Towards automatic pulmonary nodule management in lung cancer screening with deep learning

The introduction of lung cancer screening programs will produce an unprecedented amount of chest CT scans in the near future, which radiologists will have to read in order to decide on a patient follow-up strategy. According to the current guidelines, the workup of screen-detected nodules strongly relies on nodule size and nodule type. In this paper, we present a deep learning system based on multi-stream multi-scale convolutional networks, which automatically classifies all nodule types relevant for nodule workup. The system processes raw CT data containing a nodule without the need for any additional information such as nodule segmentation or nodule size and learns a representation of 3D data by analyzing an arbitrary number of 2D views of a given nodule. The deep learning system was trained with data from the Italian MILD screening trial and validated on an independent set of data from the Danish DLCST screening trial. We analyze the advantage of processing nodules at multiple scales with a multi-stream convolutional network architecture, and we show that the proposed deep learning system achieves performance at classifying nodule type that surpasses the one of classical machine learning approaches and is within the inter-observer variability among four experienced human observers.Comment: Published on Scientific Report

Summary of experimental results field trials 1977 - Silverleaf nightshade - Blackberry

Silverleaf Nightshade: Rates of three herbicides on Silverleaf Nightshade (Yealering) - 76Na11. Herbicide screening trial on Silverleaf Nightshade (Yealering) - 76Na12. Herbicide screening trial on Silverleaf Nightshade (Yealering) - 77Na22. Blackberry: Non-hormone herbicide screening on Blackberry (Torbay) - 77AL17. Herbicide screening on Blackberry (Kent River) - 77AL18. Non-hormone herbicide screening on Blackberry (Balingup) - 77B8. Herbicide screening on Blackberry (Balingup) - 77B9

Perinatal mental health screening trial

Background: Pregnancy is a time of great joy and happiness but is also a time of great change, where the woman is at increased risk of onset and relapse of mental health disorders. However, unfortunately many patients go undiagnosed. --- Method: A trial for perinatal mental health screening was set up at Mater Dei Hospital. Mothers under the care of four consultant obstetricians were included in the study. All were asked a series of screening questions to assess necessity of referral to mental health services. If positive for one of the questions, a telephone consultation was carried out by one of the perinatal mental health midwives, giving them the necessary information about the mental health services available. The services offer a multidisciplinary approach with perinatal midwives, a specialised psychiatric team, social worker and psychologists. --- Results: A total of 283 mothers were screened. 105 of which were positive for a screening question, requiring mental health services. 8 accepted an office session with the perinatal midwives, and 12 were followed-up up by psychiatric team in the perinatal mental health clinic. --- Conclusion: Previous data at Mater Dei Hospital stated that 3% of all mothers delivering in labour ward were being referred to the perinatal mental health clinic. During this trial 6% of the mothers screened were making use of the service. This points towards ⁓3% of mothers who would otherwise have been suffering in the dark, proving the necessity of a screening program.peer-reviewe

Immune factors preceding diagnosis of glioma: a Prostate Lung Colorectal Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial nested case-control study.

BackgroundEpidemiological studies of adult glioma have identified genetic and environmental risk factors, but much remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to evaluate anthropometric, disease-related, and prediagnostic immune-related factors for relationship with glioma risk.MethodsWe conducted a nested case-control study among the intervention arm of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial. One hundred and twenty-four glioma cases were identified and each matched to four controls. Baseline characteristics were collected at enrollment and were evaluated for association with glioma status. Serum specimens were collected at yearly intervals and were analyzed for immune-related factors including TGF-β1, TNF-α, total IgE, and allergen-specific IgE. Immune factors were evaluated at baseline in a multivariate conditional logistic regression model, along with one additional model that incorporated the latest available measurement.ResultsA family history of glioma among first-degree relatives was associated with increased glioma risk (OR = 4.41, P = .002). In multivariate modeling of immune factors at baseline, increased respiratory allergen-specific IgE was inversely associated with glioma risk (OR for allergen-specific IgE > 0.35 PAU/L: 0.59, P = .03). A logistic regression model that incorporated the latest available measurements found a similar association for allergen-specific IgE (P = .005) and showed that elevated TGF-β1 was associated with increased glioma risk (P-value for trend <.0001).ConclusionThe results from this prospective prediagnostic study suggest that several immune-related factors are associated with glioma risk. The association observed for TGF-β1 when sampling closer to the time of diagnosis may reflect the nascent brain tumor's feedback on immune function

