The Word-Formation Processes and Semantic Relations of Compound Words in National Geographic Magazine Articles

This study examines compound words and their semantic relations and interprets the meanings of the newly coined compound words found in National Geographic magazine’s January to June 2019 issues. This study uses qualitative methods to analyze the data. It classifies compound words using Delahunty & Garvey’s theory (2010) into five types: compound noun (CN), compound verb (CV), compound adjective (CAdj), compound adverb (CAv), and neoclassical compound (NCC). It also analyzes the semantic relations of compound words. The results of the study show that 241 compound words were found. The most common type of compound words was compound nouns (59.75%), followed by neoclassical compounds (18.67%), compound adjectives (15.35%), compound verbs (4.98%), and the least common type is compound adverbs (1.24%). The study also shows that 70.54% of the compound words found belong to endocentric compounds, and the remaining 29.46% to exocentric compounds. In addition, six newly coined and theme-related compound words were found. The meanings of these newly coined compound words are not available in referenced dictionaries

Hedging in Newspaper Headlines Written by Indonesian and American Writers

Newspaper headlines contain the main and most important news articles in the newspaper. They are aimed to present news as accurately as possible. On the other hand, newspapers are also a company that aims to make profit from every news that is published. Thus, they have other interests besides conveying news as accurately as possible. One possible strategy to balance these two different interests is to use a hedging strategy. This research is an attempt to find out the forms and functions of hedging expressions used in headlines from two newspapers, The Jakarta Post and New York Times newspaper. The headlines that are used as the object of study are limited to the headlines containing news about the pandemic covid-19. This study also compares the forms and frequency of hedging expressions used in The Jakarta Post and New York Times. The data were quantitatively analyzed with a help of concordance software Wordsmith 4.0 (Scott, 2004). A qualitative analysis method was also conducted to classify the forms and functions of hedging expressions. A taxonomy proposed by Salager-Meyer (1997) was employed to analyze the forms of hedging expressions and Hyland (1996b) taxonomy was applied to identify the functions of hedging expressions serve in newspaper headlines. The results show that both groups of writers tend to employ hedging expressions in terms of the forms and functions in the similar way. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the use of hedging expressions by two groups of writers

"What the F---": Taboo Words in the TV Series Sex Education

This study investigates the functions of taboo words used by male, female, young and adult characters in the first season of Sex Education. Azzaro (2005) and Allan & Burridge's (2009) functions of taboo words were furthermore employed to identify and classify the use of taboo words in the TV series. There were 114 utterances of taboo words in the TV series. The most common function is swearing or expletive expression (53.51%), followed by insults or abusive expression (29.82%), and the least used functions are expression of social solidarity (11.40%) and stylistic choice (5.26 %). In regards to gender, both male and female use taboo words at nearly the same frequency. In fact, 58 out of 114 taboo words and expressions were used by female characters and 56 by male characters. Moreover, with respect to age group, young characters or teenagers in Sex Education appear to use taboo words more frequently than the adult characters. Overall, 83 out of 114 taboo words and expressions were used by teenage characters and 31 by adult characters. In addition, there are frequency differences in the use of taboo words in four specific gender and age groups. Those groups are young male, adult male, young female, and adult female.Keywords: taboo words, functions, gender, age, and TV serie

Conversational Maxim Violation by the Main Character in the Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings Movie

This study aims to identify the types of conversational maxims violation that the violated by the main character found in the Shang-Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings Movie. Conversational maxim is a set of rule proposed by Grice (1975) that categorizes into four types, which are maxim of quantity, quality, relation, and manner. These rules are important to make an effective and clear conversation. By violating maxims, the participants of the conversation broke the rules of cooperative principle. The participants of the conversation seem to hide the real intended meanings and certain purposes which are conveyed by the speaker behind the utterance. This research uses theory by Grice’s Cooperative Principle and also support with theory by Cutting to analyze four types of conversational maxims violation. The method used to conduct this research is descriptive qualitative method. The amount of maxim violation of quantity is 6 (40%), that appears most frequently throughout the film. The violation of maxim of quality becomes the second violation that frequently found, that brings the total 4 violations (26,6%), also the third violation that occurs is violations of maxim of relation with 3 violations in total (20%). The main character violates the maxim of manners 2 times in totals (13,4%) more than any other violation, which is the least common infraction in the film

Power Relation Between Katniss Everdeen and President Snow in The Hunger Games Trilogy

This paper aims to find out about the dynamic of the power relation between Katniss Everdeen and President Snow from The Hunger Games trilogy, and how the power relation reflects domination and resistance. For the analysis, this paper applies Foucault's theory of power relations. The discussion concludes that the power relation between Katniss and President Snow is formed through the distribution of power that makes them subjects who can exercise power, and in the process, leads them to create a power relation where they complement each other’s power. A productive network is then formed as they work out the power relation with objectives and rationalization to exercise their power throughout the trilogy. Furthermore, the domination and resistance are reflected in the power relation through the use of those two effects of power as strategies by President Snow and Katniss respectively. Resulting in interchanging responses of domination and resistance that affect a series of events in the story

