In memoriam Douglas N. Walton: the influence of Doug Walton on AI and law

Doug Walton, who died in January 2020, was a prolific author whose work in informal logic and argumentation had a profound influence on Artificial Intelligence, including Artificial Intelligence and Law. He was also very interested in interdisciplinary work, and a frequent and generous collaborator. In this paper seven leading researchers in AI and Law, all past programme chairs of the International Conference on AI and Law who have worked with him, describe his influence on their work

PyArg for solving and explaining rgumentation in python

We introduce PyArg, a Python-based solver and explainer for both abstract argumentation and ASPIC+. A large variety of extension-based semantics allows for flexible evaluation and several explanation functions are available

Paradigms of Intelligent Systems

This paper approaches the subject of paradigms for the categories of intelligent systems. First we can look at the term paradigm in its scientific meaning and then we make acquaintance with the main categories of intelligent systems (expert systems, intelligent systems based on genetic algorithms, artificial neuronal systems, fuzzy systems, hybrid intelligent systems). We will see that every system has one or more paradigms, but hybrid intelligent systems combine paradigms because they are made of different technologies. This research has been made under the guidance of Dr. Ioan AND ONE, Professor and Director of Research Laboratory.paradigm, intelligent systems, expert systems, genetic algorithms, fuzzy systems, artificial neuronal networks, hybrid intelligent systems

Thirty years of Artificial Intelligence and Law:the second decade

The first issue of Artificial Intelligence and Law journal was published in 1992. This paper provides commentaries on nine significant papers drawn from the Journal’s second decade. Four of the papers relate to reasoning with legal cases, introducing contextual considerations, predicting outcomes on the basis of natural language descriptions of the cases, comparing different ways of representing cases, and formalising precedential reasoning. One introduces a method of analysing arguments that was to become very widely used in AI and Law, namely argumentation schemes. Two relate to ontologies for the representation of legal concepts and two take advantage of the increasing availability of legal corpora in this decade, to automate document summarisation and for the mining of arguments

Hybrid biomedical intelligent systems

"Copyright © 2012 Maysam Abbod et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited."The purpose of this special issue is to promote research and developments of the best work in the field of hybrid intelligent systems for biomedical applications

Cooperating intelligent systems

Some of the issues connected to the development of a bureaucratic system are discussed. Emphasis is on a layer multiagent approach to distributed artificial intelligence (DAI). The division of labor in a bureaucracy is considered. The bureaucratic model seems to be a fertile model for further examination since it allows for the growth and change of system components and system protocols and rules. The first part of implementing the system would be the construction of a frame based reasoner and the appropriate B-agents and E-agents. The agents themselves should act as objects and the E-objects in particular should have the capability of taking on a different role. No effort was made to address the problems of automated failure recovery, problem decomposition, or implementation. Instead what has been achieved is a framework that can be developed in several distinct ways, and which provides a core set of metaphors and issues for further research

Comparison of Intelligent Systems, Artificial Neural Networks and Neural Fuzzy Model for Prediction of Gas Hydrate Formation Rate

The main objective of this study was to present a novel approach for predication of gas hydrate formation rate based on the Intelligent Systems. Using a data set including about 470 data obtained from flow tests in a mini-loop apparatus, different predictive models were developed. From the results predicted by these models, it can be pointed out that the developed models can be used as powerful tools for prediction of gas hydrate formation rate with total errors of less than 4%

Stability and Relevance in Incomplete Argumentation Frameworks

We explore the computational complexity of stability and relevance in incomplete argumentation frameworks (IAFs), abstract argumentation frameworks that encode qualitative uncertainty by distinguishing between certain and uncertain arguments and attacks. IAFs can be specified by, e.g., making uncertain arguments or attacks certain; the justification status of arguments in an IAF is determined on the basis of the certain arguments and attacks. An argument is stable if its justification status is the same in all specifications of the IAF. For arguments that are not stable in an IAF, the relevance problem is of interest: which uncertain arguments or attacks should be investigated for the argument to become stable? We redefine stability and define relevance for IAFs and study their complexity

Analyze of the Measuring Performance for Artificially Business Intelligent Systems

This paper analyzes the measuring performance of artificially business intelligent systems. Thousands of persons-years have been devoted to the research and development in the vari¬ous aspects of artificially intelligent systems. Much progress has been attained. However, there has been no means of evaluating the progress of the field. How can we assess the cur¬rent state of the science? Most of business intelligent systems are beginning to be deployed commercially. How can a commercial buyer evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the intelligent candidate and decide which system will perform best for their business applica¬tion? If constructing a system from existing components, how does one select the one that is most appropriate within the desired business intelligent systems? The ability to measure the capabilities of business intelligent systems or components is more that an exercise in satisfy¬ing intellectual or philosophical curiosity. Without measurements and subsequent quantitative evaluation, it is difficult to gauge progress. It is both in a spirit of scientific enquiry and for pragmatic motivations that we embark on the quest for metrics for performance and intelli¬gence of business intelligent systems.artificially intelligent systems, analyze of the measuring performance, business intelligent systems, metrics for performance, meas¬urement performance

Justifications derived from inconsistent case bases using authoritativeness

Post hoc analyses are used to provide interpretable explanations for machine learning predictions made by an opaque model. We modify a top-level model (AF-CBA) that uses case-based argumentation as such a post hoc analysis. AF-CBA justifies model predictions on the basis of an argument graph constructed using precedents from a case base. The effectiveness of this approach is limited when faced with an inconsistent case base, which are frequently encountered in practice. Reducing an inconsistent case base to a consistent subset is possible but undesirable. By altering the approach’s definition of best precedent to include an additional criterion based on an expression of authoritativeness, we allow AF-CBA to handle inconsistent case bases. We experiment with four different expressions of authoritativeness using three different data sets in order to evaluate their effect on the explanations generated in terms of the average number of precedents and the number of inconsistent a fortiori forcing relations