Globalisasi dan Tata Ekonomi Politik Baru: Studi Kasus Persebaran K-Pop di Amerika Latin

K-Pop in the last decade evolved into a cultural phenomenon that grew into a global trend. Development of the K-Pop as global trends then contain some indication of K-Pop categorization as a model of global capitalism. The spread of the K-Pop has reached the global level with a range of distribution in every continent. K-Pop positioned consequences as global capitalism modelis not linearwithsocialismideology. This paper argue that the spread of K-Pop globally, has compromised capitalism with socialism in society domain through the spread of the K-Pop in the of regional Latin America case study. This paperfurther argues that the DemocraticSocialistideology in the region of Latin America simply stop to the state level. While the society in Latin Americafollowthe global trend interactively. Keywords: K-Pop, capitalism, socialism, global

The Construction of Neoliberal Subjectivity of “Hard Work”

학위논문(석사) -- 서울대학교대학원 : 사회과학대학 사회학과, 2021.8. 추지현.K-Pop, a music genre originally developed in Korea, was a culture long considered inauthentic by many cultural critics and scholars. Recently, the K-Pop community faced the need to grow a sense of authenticity of the culture as a response to the potential threats of assimilation from an outside culture which was characterized by the join of Foreigner K-Pop. Against the backdrop of the neoliberal environment in the industry that was marked by globalization, commercialization of idols’ everyday life, and the increasing importance of fandom in the making of K-Pop idols, this research argued that the (in)authentication process of Foreigner K-Pop was a collaborative work between fans, idols, industrial sectors, and K-Pop professionals. Focusing on the English-speaking K-Pop fans, this thesis adopted online ethnographic research and text analysis, studied seven K-Pop groups with non-Asian performers, and demonstrated how elements of Korea and elements that were cited as Korean were maneuvered in the construction of (in)authenticity of Foreigner K-Pop. This thesis concluded that the recurrent theme of perseverance, genuineness, dedication, and hardworking in the discourse about authenticity, often cited through the necessitated process of trainee system, served to satisfy the cultural need of international fans, whose taste and identity remained peripheral in most Western countries, for a discourse akin to neoliberalism that advocates equal opportunity and indiscriminate competition, while allowing K-Pop culture to maintain a tight community and esoteric taste.케이팝은 원래 한국에서 발전한 음악 장르로, 오랫동안 많은 문화 평론가들과 학자들에 의해 비현실적인 문화로 여겨졌다. 최근 케이팝 커뮤니티는 외국인 케이팝의 참여가 특징인 외부 문화로부터의 동화의 잠재적 위협에 대한 대응으로 문화에 대한 진정성을 키울 필요가 있다는 문제에 직면했다. 세계화, 아이돌의 일상화, 케이팝 아이돌 제작에 팬덤의 중요성이 높아진 산업계의 신자유주의적 환경을 배경으로, 이 연구는 외국인 케이팝의 진정성 구축 과정이 팬, 아이돌, 산업계 간의 협업 작업이라고 주장했다. 이 논문은 영어권 케이팝 팬들을 중심으로 온라인 민족학 연구와 텍스트 분석을 채택하고, 비아시아 공연자들 7개의 K-Pop 그룹을 중심으로 연구하였으며, 외국인 K-Pop의 진정성 구축에 있어 한국 요소와 한국으로 인용된 요소들이 어떻게 운용되고 있는지를 보여주었다. 본 논문은 진정성 담론에서 인내, 진실, 봉헌, 성실과 노력이라는 반복적인 담론이 대부분의 서구 국가에서 지엽적인 취향과 정체성을 유지한 국제 팬들의 문화적 욕망를 충족시키는 역할을 했다고 결론지었다. 이 담론은 케이팝 문화가 촘촘한 공동체적이고 소수의 취향을 유지할 수 있도록 허용하면서 동등한 기회와 무차별 경쟁을 주장하는 신자유주의와 연결된다.Chapter 1. Introduction １ 1. Research Background and Research Question １ 2. Literature Review: Previous Research on K-Pop (What is K-Pop?) ８ 1) K-Pop as Re-invented Korea ９ 2) K-Pop as Culture of Hybridity １２ 3) K-Pop as K-Pop Fandom Culture １４ 3. Theoretical Framework １７ 1) Authenticity as Authentication in Postmodern Culture １７ 2) K-Pop Idol, K-Pop fandom, and Neoliberalism in K-Pop ２０ 4. Subject of Research and Methods ２５ 1) Who is Foreigner K-Pop? (Subject of Study) ２５ 2) Materials and Collection Process ２７ 3) Cases of Selected Foreigner K-Pop ３３ 4) Method of Analysis ４１ Chapter 2: Authenticity Claims and The Importance of Identifying Real K-Pop ４６ 1. Authenticity Claims ４６ 2. Identifying Real K-Pop ４９ 3. Koreaboo Stigma ５０ 4. Summary and Remarks ５３ Chapter 3: Displaying K-Pop Fan Identity: From Real K-Pop Fan to Real K-Pop Idol ５４ 1. Rejecting Koreaboo Stigma ５４ 2. Genuineness, Fan Identity, and Comradeship ５５ 3. Comprehensive, Thoughtful, and Cultured: From Real Fans to Real K-Pop Idols ５７ 4. Summary and Remarks ６０ Chapter 4: Disrupting Boundaries of K ６２ 1. (Re)Defining K-Pop ６２ 2. Proponents: Pride, Diversity, and Representation ６４ 3. Opponents: Equality, Opportunities, and Respect ６６ 4. Summary and Remarks ６８ Chapter 5: Fans’ Critic as Neoliberal Governmentality ７０ 1. Korean Proficiency ７１ 2. The Right K-Pop Style ７２ 3. Trained for Better Quality ７４ 4. Summary and Remarks ７７ Chapter 6. Conclusion ７９ Bibliography ８４ Appendix ８９ Acknowledgment ９２ 국문초록 ９３석

