Microlobiusxylon paranaensis gen. et sp. nov. (fabaceae, mimosoideae) from the pliocene-pleistocene of ituzaingó formation, paraná basin, Argentina

A fossil wood with Fabaceae affinity from the Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments of Ituzaingó Formation is described. The silicified wood was collected at the Toma Vieja fossil locality, Paraná Basin, Argentina. The relationship and comparison with the nearest living relatives (NLRs) are discussed. Wood anatomical characters suggest an affinity with the genus Microlobius C. Presl. In South America, the genus Microlobius occurs in Brazil, Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Argentina (Chaco and Formosa) and Paraguay and is an important extant element of the Paraguay-Paraná system. The presence of this fossil in the Ituzaingó Formation supports the idea that the morphogenus Microlobiusxylon might have been an important component of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) during the Pliocene-Pleistocene. Today, this forest type has a relict distribution, occurring in isolated localities in the north of Argentina, southeast of Bolivia and Brazil, but in the past were more widespread to the east and south in South America. The presence of Microlobiusxylon paranaensis gen. et sp. nov. would indicate a temperate-warm climate during the Pliocene-Pleistocene.É descrita uma madeira fóssil afim à família Fabaceae em sedimentitos plio-pleistocênicos da Formação Ituzaingó. A madeira silicificada foi coletada na localidade fossilífera Toma Vieja (Paraná, Argentina). O lenho fóssil foi comparado com seu parente atual mais próximo. Sua estrutura anatômica sugere afinidade com o gênero Microlobius C. Presl. Na América do Sul, o gênero Microlobius aparece no Brasil, Bolívia (Santa Cruz), Argentina (Chaco e Formosa) e Paraguai, e é um gênero importante do sistema Paraguai-Paraná. A presença deste fóssil na Formação Ituzaingó avaliza a ideia de que o morfogênero Microlobiusxylon foi um membro importante das florestas tropicais sazonais (SDTFs) durante o Plio-Pleistoceno. Estas florestas são relictos em localidades isoladas no norte da Argentina e no sudeste da Bolívia e do Brasil, mas no passado estendeu-se mais para o leste e o sul da América do Sul. Microlobiusxylon paranaensis gen. et sp. nov.sugere a vigência de um clima temperado-cálido ao longo do Plio-Pleistoceno.Fil: Franco, María Jimena. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; ArgentinaFil: Brea, Mariana. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentin

Acaciapollenites acaciae sp. nov., una nueva políade de mimosoidea del neógeno, en la Cuenca del Colorado, Argentina

Fossil mimosoid polyads have been recently recovered from Neogene deposits in the Colorado Basin, Argentina, and the new species Acaciapollenites acaciae sp. nov. is described, which is closely similar to polyads of species included in Acacia Miller subgenus Acacia Vassal. It is characterized by colporate apertures on the distal face of the pollen grains, a typical polyad of the subgenus Acacia species. The new polyad species is very similar to those of the extant Acacia curvifructa Burkart. Comparing the habitat of subgenus Acacia extant species, the Acaciapollenites acaciae occurrence suggests drier and warmer paleoclimatic conditions than today for the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene in the Colorado Basin. Paleogeographic data of Acacia pollen diversity are discussed. A similar early diversification and distribution of Acacia genus is recognized for the new and old worldPolíades afines a Mimoisoideas fueron recuperadas de depósitos del Neógeno de la cuenca del Colorado, Argentina. Por sus detalles morfológicos es reconocida una nueva especie con afinidad botánica a las especies actuales del género Acacia, subgénero Acacia. Acaciapollenites acaciae sp. nov. se distingue por presentar aperturas colporadas sobre la superficie distal de sus granos de polen, políade típica de las especies del subgénero Acacia. La nueva especie de políade se compara con las de la especie actual Acacia curvifructa. Comparando el hábitat de las actuales especies del subgénero Acacia, la presencia de Acaciapollenites acaciae en el Neógeno de la cuenca del Colorado, sugiere condiciones paleoclimáticas mas áridas y cálidas que las de hoy día. Se discuten los datos paleogeográficos de la diversidad de Acacia. Es reconocida tanto para el nuevo como para el viejo mundo, una temprana diversificación y dispersión del género.Fil: Caccavari, Marta Alicia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; ArgentinaFil: Guler, Maria Veronica. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Geología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Molecular phylogeny and diversification history of Prosopis (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae)

