is needed to fully grasp the processes underlying branding. In a comparative case study of ten UK higher education institutions with varying reputations – five highly reputed versus five low(er) reputed institutions – we demonstrate how and why branding is deployed in welcome addresses of institutional leaders. Our findings indicate that isomorphic tendencies are visible, although brand differentiation could also be identified between highly and lowly reputed institutions. Our findings provide support for the competitive group perspective on branding activities

AN ANALYSIS OF ILLOCUTIONARY ACT ON JASON GRACE IN THE NOVEL “THE LOST HERO” BY RICK RIORDAN

Illocutionary acts cover the intention behind an utterance and analyze the speaker’s intent and the effect on the listener, this research aims to analyze the types of Illocutionary acts and which most dominant types of illocutionary acts used by Jason Grace in the novel “The Lost Hero”. The research used John R. Searle’s classification for the illocutionary act which consisted of representatives, directives, commisives, expressives, and declarations. This research used qualitative research with descriptive as a method. The object of this research is a novel by Rick Riordan entitled “The Lost Hero”. The instrument used for this research is content analysis mainly focused on analyzing Jason Grace's utterances in the novel. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted by the researcher by reading the novel, writing Jason Grace's utterances, and separating the utterances based on John R. Searle’s classification. The result of the research found that there are 5 types of illocutionary acts Jason Grace used in “The Lost Hero” novel. These utterances consisted of 10% declarations, 14% representatives, 26% expressives, 44% directives, and 6% commisives. The frequently used types of illocutionary acts Jason Grace used are directives utterances with commisives being the least used. Furthermore, this study found that Jason Grace's character in the novel used 5 types of illocutionary from John R. Searle’s classification

A discourse analysis of e-mail messages in a Malaysian Business Community

The study attempts to investigate recurrent grammatical features and functions of electronic mail discourse in a selected business community, comprising executives in a Malaysian public limited company. It also examines whether the electronic mail system has influenced language forms in the executives' e-mail discourse. Differences between language in the e-mail discourse and language in conventional business writing are explored too. The corpus comprises 102 electronic mail messages from the executives' routine communication in work contexts. The study examines grammatical features, communicative functions and discourse features of the messages. Findings reveal a predominance of main clauses in imperative and declarative moods, and subordinate clauses denoting purpose and reason, reflecting that e-mail communication of the community is used more for requesting and informing, and less for enquiring. Other discourse features like opening salutation, opening statement, closing statement and closing salutation are also found in the e-mail messages although they are not compulsory for such a communication. It is hoped that the language features and functions, and other discourse features identified in the e-mail communication of the business community would contribute towards pedagogy and course design for English for Business Communication, as well as for e-mail communication at the workplace