Prebiotic and Probiotic Fortified Milk in Prevention of Morbidities among Children: Community-Based, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

HN019 to milk, in preventing diarrhea, respiratory infections and severe illnesses, in children aged 1–4 years as part of a four group study design, running two studies simultaneously. HN019 (PP; n = 312). Children were followed up for 1 year providing data for 1–4 years. Biweekly household surveillance was conducted to gather information on compliance and morbidity. Both study groups were comparable at baseline; compliance to intervention was similar. Overall, there was no effect of prebiotic and probiotic on diarrhea (6% reduction, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: −1 to 12%; p = 0.08). Incidence of dysentery episodes was reduced by 21% (95% CI: 0 to 38%; p = 0.05). Incidence of pneumonia was reduced by 24% (95% CI: 0 to 42%; p = 0.05) and severe acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) by 35% (95% CI: 0 to 58%; p = 0.05). Compared to children in Co group, children in PP group had 16% (95% CI: 5 to 26%, p = 0.004) and 5% (95% CI: 0 to 10%; p = 0.05) reduction in days with severe illness and high fever respectively.Milk can be a good medium for delivery of prebiotic and probiotic and resulted in significant reduction of dysentery, respiratory morbidity and febrile illness. Overall, impact of diarrhea was not significant. These findings need confirmation in other settings

Specific prebiotics modulate gut microbiota and immune activation in HAART-naive HIV-infected adults: results of the “COPA” pilot randomized trial

Intestinal mucosal immune system is an early target for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, resulting in CD4+ T-cell depletion, deterioration of gut lining, and fecal microbiota composition. We evaluated the effects of a prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)-naive HIV-1-infected adults. In a pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 57 HAART-naive HIV-1-infected patients received a unique oligosaccharide mixture (15 or 30 g short chain galactooligosaccharides/long chain fructooligosaccharides/pectin hydrolysate-derived acidic oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS) daily) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Microbiota composition improved significantly with increased bifidobacteria, decreased Clostridium coccoides/Eubacterium rectale cluster, and decreased pathogenic Clostridium lituseburense/Clostridium histolyticum group levels upon prebiotic supplementation. In addition, a reduction of soluble CD14 (sCD14), activated CD4+/CD25+ T cells, and significantly increased natural killer (NK) cell activity when compared with control group were seen in the treatment group. The results of this pilot trial highly significantly show that dietary supplementation with a prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture results in improvement of the gut microbiota composition, reduction of sCD14, CD4+ T-cell activation (CD25), and improved NK cell activity in HAART-naive HIV-infected individuals

Penggunaan Prebiotik Oligosakarida Ekstrak Tepung Buah Rumbia (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) dalam Ransum terhadap Performan Ayam Pedaging

Effect of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in the ration on broiler performanceABSTRACT. Prebiotic oligosaccharides are thought to provide beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals by stimulating growth of selected members of the intestinal microflora. Prebiotic oligosaccharides are defined as nondigestible food ingredients that provide beneficial effects to the host by stimulating the growth of selected microbial members of the gastrointestinal tract. Among the colonic bacteria capable of metabolizing prebiotic oligosaccharides and whose growth is stimulated are species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Prebiotic oligosaccharides can be produced in transgli-cosylation reactions catalyzed by glycosidases. Glycosidases from different biological sources have specific ability to catalyze the formation of oligosaccharides with particular chain lengths (usually DP 7) and predominant glycosidic linkages. Oligosaccharide used this research was purified rumbia fruit extract as prebiotic for feed additive in the ration on broiler. The objectives of this research were to study the performance of broiler given of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (metroxylon sago Rottb.) in the ration. Two hundred day-old chicks of broiler were divided into three dietary treatments and four replications. Ration used was consisted of: R1 = basal ration (control), R2 = basal ration + 0,4% oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit, and R3 = basal ration + 0,4% frukto-oligosaccharide (FOS). The variables observed were: feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and production index. The result showed that the performances of the broiler supplemented prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (R2) was significantly (P 0.05) differences between of feed consumption, body weight, and mortality. It is concluded that of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit were able to decrease the mortality and feed consumption at six week of age

Penggunaan Prebiotik Oligosakarida Ekstrak Tepung Buah Rumbia (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) dalam Ransum terhadap Performan Ayam Pedaging

