Magnetohydrodynamic Shallow Water Waves: Linear Analysis

We present a linear analysis of inviscid, incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) shallow water systems. In spherical geometry, a generic property of such systems is the existence of five wave modes. Three of them (two magneto-Poincare modes and one magneto-Rossby mode) are previously known. The other two wave modes are strongly influenced by the magnetic field and rotation, and have substantially lower angular frequencies; as such, we term them "magnetostrophic modes". We obtain analytical functions for the velocity, height and magnetic field perturbations in the limit that the magnitude of the MHD analogue of Lamb's parameter is large. On a sphere, the magnetostrophic modes reside near the poles, while the other modes are equatorially confined. Magnetostrophic modes may be an ingredient in explaining the frequency drifts observed in Type I X-ray bursts from neutron stars.Comment: 15 pages (emulateapj), 4 figures. Accepted by ApJ (no changes in text from previous versions, but ApJ wants no acronyms in title). To appear in Oct 2009, Vol 703/704 of the Astrophysical Journa

Black Hole Hair Removal: Non-linear Analysis

BMPV black holes in flat transverse space and in Taub-NUT space have identical near horizon geometries but different microscopic degeneracies. It has been proposed that this difference can be accounted for by different contribution to the degeneracies of these black holes from hair modes, -- degrees of freedom living outside the horizon. In this paper we explicitly construct the hair modes of these two black holes as finite bosonic and fermionic deformations of the black hole solution satisfying the full non-linear equations of motion of supergravity and preserving the supersymmetry of the original solutions. Special care is taken to ensure that these solutions do not have any curvature singularity at the future horizon when viewed as the full ten dimensional geometry. We show that after removing the contribution due to the hair degrees of freedom from the microscopic partition function, the partition functions of the two black holes agree.Comment: 40 pages, LaTe

Regional Agglomeration in Portugal: A Linear Analysis

This work aims to study the Portuguese regional agglomeration process, using the linear form the New Economic Geography models that emphasize the importance of spatial factors (distance, costs of transport and communication) in explaining of the concentration of economic activity in certain locations. In a theoretical context, it is intended to explain the complementarily of clustering models, associated with the New Economic Geography, and polarization associated with the Keynesian tradition, describing the mechanisms by which these processes are based. As a summary conclusion, we can say which the agglomeration process shows some signs of concentration in Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (which is evidence of regional divergence in Portugal) and the productivity factor significantly improves the results that explain the regional clustering in Portugal (despite being ignored in the models of New Economic Geography)

Gravitational Fragmentation of Expanding Shells. I. Linear Analysis

We perform a linear perturbation analysis of expanding shells driven by expansions of HII regions. The ambient gas is assumed to be uniform. As an unperturbed state, we develop a semi-analytic method for deriving the time evolution of the density profile across the thickness. It is found that the time evolution of the density profile can be divided into three evolutionary phases, deceleration-dominated, intermediate, and self-gravity-dominated phases. The density peak moves relatively from the shock front to the contact discontinuity as the shell expands. We perform a linear analysis taking into account the asymmetric density profile obtained by the semi-analytic method, and imposing the boundary conditions for the shock front and the contact discontinuity while the evolutionary effect of the shell is neglected. It is found that the growth rate is enhanced compared with the previous studies based on the thin-shell approximation. This is due to the boundary effect of the contact discontinuity and asymmetric density profile that were not taken into account in previous works.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journa

Gravitational Fragmentation of Expanding Shells. I. Linear Analysis

We perform a linear perturbation analysis of expanding shells driven by expansions of HII regions. The ambient gas is assumed to be uniform. As an unperturbed state, we develop a semi-analytic method for deriving the time evolution of the density profile across the thickness. It is found that the time evolution of the density profile can be divided into three evolutionary phases, deceleration-dominated, intermediate, and self-gravity-dominated phases. The density peak moves relatively from the shock front to the contact discontinuity as the shell expands. We perform a linear analysis taking into account the asymmetric density profile obtained by the semi-analytic method, and imposing the boundary conditions for the shock front and the contact discontinuity while the evolutionary effect of the shell is neglected. It is found that the growth rate is enhanced compared with the previous studies based on the thin-shell approximation. This is due to the boundary effect of the contact discontinuity and asymmetric density profile that were not taken into account in previous works.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the Astrophysical Journa

Periodicity makes galactic shocks unstable - I. Linear analysis

We study the dynamical stability of stationary galactic spiral shocks. The steady-state equilibrium flow contains a shock of the type derived by Roberts in the tightly wound approximation. We find that boundary conditions are critical in determining whether the solutions are stable or not. Shocks are unstable if periodic boundary conditions are imposed. For intermediate strengths of the spiral potential, the instability disappears if boundary conditions are imposed such that the upstream flow is left unperturbed as in the classic analysis of D'yakov and Kontorovich. This reconciles apparently contradictory findings of previous authors regarding the stability of spiral shocks. This also shows that the instability is distinct from the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, confirming the findings of Kim et al. We suggest that instability is a general characteristics of periodic shocks, regardless of the presence of shear, and provide a physical picture as to why this is the case. For strong spiral potentials, high post-shock shear makes the system unstable also to parasitic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability regardless of the boundary conditions. Our analysis is performed in the context of a simplified problem that, while preserving all the important characteristics of the original problem, strips it from unnecessary complications, and assumes that the gas is isothermal, non self-gravitating, non-magnetised.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

Regional agglomeration in Portugal: a linear analysis

This work aims to study the Portuguese regional agglomeration process, using the linear form the New Economic Geography models that emphasize the importance of spatial factors (distance, costs of transport and communication) in explaining of the concentration of economic activity in certain locations. In a theoretical context, it is intended to explain the complementarily of clustering models, associated with the New Economic Geography, and polarization associated with the Keynesian tradition, describing the mechanisms by which these processes are based. As a summary conclusion, we can say which the agglomeration process shows some signs of concentration in Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (which is evidence of regional divergence in Portugal) and the productivity factor significantly improves the results that explain the regional clustering in Portugal (despite being ignored in the models of New Economic Geography).agglomeration; Portuguese regions; linear models

Linear analysis of a force reflective teleoperator

Complex force reflective teleoperation systems are often very difficult to analyze due to the large number of components and control loops involved. One mode of a force reflective teleoperator is described. An analysis of the performance of the system based on a linear analysis of the general full order model is presented. Reduced order models are derived and correlated with the full order models. Basic effects of force feedback and position feedback are examined and the effects of time delays between the master and slave are studied. The results show that with symmetrical position-position control of teleoperators, a basic trade off must be made between the intersystem stiffness of the teleoperator, and the impedance felt by the operator in free space