The genus Prosopis is an important member of arid and semiarid environments around the world. To study Prosopis diversification and evolution, a combined approach including molecular phylogeny, molecular dating, and character optimization analysis was applied. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred from five different molecular markers (matK-trnK, trnL-trnF, trnS-psbC, G3pdh, NIA). Taxon sampling involved a total of 30 Prosopis species that represented all Sections and Series and the complete geographical range of the genus. The results suggest that Prosopis is not a natural group. Molecular dating analysis indicates that the divergence between Section Strombocarpa and Section Algarobia plus Section Monilicarpa occurred in the Oligocene, contrasting with a much recent diversification (Late Miocene) within each of these groups. The diversification of the group formed by species of Series Chilenses, Pallidae, and Ruscifoliae is inferred to have started in the Pliocene, showing a high diversification rate. The moment of diversification within the major lineages of American species of Prosopis is coincident with the spreading of arid areas in the Americas, suggesting a climatic control for diversification of the group. Optimization of habitat parameters suggests an ancient occupation of arid environments by Prosopis species.Fil: Catalano, Santiago Andres. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico - Tucumán. Unidad Ejecutora Lillo; ArgentinaFil: Vilardi, Juan Cesar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Tosto, Daniela Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas; ArgentinaFil: Saidman, Beatriz Ofelia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Genetic diversity, taxonomy and legumins implications of seed storage protein profiling in Fabaceae

Proteomic evidences can be pivotal to the discovery of new plant proteins and plant relationships, due to the diversity of form it can reveal. Seed storage protein profiles of 20 Fabaceae species: 4 grain - legumes and 16 non-pulses; of 16 genera and 10 tribes were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to estimate protein content diversity and the possible genetic relatedness.28.3% similarity and 71.7% proteomic polymorphism was scored for the species. The high variability expressed by the lot reflects the genetic diversity amongst Fabaceae population. Dendrogram based on the proteomic data clustered the species into four groups. Aside two species, Albizia lebbeck and Albizia zygia belonging to the tribe Ingeae and those of the tribe Caesalpinieae, the other species clustered with several other non-traditional cohorts resulting in a rearrangement that showed least semblance with phylogenetic relationships based on traditional morphology taxonomic delimitation. The similarity in profiles can be preliminarily forensic for proteins of importance whether for nutritional, industrial or for improvement of existing crops or for entirely new plants as crops. The protein mix, and the resultant relationship based on seed storage proteins instigates a review of erstwhile taxonomic, agricultural and research perspectives for the Fabaceae

Rare or threatened vascular plant species of Wollemi National Park, central eastern New South Wales

Wollemi National Park (c. 32o 20’– 33o 30’S, 150o– 151oE), approximately 100 km north-west of Sydney, conserves over 500 000 ha of the Triassic sandstone environments of the Central Coast and Tablelands of New South Wales, and occupies approximately 25% of the Sydney Basin biogeographical region. 94 taxa of conservation significance have been recorded and Wollemi is recognised as an important reservoir of rare and uncommon plant taxa, conserving more than 20% of all listed threatened species for the Central Coast, Central Tablelands and Central Western Slopes botanical divisions. For a land area occupying only 0.05% of these divisions, Wollemi is of paramount importance in regional conservation. Surveys within Wollemi National Park over the last decade have recorded several new populations of significant vascular plant species, including some sizeable range extensions. This paper summarises the current status of all rare or threatened taxa, describes habitat and associated species for many of these and proposes IUCN (2001) codes for all, as well as suggesting revisions to current conservation risk codes for some species. For Wollemi National Park 37 species are currently listed as Endangered (15 species) or Vulnerable (22 species) under the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. An additional 50 species are currently listed as nationally rare under the Briggs and Leigh (1996) classification, or have been suggested as such by various workers. Seven species are awaiting further taxonomic investigation, including Eucalyptus sp. ‘Howes Swamp Creek’ (Doherty 26), known from a single location within the park, and Pultenaea sp. (Olinda) from Dunns Swamp – both these species remain undescribed, but are listed as endangered species. After applying IUCN criteria to the 94 taxa, 2 are considered Critically Endangered; 11 are considered Endangered; 23 are considered Vulnerable; 3 are considered Near Threatened; 19 are considered Data Deficient; and 36 are considered of Least Concern. It is likely that additional highly restricted plant taxa await discovery in remote locations