Effect of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (Metroxylon sago Rottb.) in the ration on broiler performance ABSTRACT. Prebiotic oligosaccharides are thought to provide beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals by stimulating growth of selected members of the intestinal microflora. Prebiotic oligosaccharides are defined as nondigestible food ingredients that provide beneficial effects to the host by stimulating the growth of selected microbial members of the gastrointestinal tract. Among the colonic bacteria capable of metabolizing prebiotic oligosaccharides and whose growth is stimulated are species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Prebiotic oligosaccharides can be produced in transgli-cosylation reactions catalyzed by glycosidases. Glycosidases from different biological sources have specific ability to catalyze the formation of oligosaccharides with particular chain lengths (usually DP < 7) and predominant glycosidic linkages. Oligosaccharide used this research was purified rumbia fruit extract as prebiotic for feed additive in the ration on broiler. The objectives of this research were to study the performance of broiler given of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (metroxylon sago Rottb.) in the ration. Two hundred day-old chicks of broiler were divided into three dietary treatments and four replications. Ration used was consisted of: R1 = basal ration (control), R2 = basal ration + 0,4% oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit, and R3 = basal ration + 0,4% frukto-oligosaccharide (FOS). The variables observed were: feed consumption, body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and production index. The result showed that the performances of the broiler supplemented prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit (R2) was significantly (P < 0.05) differences between of feed consumption, body weight, and mortality. It is concluded that of prebiotic oligosaccharide extract rumbia fruit were able to decrease the mortality and feed consumption at six week of age

The preparation of common prebiotic oligosaccharides with defined degree of polymerization

Prebiotics are a subset of dietary fiber that is growing in demand within the food industry. The health benefits of prebiotics have been well established, leading to the increase in its incorporation into various food products. Given the importance of prebiotics as functional ingredients, it is important to understand their sensory properties. However, such knowledge is not well established because commercially available prebiotics are a mixture of saccharides with varying degree of polymerization (DP), including mono- and disaccharides. The goals of this research were to develop fractionation methods to prepare common prebiotic oligosaccharides [i.e., fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), and xylooligosaccharides (XOS)] with well-defined DP from commercially available prebiotic oligosaccharides mixtures and to conduct chemical analysis to characterize the fractionated prebiotic oligosaccharides. To achieve the first goal, column chromatography was performed following principles of adsorption chromatography, whereby the analyte adsorbed to the surface of the stationary phase, then desorb and elute from the column by using a gradient mobile phase. During the chromatography run, cellulose was used as the stationary phase, whereas ethanol/water mixtures were used as the mobile phase. The packing material and solvents were selected based on their Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. The mobile phase was delivered to the column as a step gradient within the range of 85%-55% ethanol. The percentage used was determined by the solubility of the oligosaccharide, which were impacted by their chemical structures with heterogenous saccharides being more soluble (i.e., FOS, GOS) than homogenous saccharides (i.e., XOS). The specifics for chromatography conditions (i.e., sample load, volume of solvent, and mobile phase composition) differ based on the class of oligosaccharide and were tailored to best fit the separation capabilities of each oligosaccharide. It was important to find a balance between resolution, which impacted yield, and time taken for the chromatography run. Although the amount produced had relatively low (30-75%) recovery, the study made use of the fact that economical preparation does not require baseline resolution since the commercially available starting materials were relatively inexpensive. To confirm the identify and purity of the fractionated oligosaccharide preparations (FOS DP3, FOS DP4, GOS DP3, GOS DP4, XOS DP2, XOS DP3, and XOS DP4), various chemical analyses were performed. These included total carbohydrate analysis, moles quantification, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Total carbohydrate analysis found that each prebiotic fraction was approximately 99-100% carbohydrate on a dry weight basis. Results from the moles quantification experiment and NMR analysis confirmed that the DP corresponds with the targeted profile for each oligosaccharide. HPLC results further verified the identity and purity for each oligosaccharide preparation through comparison with commercially available standards. Overall, this research produced and characterized seven fractions of prebiotic oligosaccharides with distinct chemical structure. This economical method of obtaining purified, fractionated prebiotic oligosaccharide is valuable to researchers interested in studying the properties of prebiotic oligosaccharides with specific chain lengths

Prebiotic Oligosaccharides Potentiate Host Protective Responses against L. Monocytogenes Infection.

