Why Consumers Talk: An Investigation of the Extrinsic Motivators of Electronic Word of Mouth

We investigate the relative effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on online consumer word of mouth. Specifically, we examine how the influence of product satisfaction – an intrinsic motivator – compares to three extrinsic motivators, i.e., product life cycle stage, product attributes and expert opinions, in stimulating electronic word of mouth. We also examine the roles of different types of product attributes in generating electronic word of mouth. The context of our investigation is electronic word of mouth for automobiles. Our results suggest that while intrinsic motivators do play a strong role in generating electronic word of mouth, extrinsic motivators such as the product’s life cycle stage, its attributes and experts’ opinions play a stronger role. Specifically, new products are likely to generate more word of mouth than older ones. Following the product’s life cycle stage in importance are the product’s attributes and expert opinions, in that order, in their influence. We also provide implications for additional research on the role of extrinsic motivators in generating consumer word of mouth

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DIVIDEN PERUSAHAAN NON-KEUANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2015

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang menentukan kebijakan dividen perusahaan seperti kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial, free cash flow, investment opportunity, leverage, life cycle stage, firm size, volatility, dan profitabilitas pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan pendekatan teori keagenan dividen dan signaling dividend theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda untuk melakukan analisis data. Target populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2015 yang berjumlah sebanyak 1530 observasi. Selanjutnya juga dilakukan uji sensitivitas dengan membagi target populasi menjadi sektoral. Variabel independen dari penelitian ini adalah kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial, free cash flow, investment opportunity, leverage, life cycle stage, firm size, volatility, dan profitabilitas. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kepemilikan institusional, leverage, dan life cycle stage berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap dividend payout ratio. Di lain sisi, kepemilikan manajerial, profitabilitas, dan firm size berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap dividend payout ratio. Sementara itu, free cash flow, investment opportunity, dan volatility tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap dividend payout ratio

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI DIVIDEN PERUSAHAAN NON-KEUANGAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2011-2015

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti faktor-faktor yang menentukan kebijakan dividen perusahaan seperti kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial, free cash flow, investment opportunity, leverage, life cycle stage, firm size, volatility, dan profitabilitas pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dengan pendekatan teori keagenan dividen dan signaling dividend theory. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode regresi linear berganda untuk melakukan analisis data. Target populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan non-keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2011-2015 yang berjumlah sebanyak 1530 observasi. Selanjutnya juga dilakukan uji sensitivitas dengan membagi target populasi menjadi sektoral. Variabel independen dari penelitian ini adalah kepemilikan institusional, kepemilikan manajerial, free cash flow, investment opportunity, leverage, life cycle stage, firm size, volatility, dan profitabilitas. Temuan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kepemilikan institusional, leverage, dan life cycle stage berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap dividend payout ratio. Di lain sisi, kepemilikan manajerial, profitabilitas, dan firm size berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap dividend payout ratio. Sementara itu, free cash flow, investment opportunity, dan volatility tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap dividend payout ratio

TOURIST AREA LIFE CYCLE STAGE AND THE IMPACT OF A CRISIS

This paper examines the relationship between the tourist area life cycle and the recovery period following a crisis. There have been many studies of the tourist area life cycle theory and its application to the evolution of a tourism destination or resort. While it is clear that a tourism destination follows an asymptotic curve from its inception through development and stagnation, it is not clear how destinations in various stages of the tourist area life cycle are impacted by a crisis. This study focuses on two countries in Southeast Asia (Singapore and Vietnam) that are indifferent stages of the life cycle. The purpose of the study is to examine the relative impact of the SARS epidemic on the visitor arrivals of the two nations. Both ASEAN nations were exposed to the crisis, and the results show that the impact of the crisis, and the resulting recovery, did vary according to the life cycle stage

Organizational Structure of Open Source Projects: A Life Cycle Approach

The structure of open source project communities is discussed in relation to the organizational life cycle. In lieu of sales figures, the download counts for each project are used to identify the life cycle stage of a random sample of open source projects. A research model is proposed that attempts to measure the fit between the life cycle stage and the specific organizational characteristics of these projects (focus, division of labor, role of the leader, level of commitment, and coordination/control) as an indicator of the success of a project as measured by the satisfaction and involvement of both developers and users

Plural Form and Franchisors Performance : Early Empirical Findings From Europe

This paper deals with the relationships between plural form and performance in franchising networks in Europe. It is proposed that a franchisor's life cycle stage and human capital assets influence the relationship between plural form and performance. The model has been estimated using panel data on 41 publicly listed European franchising networks in the 1998-2007 period. The proportion of network-franchised units to the total number of its units in its distribution system is used as the indicator of its plural form (franchise proportion). Following an instrumental approach, the network performance is measured at the franchisor level by its industry-adjusted Return on Assets (ROA) and a relative stock market valuation measure of intangible human capital is used. The early results show that the impact of franchise proportion on performance is greater for franchisors with high intangible human capital compared to franchisors with low intangible human capital. Overall, results provide support for the contention that the franchisors' performance is contingent on the ‘fit' between governance structure (franchise proportion) and resources (critical human assets). In contrast, strong evidence that the governance/performance relationship is contingent on life cycle stage or franchisor's age is not found. But, our results suggest that franchisor's age could weaken the relationship between franchise proportion and performance. These results might suggest that younger franchisors with high human capital should increase their franchise proportion to enhance their financial performance.franchising; human capital; governance; performance

Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Mid-Atlantic): Alewife/Blueback Herring

This profile covers life history and environmental requirements of both alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) and blueback herring (Alosa aestivalis), since their distribution is overlapping and their morphology, ecological role, and environmental requirements are similar. The alewife is an anadromous species found in riverine, estuarine, and Atlantic coastal habitats, depending on life cycle stage, from Newfoundland (Winters et al. 1973) to Soutn Carolina (Berry 1964). Landlocked populations are i n the Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, and many other freshwater lakes (Bigelow and Sch roeder 1953; Scott and Crossman 1973). The blueback herring is an anadromous species found in riverine, estuarine, and Atlantic coastal habitats, depending on life stage cycle, from Nova Scotia to the St. Johns River, Florida (Hildebrand 1963

Configuration of Logistics Activities across Life-Cycle of the Firms and Performance: Proposal of a Conceptual Model

In the last years, broad changes have contributed to the enhancement of the importance of the logistics as a source of competitive advantage, not just for increasing the satisfaction of the clients, but also for improving the performance of the firms. Nevertheless, the response functions of the firms to the referred changes are different according to the life-cycle stage that they face. The present paper aims to present a conceptual model that explores the connection between the life-cycle firm’s stages, and the standard profile of logistics activities, and the correspondent impact on performance.Life Cycle; Logistics; Performance