Cross-amplification and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers from Acacia (Senegalia) mellifera and Acacia brevispica to Acacia senegal (L.) Willd.

Seven polymorphic microsatellite markers isolated from Acacia brevispica and Acacia mellifera were successfully cross-amplified in Acacia senegal. The loci were surveyed for polymorphism using 30 samples. Allelic diversity ranged from 4 (Ame02, Ab06 and Ab18) to 13 (Ab26) per locus. The expected heterozygosity (HE) ranged from 0.543 (Ame02) to 0.868 (Ab26) while observed heterozygosity (HO) ranged from 0.516 (Ame05) to 0.800 (Ame03). Cross amplification of these loci represents a potential source of co-dominant marker and will be useful in the study of genetic diversity, structure, gene flow and breeding systems of this important Acacia species

Dormición física de las semillas de leguminosas nativas de Argentina

Leguminosae es una familia con un alto valor de uso como alimento, forraje, medicina y para fines ornamentales y de restauración ecológica. Uno de los principales problemas para el uso y manejo de muchas de estas especies es la presencia de semillas con dormición física. En el presente trabajo se evaluó la presencia de dormición física en nueve especies nativas de Argentina y los posibles métodos que permitan la salida de este estado. Las semillas de Caesalpinia gilliesii, Geoffroea decorticans y Prosopis alpataco presentaron semillas sin dormición, mientras que las semillas de Crotalaria incana, C. pumila, C. stipularia, Desmanthus virgatus, Galactia texana y Senna aphylla presentaron dormición física. Los métodos más eficientes para romper la dormición física de las semillas de las especies del género Crotalaria fueron la escarificación mecánica y el calor húmedo (100°C); la escarificación mecánica, la química (ácido sulfúrico: 20 y 30 minutos) y la escarificación con calor húmedo (80 y 100°C) para D. virgatus; la escarificación mecánica para G. texana; y la escarificación mecánica y la química (ácido sulfúrico: 10, 20 y 30 minutos) para S. aphylla. Estos resultados contribuyen al conocimiento de la biología de las semillas de estas especies y a su utilización en programas de propagación de plantas en invernaderos, restauración ecológica y conservación.Leguminosae is a family with high value of use for food, medicine, forage, ornamental and restoration ecology purposes. One obstacle for the use and management of many legume species is the presence of seeds with physical dormancy. Here, we evaluated the presence of physical dormancy in nine native species of Argentina and identified possible methods for breaking dormancy. Caesalpinia gilliesii, Geoffroea decorticans, and Prosopis alpataco have seeds with no physical dormancy, whereas Crotalaria incana, C. pumila, C. stipularia, Desmanthus virgatus, Galactia texana, and Senna aphylla have seeds with physical dormancy. The most effective methods for breaking physical dormancy were mechanical and wet heat (100°C) scarification for Crotalaria spp.; mechanical, acid (20 and 30 min) and wet heat scarification (80 and 100°C) for D. virgatus; mechanical scarification for G. texana and mechanical and all acid scarification treatments for S. aphylla. These results contribute to the knowledge of the germination biology for these species, and are of particular interest for their propagation in glasshouse and for restoration and conservation programs.Fil: Galindez, Guadalupe. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ceccato, Diana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Malagrina, Gisela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Pidal, Barbara. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Chilo, Gladys. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria; ArgentinaFil: Bach, Hernán Gerónimo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Fortunato, Renée Hersilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación de Recursos Naturales. Instituto de Recursos Biológicos; ArgentinaFil: Ortega Baes, Francisco Pablo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Escuela de Agronomía. Laboratorio de Investigaciones Botánicas; Argentin