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are used to modulate enteric pathogens and reduce pathogen shedding. The interactions with prebiotics that alter Listeria monocytogenes infection are not yet clearly delineated. L. monocytogenes cellular invasion requires a concerted manipulation of host epithelial cell membrane receptors to initiate internalization and infection often via receptor glycosylation. Bacterial interactions with host glycans are intimately involved in modulating cellular responses through signaling cascades at the membrane and in intracellular compartments. Characterizing the mechanisms underpinning these modulations is essential for predictive use of dietary prebiotics to diminish pathogen association. We demonstrated that human milk oligosaccharide (HMO) pretreatment of colonic epithelial cells (Caco-2) led to a 50% decrease in Listeria association, while Biomos pretreatment increased host association by 150%. L. monocytogenes-induced gene expression changes due to oligosaccharide pretreatment revealed global alterations in host signaling pathways that resulted in differential subcellular localization of L. monocytogenes during early infection. Ultimately, HMO pretreatment led to bacterial clearance in Caco-2 cells via induction of the unfolded protein response and eIF2 signaling, while Biomos pretreatment resulted in the induction of host autophagy and L. monocytogenes vacuolar escape earlier in the infection progression. This study demonstrates the capacity of prebiotic oligosaccharides to minimize infection through induction of host-intrinsic protective responses

The effect of carbohydrases or prebiotic oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and the development of the small intestine and immune organs in broilers fed nutrient-adequate diets based on either wheat or barley

BACKGROUND: Non‐starch polysaccharides are large complex molecules and are found in cereal grains. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carbohydrase enzymes or prebiotic oligosaccharides on growth performance, nutrient utilisation and weight of organs associated with the immune system in broilers fed wheat‐ or barley‐based diets. RESULTS: In wheat‐based diets, feed intake was lower (P &lt; 0.05) following xylo‐oligosaccharide supplementation, whereas in barley‐based diets feed intake was greater (P &lt; 0.05) following β‐glucanase supplementation. Gross energy digestibility was improved (P &lt; 0.01) when either level of xylanase was added to wheat diets. Ileal digestible energy was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in wheat diets including an additive compared with the control diet. In wheat diets, bursa weight was lower (P &lt; 0.05) following xylo‐oligosaccharide supplementation compared with the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that supplemented carbohydrases or prebiotic oligosaccharides could alter the development of immune organs or small intestine without any significant effect on growth performance in broilers receiving nutrient‐adequate diets

Xylanase and xylo- oligosaccharide prebiotic improve the growth performance and concentration of potentially prebiotic oligosaccharides in the ileum of broiler chickens

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementing broiler diets with xylanase or xylo- oligosaccharide (XOS) on growth performance, the concentration of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) hydrolysis products in the ileum and concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the caeca of broiler chickens. In total, 500 male Ross 308 broilers were used in this 29-day (d) study. The treatments were organised into a 2×2 plus 1 factorial arrangement consisting of two additives (xylanase or XOS) at two levels (low or high) plus a control treatment with no additives. This gave five treatments with 100 bird in each treatment group. The diets were slightly deficient in protein by 20 g/kg and energy by 1 MJ/kg. On d 14 and 28, two birds per pen were euthanised, the caeca content collected and analysed for short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration. On d 29, six birds per pen were euthanised and ileal digesta were collected and analysed for the concentration of NSP fractions. On d 14, caecal acetic acid, iso-butyric acid, iso-valeric acid, n-valeric acid and total SCFA concentrations were significantly greater (P≤0.05) when diets were supplemented with XOS compared with xylanase. Ileal concentration of arabinose, galactose and glucuronic acid (GlucA2) were significantly greater (P≤0.05) in the insoluble NSP fraction when diets were supplemented with a high level of xylanase, compared with the control treatment. Ileal concentration of fructose was significantly greater (P≤0.05) in the water soluble NSP when a high level of xylanase or low level of XOS were included in the diet compared with the control. It was concluded that xylanase and XOS had similar effects on NSP concentration and SCFA in the caeca, although there was little effect on performance. This observation demonstrated further benefits of xylanase supplementation in wheat-based broiler diets beyond digesta viscosity reduction and the release of extra nutrients

Effects of probiotics on child growth : a systematic review

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