PERFORMANCES COMPARISON BETWEEN URBAN AND RURAL PIG FARMING SYSTEMS IN MANOKWARI, WEST PAPUA PROVINCE INDONESIA

Pigs are kept both in urban and rural areas. This research identified the performance differences between urban and rural farming systems. The study was conducted in Manokwari regency and involved six districts, i.e. Nothern Manokwari district, Eastern Manokari District, Western Manokwari district,Warmare district, Prafi district and Masni district. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0, an independent-samples T test was run to compare urban and rural pig farming systems. The research found that there were differences of ages and feeding hours (P<0.05) between those two farming systems. Therewere no differences in household members, experience, average pig owned, working hours, selling period, litter size and number of farrowing. There are nine point of pig farming improvement that should be done to sustain pig farming systems in Manokwari Papua. Education may be improved by provide informal and skillful education. Pig ownership should be increased. Working hours must be increased. Pig keeping in the pens should be done by farmers. Managing pigs with additional time is important so that pigs will be maintained well. Litter sizes both in urban and rural are low, therefore further improvements are needed. Recording pig productivities must be done by every farmer.(Key words: Arfak pig farmers, Pig performance, Rural pig farming, Urban pig farming

Price transmission along the Lithuanian pigmeat supply chain

Introduction. The paper analyses structural changes of pig farming in Lithuania and explores price behaviour along the Lithuanian pigmeat supply chain. Materials and methods. The conducted study uses annual indicators collected by Statistics Lithuania and weekly prices published by SE ‘Agricultural Information and Rural Business Centre’ (AIRBC). Methods of comparative analysis and graphical representation allow investigating the most important changes of Lithuanian pig farming. Price behaviour is studied employing econometric tests showing the characteristics of the analysed pigmeat price series and different aspects of price relations in the short- and long-term perspective. Results and discussion. The share of small and medium-sized farms with less than 10 pigs is decreasing in the structure of pig farms, while farmer and family farms have lost their key role in pig farming, in particular between 2004 and 2018. This development direction of pig farming was caused by multiple factors, including the change of business environment after 2004, transformation of agricultural support model and aftermaths of price hikes, the impact of governmental intervention due to the integration into the Eurozone, as well as animal health issues. Price transmission analysis demonstrates that pork market had faced several critical shocks that had an impact on price behaviour and stakeholders’ welfare. Granger causality test shows price setting direction from retail to farm, while, in the long run, the hypothesis of asymmetric behaviour is not supported. Conclusions. The study confirms dramatic change of Lithuanian pig farming sector and the need of additional support mechanism to foster a structure of pig farming that allows the co-existence of different types of farms. A price transmission study shows market efficiency problems in the short-run that could have a negative impact on farmers’ welfare

ANALISIS USAHA TERNAK BABI DI KECAMATAN SONDER KABUPATEN MINAHASA

ANALYSIS OF PIG FARMING IN SONDERDISTRICTMINAHASA REGENCY. Pigs are developed by the community in Minahasa Regency as a business that supports the livestock farmers' economy. The development of pig farming in this area was carried out in order to increase consumption of animal protein. The problem is that the development of pig farms is not continuous and there have not known factors that influence pork production. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing production factors that influence the production of pig farming in Sonder District, Minahasa Regency. Survey method was  used with direct observation in the field. Sources of data collected are primary and secondary data. Location samples and respondents were determined by using of Cluster Random Sampling metho. Data analysis was conducted by useing descriptive analysis. The results showed that pigs were sold in the form of seeds (starter period pigs) and pork per kg. The price of seeds is Rp. 900,000 per head and the price of pork is Rp. 60,000 per kg. Based on the study  results showed that the factors such as feed, labor and cage  simultaneously had a significant effect on pig production. Keywords: Pigs, cages, labor, fee

Environmental Dynamics in Animal Waste Reclamation in the Scaling up of Livestock in Thailand

Thailand has seen a scaling up of pig production in numbers and structure. Nonetheless, in-house separation and agricultural reclamation of pig solid waste are common practice. Waste reclamation is not taking place under small-scale farming and its environmental dynamics cannot be simply understood as a direct projection to larger scales. Scaling up has transformed the environmental significance of waste reclamation, including waste transfer from livestock to agriculture farmers. Waste transfer benefits pig farmers by trade and removal of waste by agriculture and aquaculture farmers and is key to the environmental dynamics of pig production. However, waste reclamation is not clearly defined as a management option in environmental frameworks. Waste management is mainly addressed as in-farm wastewater with limited attention to agro-environmental values of present practices. To recognise present practices in agro-environmental policies this thesis suggests a descriptive strategy focused on the transfer of waste. Such strategy would avoid command-and-control norms, avoid conflicting with an environmental culture centered in biogas technology and support knowledge transfer in agriculture. A focus on waste transfer from animal farms to agriculture [and aquaculture] plots is interpreted as off-site waste management. Off-site waste management calls for the inclusion of geographical variables beyond animal farms. This leads to an extended area of environmental influence (EAEI). Resulting environmental dynamics allows an interpretation of environment beyond resource in classical agricultural geography to a connotation where environment is also significant to agriculture and livestock because of the impacts from production. The recognition of reclamation practices and, consequently, of the integral environmental dynamics, and hence the connotation of environment, would contribute to connect livestock with agriculture through environmental geography. Intensive livestock is then defined as distribution and not location. Formalisation of reclamation practices entails the acknowledgment of agro-ecological cycles in livestock

ANALISA KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL USAHA PETERNAKAN BABI DI KABUPATEN MALANG

This study aimed to determine the income of farmers and analyze the financial feasibility of a pig farming business in Malang Regency. The method used in this research is a case study or case study method. The technique used in sampling is purposive sampling. Analyzing the data is by calculating the amount of income, R/C Ratio, Break Event Point (BEP), and Payback Period (PP). The results show that the average amount received from pig farming is Rp. 3.812.500.000 each year. Financial analysis shows the value of the R/C Ratio is 2.07, BEP production is 1.168.6 Kg, and BEP at Rp. 1.095.562, PP value is one year 29 days

Exploring the economical potential of two food forest farms in the Netherlands

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Organic Pig Production in Europe - Health Management in Common Organic Pig Farming

Organic farmers in Europe have developed different housing systems for pigs based on the availability of land, soil characteristics, climate, tradition and national organic certification schemes. This guide gives an overview of the typical housing systems used for pigs in organic farming. It lists advantages and disadvantages of the different systems and provides relevant recommendations to farmers for health managment

Antibioticaresistentie in de biologische varkenshouderij : komt MRSA ook voor bij biologische varkens en hun verzorgers?

This research confirms the expectation that within the organic pig farming the prevalence of MRSA is lower than in conventional pig farming. However, the problem of MRSA does exist in organic pig farming as well, and therefore it is also important in organic pig farming to pay attention to reducing the risk factors for the spread of MRSA