Nodulation of Native Legumes in Pakistani Rangelands

Nodulation was studied in 161 legumes (9 Caesalpinioideae, 19 Mimosoideae and 133 Papilionoideae) native in Pakistani rangelands. This consisted of two tribes of Caesalpinioideae, three tribes of Mimosoideae and 16 tribes of Papilionoideae. Legume species in Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae were all nodulated to various degrees. However, all the 9 legume species in Caesalpinioideae (tribe Caesalpinieae and Cassieae) appeared non-nodulated after repeated investigation in the field. Nodulation of a wide range of legume species in Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae indicates a widespread distribution of compatible rhizobia across the Pakistani rangelands. Nodules were observed even under adverse rangeland conditions which included extreme temperatures, salinity, drought, waterlogged, marginal and eroded soils with low fertility. The legume distribution brings out the importance of this family in the rangelands in terms of abundance of leguminous herbs, shrubs and trees. Nodulation study of these legumes will stimulate their utilization in soil fertility improvement programs, up grading rangeland soils and reforestation of derelict sites. Further research on nodulation status, nitrogen fixation capacity, physiological adaptations and genetic diversity of these legumes will provide fundamental knowledge for their conservation and utilization in different agro-climatic and physiographical regions

A unifying study of phenotypic and molecular genetic variability in natural populations of Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil from Yungas and Paranaense biogeographic provinces in Argentina

Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil is a native tree species in the South American subtropical forests that is discontinuously distributed. Thirteen quantitative traits and eight nuclear microsatellite loci were examined in individuals from two biogeographic provinces of Argentina in order to determine the number and composition of genetically distinguishable groups of individuals and explore possible spatial patterns of thephenotypic and genetic variability. Means of reproductive traits were higher in the Yungas than in the Paranaense biogeographic province whereas five out of eight non-reproductive quantitative traits showed higher mean values in the latter. Variance coefficients were moderate, and Analyses of Variance resulted in significant differences between and within provinces. Three clusters were defined based on spatial model for cluster membership for quantitative traits. One cluster grouped the individuals from the Paranaense biogeographic province whereas the individuals from the Yungas biogeographic province grouped regarding its population of origin. Parameters of molecular genetic variability showed higher values in the Yungas than in the Paranaense biogeographic province. Observed heterozygosity was lower than expected heterozygosity in both biogeographic provinces indicating an excess of homozygosity. The homozygosity test by Watterson and the exact test by Slatkin suggested diversifying selection for locus Ac41.1. Bayesian clustering spatial model for microsatellites loci data were performed for both all loci and all loci excluding locus Ac41.1. In both analyses two clusters were inferred. AMOVAs revealed similar results for all genotypes and for all genotypes defined excluding locus Ac41.1. Most of the total variance is attributable to genetic variation within clusters. The presence of homogeneous clusters was detected for both the phenotypic and molecular genetic variability. Two Bayesian clustering analyses were performed according to molecular genetic data, and two clusters were inferred. Individuals were assigned to their provinces of origin. Genetic molecular variation was higher in the populations of the Yungas biogeographic province which translates in highly qualified populations for conservation. Populations from the Paranaense biogeographic province showed the highest mean value of number of seeds per fruit making them valuable as well with regard to the exploitation of management strategies as a means to recover the impacted areas where these populations are located.Fil: García, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Prinz, Kathleen. Universität Göttingen; Alemania. Universitat Jena; AlemaniaFil: Barrandeguy, Maria Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Miretti, Marcos Mateo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de Biología Subtropical. Instituto de Biología Subtropical - Nodo Posadas; ArgentinaFil: Finkeldey, Reiner. Universitat Jena; Alemani