MOTIVASI DAN PERILAKU PENGGEMAR K-POP DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Korean Pop (K-Pop) has been a huge sensation all around the world. Te current study investigated motivation and behavior of K-Pop fans in Daerah Istimewa Yog yakarta (DIY ). Specifcally, it addressed four main issues: (1) why do youths in DIY love K-Pop? (2) how did the K-Pop communities emerge in DIY? (3) what have the members done in their K-Pop communities? and (4) how strong is the emotional bond among the K-Pop community members?Te present study employed exploratory qualitative research method, i.e. phenomenological approach, using in-depth interviews as the main data collection method. Fifteen members of fve  K-Pop communities (3 males and 12 females) participated in the interviews. In addition, direct observation on several K-Pop communities were conducted to gain comprehensive insights into what specifc activities the members have been doing. Secondary data sources were also consulted, such as websites (www.allkpop.com, www. koreanindo.wordpress.com, and www.asianfanatics.net), magazines (My Idol and Asian Star), and tabloids (Asian Plus).It is found that the main drivers of K-Pop sensation in Indonesia, in particular in DIY, include physical attractiveness of the actors/actresses, energic dances, similar ages with the performers, and so forth. Te big fans of K-Pop are willing to copy their idols’ appearances, listen and watch K-Pop music and clips, look for news about K-Pop, create fanfction, share information among fans, purchase Korean-made electronics, learn more about Korean culture and language, as well as watch the live concerts. Te emergence of several K-Pop communities has facilitated the communication and interaction among the fans. Several implications were drawn based on these fndings.Keywords : Korean Pop (K-Pop), phenomenological approach, brand community, K-Pop community

A Possibility of the Korean Wave Renaissance Construction Through K-Pop: Sustainable Development of the Korean Wave as a Cultural Industry

In the era of the digital road, Korean popular music ( K-Pop ) has disseminated into every part of the world. In fact, South America, the farthest continent from Korea, goes wild for K-Pop, and the craze moves on to other continents naturally. Without Koreans having to recommend K-Pop, if listeners of K-Pop around the world believe that K-Pop has some charm, they absorb the trend and pass the music on to others. It has now come to the point where government agencies, the press, and entertainment management companies do not need to promote K-Pop because foreigners are consuming K-Pop feverishly on their own

GEJOLAK BUDAYA KOREA MELALUI K-POP DAN DRAMA KOREA TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS PALANGKA RAYA

Popularitas K-Pop dan drama Korea menghiasi seluruh stasiun televisi dan beranda media sosial. K-Pop dan drama Korea begitu populer di berbagai kalangan masyarakat khususnya kaum muda. Salah satu kelompok kaum muda yang antusias dalam mengikuti K-Pop dan drama Korea adalah mahasiswa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daya tarik budaya Korea Melalui K-Pop dan drama Korea terhadap mahasiswa, belajar bahasa Korea melalui K-Pop dan drama Korea, dan dampak K-Pop dan drama Korea dalam kaca mata mahasiswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan Lokasi dan sasaran penelitian adalah mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Palangka Raya. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara dan studi literatur serta dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa banyak belajar gaya kehidupan Korea seperti fashion, kuliner, sosial, budaya, dan lain-lain. Selain itu, mahasiswa mampu mengingat kosakata bahasa Korea melalui video K-Pop dan drama Korea. Dampak positif yang dirasakan mahasiswa dengan hadirnya K-Pop dan drama Korea dalam kehidupannya adalah mampu membangun relasi dengan komunitas pecinta K-Pop dan drama Korea hingga menjadi hiburan dalam mengisi waktu luang. Dampak negatifnya adalah lupa waktu dan munculnya sifat boros

