856 research outputs found
Cultural transmission modes of music sampling traditions remain stable despite delocalization in the digital age
Music sampling is a common practice among hip-hop and electronic producers
that has played a critical role in the development of particular subgenres.
Artists preferentially sample drum breaks, and previous studies have suggested
that these may be culturally transmitted. With the advent of digital sampling
technologies and social media the modes of cultural transmission may have
shifted, and music communities may have become decoupled from geography. The
aim of the current study was to determine whether drum breaks are culturally
transmitted through musical collaboration networks, and to identify the factors
driving the evolution of these networks. Using network-based diffusion analysis
we found strong evidence for the cultural transmission of drum breaks via
collaboration between artists, and identified several demographic variables
that bias transmission. Additionally, using network evolution methods we found
evidence that the structure of the collaboration network is no longer biased by
geographic proximity after the year 2000, and that gender disparity has relaxed
over the same period. Despite the delocalization of communities by the
internet, collaboration remains a key transmission mode of music sampling
traditions. The results of this study provide valuable insight into how
demographic biases shape cultural transmission in complex networks, and how the
evolution of these networks has shifted in the digital age
The Relevance of Information Sources on Adoption of Precision Farming Technologies by Cotton Producers
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/16/11.strategic communication, competitiveness, extension, economics of information, technology diffusion, technology supply, communication methods, knowledge management, Production Economics, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession, D22, D80, D82, D83, Q12, Q16,
Passive sampling for emerging compounds: An Irish perspective
A collaborative project investigating the potential of passive sampling technologies and integrative sampling to meet chemical monitoring requirements of the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) in Ireland began in February 2013. Polar (POCIS) and non-Ââpolar (silicon rubber) passive sampling, grab samples and biota samples are being collected at ten sites across Ireland over two years. The first five sites (Fig. 1) are taking a catchment approach. All samples will be tested for emerging and priority compounds listed in the Environmental Quality Standard (EQS) Directive (2008/105/EC) and its 2012 amendment
Editorial: Building and delivering real-world, integrated sustainability solutions: Insights, methods and case-study applications
This Research Topic aims to showcase research, development and technology (RDT) work toward devising and delivering integrated solutions that support and enhance the climate smart landscape (CSL)-based approach. This Research Topic comprises 13 articles, including 10 Original Research articles,1 Review, 1 Hypothesis and Theory article, and 1 Technology Report. State-of-the-art modeling approaches and sampling technologies are showcased. Contributed papers present new methodological/technological innovation, findings, and/or insights across four themes: (1) landscape productivity and crop suitability, (2) variable crop requirements for water and nutrients,(3) crop health status, phenology and phenotyping, (4)crop disease assessment and prediction under integrated pest management (IPM) and the CSL approach
Performance recordivity : studio music in a live context
A broad range of positions is articulated in the academic literature around the relationship between recordings and live performance. Auslander (2008) argues that âlive performance ceased long ago to be the primary experience of popular music, with the result that most live performances of popular music now seek to replicate the music on the recordingâ. Elliott (1995) suggests that âhit songs are often conceived and produced as unambiguous and meticulously recorded performances that their originators often duplicate exactly in live performancesâ. Wurtzler (1992) argues that âas socially and historically produced, the categories of the live and the recorded are defined in a mutually exclusive relationship, in that the notion of the live is premised on the absence of recording and the defining fact of the recorded is the absence of the liveâ. Yet many artists perform in ways that fundamentally challenge such positions. Whilst it is common practice for musicians across many musical genres to compose and construct their musical works in the studio such that the recording is, in Auslanderâs words, the âoriginal performanceâ, the live version is not simply an attempt to replicate the recorded version. Indeed in some cases, such replication is impossible. There are well known historical examples. Queen, for example, never performed the a cappella sections of Bohemian Rhapsody because it they were too complex to perform live. A 1966 recording of the Beach Boys studio creation Good Vibrations shows them struggling through the song prior to its release. This paper argues that as technology develops, the lines between the recording studio and live performance change and become more blurred. New models for performance emerge. In a 2010 live performance given by Grammy Award winning artist Imogen Heap in New York, the artist undertakes a live, improvised construction of a piece as a performative act. She invites the audience to choose the key for the track and proceeds to layer up the various parts in front of the audience as a live performance act. Her recording process is thus revealed on stage in real time and she performs a process that what would have once been confined to the recording studio. So how do artists bring studio production processes into the live context? What aspects of studio production are now performable and what consistent models can be identified amongst the various approaches now seen? This paper will present an overview of approaches to performative realisations of studio produced tracks and will illuminate some emerging relationships between recorded music and performance across a range of contexts
Optimal experiment design in a filtering context with application to sampled network data
We examine the problem of optimal design in the context of filtering multiple
random walks. Specifically, we define the steady state E-optimal design
criterion and show that the underlying optimization problem leads to a second
order cone program. The developed methodology is applied to tracking network
flow volumes using sampled data, where the design variable corresponds to
controlling the sampling rate. The optimal design is numerically compared to a
myopic and a naive strategy. Finally, we relate our work to the general problem
of steady state optimal design for state space models.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/09-AOAS283 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Following the instruments and users: the mutual shaping of digital sampling technologies
The socio-musical practice of sampling is closely associated with the re-use
of pre-existing sound recordings and the technological processes of looping. These
practices, based on appropriation and repetition, have been particularly common within
the genres of hip-hop and Electronic Dance Music (EDM). Yet early digital sampling
instruments such as the Fairlight Computer Musical Instrument (CMI) were not
designed for these purposes. The technologists at Fairlight Instruments in Australia
were primarily interested in the use of digital synthesis to imitate the sounds of acoustic
instruments; sampling was a secondary concern. In the first half of the thesis, I follow
digital sampling instruments like the Fairlight CMI and the E-mu Emulator by drawing
on interviews with their designers and users to trace how they were used to sample the
sounds of everyday life, loop sequenced patterns of sampled sounds, and sample extracts
from pre-existing sound recordings. The second half of the thesis consists of case studies
that follow the users of digital sampling technologies across a range of socio-musical
worlds to examine the diversity of contemporary sampling practices. Using concepts
from the field of Science and Technology Studies (STS), this thesis focuses on the âuser-technology
nexusâ and continues a shift in the writing of histories of technologies from a
focus on the designers of technologies towards the contexts of use and âthe co-constructionâ
or âmutual shapingâ of technologies and their users. As an example of the
âinterpretative flexibilityâ of music technologies, digital sampling technologies were
used in ways unimagined by their designers and sampling became synonymous with re-appropriation.
My argument is that a history of digital sampling technologies needs to
be a history of both the designers and the users of digital sampling technologies
- âŠ