Regional trials at Esperence

79ES5 Methods of resowing clover into old Esperance sandplain: pasture. Condingup. 79ES6 Methods of resowing clover into old Esperance sandplain pasture. Condingup. 79ES34 Methods of resowing clover into old Esperance sandplain: pasture. Yerangatup. 79ES7 Nutrient response definition trial for clover on sandplain pasture. Gibson. 79ES8 Nutrient response definition trial for clover on sandplain pasture. Gibson. 79ES9 Nutrient response definition trial for clover on sandplain pasture. Condingup. 79ESl0 To test the need for lime in regenerating clover in old Esperance sandplain pastures. Condingup. 79ES11 To test the need for lime in regenerating clover in old Esperance sandplain pastures. Gibson 79ES12 To test the need for lime in regenerating clover in old Esperance sandplain pastures. Gibson. 79ES31(a) Pasture species screening trial Mt Ney 79ES31(b) Medic species Evaluation trial Mt. Ney 79ES32 Pasture species screening trial Mt Ney 79ES33 Pasture species screening trial Condingup 79ES49 Pasture species screening trial Condingup TRIALS ON ESPERANCE DOWNS RESEARCH STATION 79E2 Methods of cultivation trial for four crop species 79E3 Methods of cultivation nitrogen trial 79E4 Methods of cultivation phosphorus trial 79E6 Time of seeding minimum tillage trial for barley and rapeseed 79El5 1:1 rotation trial for wheat comparing a pure clover ley with a pasture ley 79E33 Grain drying trial for barley 79E34 Grain drying trial for wheat TRIALS ON SALMON GUMS RESEARCH STATION 79SG12 Methods of cultivation trial for cereals 79SG13 Fallow trial 79SG14 Mini Road trial for cereals on fallowed kumarl soils 79SG15 Mini Road trial for cereals on kumarl soils 79SG16 Mini Road trial for cereals on kopi soils 79SG17 Seeding rate trial for cereals on fallowed kumarl soils 79SG18 Seeding rate trial for cereals on kumarl soils 79SG19 Time of seeding trial for cereals on fallowed kumarl soils 79SG20 Time of seeding trial for cereals on kumarl soil 79SG21 Medic species evaluation trial. Salmon Gums 79SG22 Medic species evaluation trial W.Salmon Gums 79SG23 Medic species evaluation trial Circle Valley 79SG27 Fallow trial for kopi soils CONTINUING TRIALS 76ES37 Phosphorus sources trial Yerangatup 77E1 Phosphorus sources trial. Esperance Downs Research Statio

Impact of lung cancer screening results on participant health-related quality of life and state anxiety in the National Lung Screening Trial

BACKGROUND Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) lung screening has been associated with a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality. A major barrier to the adoption of lung screening is the potential negative psychological impact of a false-positive (FP) screen, occurring in 20% to 50% of those screened. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of abnormal findings on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and anxiety in the American College of Radiology (ACRIN)/National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). METHODS The NLST was a randomized screening trial comparing LDCT with chest X-ray screening (CXR). This study was part of the original protocol. A total of 2812 participants at 16 of 23 ACRIN sites who had baseline HRQoL assessments were asked to complete the Short Form-36 and the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (form Y-1) questionnaires to assess short-term (1 month) and long-term (6 months) effects of screening. FP were lung cancer–free at 1 year, and true-positives (TP) were not. RESULTS Of the total participants, 1024 (36.4%) participants were FP, 63 (2.2%) were TP, 344 (12.2%) had significant incidental findings (SIFs), and 1381 (49.1%) had negative screens. Participants had been randomized to LDCT (n = 1947) and CXR (n = 865). Short-term and long-term HRQoL and state anxiety did not differ across participants with FP, SIF, or negative screens. Short-term and long-term HRQoL were lower and anxiety was higher for TP participants compared to participants with FP, SIF, and negative screens. CONCLUSIONS In a large multicenter lung screening trial, participants receiving a false-positive or SIF screen result experienced no significant difference in HRQoL or state anxiety at 1 or at 6 months after screening relative to those receiving a negative result. Cancer 2014;120:3401–3409. © 2014 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. In a large multi-center lung screening trial, participants receiving a false positive or significant incidental finding screen result experienced no significant difference in health related quality of life or state anxiety at 1 or at 6 months after screening relative to those receiving a negative result

Prostate specific antigen for early detection of prostate cancer: longitudinal study

Objective To evaluate if prostate specific antigen test attains validity standards required for screening in view of recent prostate cancer screening trial results