UPAYA KOREAN CULTURAL CENTER (KCC) DALAM MEMPROMOSIKAN K-POP DANCE COVER DI INDONESIA

Technology and mass media advances facilitate the spread of modern cultures, such as Hallyu (Korean wave), the presence of various of digital media platforms has become an access for k-pop fans to enjoy, study, and share their interest in k-pop. K-pop Dance Cover is one of the culture produced by k-pop. With the presence of k-pop dance cover, k-pop fans can express their interest in k-pop and their idol in person, group, or even in public in showcase events, competition, and Youtube. One of active parties in k-pop dance cover is Korean Cultural Center Indonesia (KCCI), which extends Korean Ministry of Culture. This research aims to identify the strategy used by KCC Indonesia as extension of Korean Ministry of Culture in Indonesia in promoting and popularize k-pop dance cover in Indonesia. This research aims to identify KCC Indonesia’s strategy as South Korea’s extension in Indonesia in promoting and popularizing Kpop Dance Cover in Indonesia. With deductive method and qualitative exposure, it has found that KCC Indonesia used some events and seminar/class including competition events, dance practice classes, showcase events, and culture classes. This is linear with Culture Diplomacy brought by Tulus Warsito, that uses art in the form of exhibition and competition to run one’s interest in other countries

KOMUNITAS K-POP DI SIDOARJO TAHUN 2013-2018

K-Pop diawali dengan adanya soft power di Korea Selatan pada mulanya soft power hanya ditujukan untuk kepentingan politik dan juga keuangan negara Korea Selatan akan tetapi lambat laun semakin banyak masyarakat di luar Korea Selatan terutama di Asia menggemari K-pop. Pada mulanya di Indonesia K-pop ditandai dengan adanya drama-drama Korea yang mulai masuk ke stasiun TV Indonesia, musik K-Pop atau lagu-lagu yang umumnya berbahasa Korea. Di Sidoarjo komunitas K-pop pertama muncul tahun 2013 pada mulanya komunitas ini terdiri hanya dari beberapa remaja saja mereka merasa memiliki tujuan dan dan kesamaan dalam menyukai budaya Korea Selatan .Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis latar belakang munculnya K-Pop; (2) menganalisis perkembangan komunitas KPop di Sidoarjo tahun 2013-2018; (3) menganalisis identitas sosial anggota komunitas K-Pop di Sidoarjo. Berdasarkan hasil analisis terhadap fakta serta sumber-sumber yang telah didapatkan telah diperoleh hasil bahwa. Munculnya K-Pop dilatar belakangi oleh konsep soft power dari Korea Selatan. Konsep modern soft power didasarkan pada penyebaran nilai-nilai budaya tradisional Korea dan budaya pop. Korea Selatan menempatkan penekanan yang besar pada soft power budaya, untuk membentuk citra positif dalam menciptakan merek atau ke-khasan Korea Selatan yang menarik di panggung dunia serta dunia industri entertainment internasional. Perkembangan komunitas K-Pop di Sidoarjo tahun 2013-2018 berawal dari beberapa kelompok remaja yang memiliki kegemaran sama dengan budaya pop Korea berkumpul dan membentuk Fandom dan juga dance cover, hingga pada akhir tahun 2018 mereka memutuskan untuk bergabung menjadi satu komunitas dengan nama Komunitas K-Pop Sidoarjo. Identitas sosial anggota komunitas K-Pop di Sidoarjo umumnya memiliki identitas yang sama yaitu dilihat dari gaya berpakaian yang cenderung menduplikasi artis idola mereka. Kedua dari gaya bahasa kebanyakan anggota komunitas K-Pop menyelipkan bahasa korea ketika mereka mengobrol satu sama lain dengan sesama anggota, dua hal ini yang umumnya menjadi identitas utama dari penggemar anggota K-Pop Sidoarjo pada tahun itu. Kata Kunci: K-pop, Sidoarjo