Mimetic Reading of J.K. Rowling’s The Casual Vacancy: A Political Critique of the United Kingdom’s 2010 General Election Through the Analysis of Children Characters’ Sufferings

In 2010, the United Kingdom called on a General Election after the Queen agreed to grant an approval to Gordon Brown’s proposal to dissolve the parliament. The Queen’s approval resulted on prorogation marking the end of Gordon Brown’s parliamentary period. The General Election was used as a stage for the United Kingdom’s three biggest parties to assert their political dominance. Publishing her first novel for adult, The Casual Vacancy, J.K. Rowling attempted to deliberate the change of political atmosphere during the major event.The recent paper employs Paul Ricoeur’s Threefold Mimesis to analyse the symbolisms presented in The Casual Vacancy in order to demonstrate how it is used as a means of constructive criticism of the three biggest parties participating in the UK’s 2010 General Election. The criticism mentioned in this paper are based on writer’s interpretation. Those are the Conservative needs to evaluate its rigid, too right-winged, outdated policies and to expunge its tendency of establishing class-exclusivity, Labour Party needs to evaluate its members and to pay more attention to its supporters’ concerns; Liberal-Democrats needs to resolve its scandals and to be more selective in postulating its candidates. Details are discussed

Politeness Strategies in Performing Commissive Illocutionary Acts in Joseph R. Biden's Inauguration Speech

This research aims to explore the use of politeness strategies in the performance of commissive illocutionary acts in Joseph R. Biden’s inauguration speech. The politeness strategies were classified based on the theory of politeness strategies by Brown and Levinson (1987). The commissive illocutionary acts performed are promise, guarantee, and refusal. The result showed that there are 39 performances of commissive illocutionary acts that are found in the speech. The classification and analysis showed that out of 39 utterances, there are 17 occurrences of bald on record, 10 occurrences of positive politeness, and 12 occurrences of off-record. The result shows that, in delivering his inauguration speech, Biden tends to use the most straightforward way of speaking to issue an act

Politeness Strategies of Requests in the TV Series Grey's Anatomy Season 2

This study explores the use of politeness strategies of requests in the TV Series Grey’s Anatomy Season 2. The request strategies were classified based on the politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987). The results showed that out of the 274 requests found in the TV series, 132 requests (48.18%) were expressed using the bald on-record strategy, 108 occurrences (39.42%) using the negative politeness strategy, 25 occurrences (9.12%) using the positive politeness strategy, and nine occurrences (3.28%) using the off-record politeness strategy. For power, the characters of Grey’s Anatomy Season 2 tend to speak to their interlocutors depending on the power that they have between them. Meanwhile, as for the social distance, the speakers tend to ignore the differences in power that exist between them. The familiarity between the speakers and interlocutors influences them to use direct strategies despite the differences in power

The Impact of Colonialism in Hugh Lofting’s The Story of Doctor Dolittle

The Story of Doctor Dolittle is the first entry in the Doctor Dolittle series, a children’s book series by English author Hugh Lofting. Despite being primarily aimed at children, the series contains mature themes that help it attract the attention of adults. In particular, The Story of Doctor Dolittle contains themes of colonialism that are drawn from the author’s own experiences. This research aims to discover how colonialism in The Story of Doctor Dolittle has impacted the numerous characters found in it. The original 1920 publication of the book was used as the primary data source, in which it was analyzed using a thorough closed reading of its contents, which is then compared with real-life colonial events. Jurgen Osterhammel’s theory of colonialism is used as the primary theory for this research, which details the processes and results of colonialism on both the colonizers and the colonized, as well as the different types of colonies created to serve different purposes for the colonizers. The results have shown that there are multiple instances of colonialism in The Story of Doctor Dolittle, both positive and negative, that have impacted its characters to varying degrees. Characters such as Doctor Dolittle and the monkeys of the Land of the Monkeys benefited from colonialism due to the former’s altruistic motives, while others like the Jolliginki tribe suffered due to reckless exploitation by the unnamed White Man

The Significance of The Cat as a Character with Moral Ambiguity in Neil Gaiman's Coraline

This research analyzes the cat in Coraline as a character with moral ambiguity in children’s literature. This study used new criticism theory, focusing on the formal elements which are the plot of the story and the cat’s character and its characterization to analyze the cat’s role and its significance towards Coraline. By applying Janet Burroway’s character presentation methods, this research aims to analyze how the cat with moral ambiguity influenced Coraline in deciding her decisions and choice. This research also discusses the relationship between the cat with Coraline in order to know how deep Coraline’s trust towards the cat to know the significance of a character with moral ambiguity and to investigate the cat’s role in the novel by analyzing the plot of the story. The result shows that even though the cat has a bad and annoying attitudes towards Coraline, after she met the cat and having several conversations, there is a change in her mind about the point of view of the Other World so she could decide what to do in order to save not only herself but also the cat, her parents and the ghost children’s souls from the Beldam. The existence of a character with moral ambiguity is unusual in children’s literature which mostly have obvious narratives about polarity; nevertheless, the cat’s presence in Coraline has a significant role because not only guiding Coraline but also an illustration of not every people with bad attitude is an evil people; even though the cat has moral ambiguity in its character it accommodated Coraline in escaping from the Beldam