La afección en la cosmología de Platón

We focus on the importance of the condition (páthema) in the process of knowledge. The condition is generated by the contact between a generated body that exerts an action (poiein) and a human body that suffers this action (páskhein). The condition causes a dynamic reaction from the soul of the man, through which the intelligence, that is to say, the noils, performs the circular movement by which the sensible world comes to knowSe aborda la importancia de la afección (pathema) en el proceso de conocimiento. La afección se genera por el contacto de un cuerpo generado que actúa (poiein) sobre el cuerpo del hombre, que padece (páskhein) dicha acción. La afección provoca una reacción dinámica del alma del hombre, en virtud de la cual la inteligencia, esto es el nous, realiza el movimiento circular que le permite conocer el mundo sensible

El método socrático y su aplicación pedagógica contemporánea

Se aborda críticamente la función que Martha Nussbaum atribuye al método socrático en su proyecto de fundamentación de la educación liberal. Primero, se describe el programa educativo liberal. Luego, se analiza la definición y la función que cumple el método socrático. Finalmente, se analizan tres argumentos que sustentan el proyecto: la definición de la ironía socrática, la discontinuidad doctrinal de los diálogos, y la concepción de Sócrates como partidario de la democracia

Ongoing study on the integration of biodiversity concerns in management of forest concessions in Central Africa

Central Africa is home to the world's second largest contiguous tropical rainforest, after Amazon. Depending on countries in the sub-region, between 10% to 15% (Nasi, Cassagne, Billand, 2006) of the forests' surface area is occupied by protected areas. Production forests represent 65% of the forests and have an enormous potential for biodiversity conservation. The important role played by production forests in maintaining biodiversity should be improved through increasing the percentage of forests that have management plans that take into account the different functions of the forest. FAO and CIRAD (the he status of integration of biodiversity and are striving to identify the difficulties encountered in this area. This study is based on bibliographic research, documents such as management plans, forest regulations, national guidelines and a survey of professionals (administration, logging companies, consulting firms, NGOs and forest certification agencies) carried out from May to June 2008 in five countries of Central Africa. Following analysis of the collected information and their validation, concerted actions and a set of programmes will be proposed to reinforce and harmonize practices for better integration of biodiversity conservation concerns in production forests of Central Africa subregion. (Résumé d'auteur

Conservation and sustainable use of wildlife based resources through the frmawork of the convention on biological (CBD): The bushmeat crisis

This articlepresents a number of policy recommendations to improve the sustainability of wildlife-based resources use in tropical forests, including by strengthening national ownership of this issue in a way that provides long-term local and national benefits. It also argues in favour of stronger involvement of civil society and the private sector in addressing governance issues and other aspects of current overexploitation of wildlife; enhancing local ownership rights; and establishing links between the bushmeat debate and tenurial and land-rights reform. At the international level, the authors suggest that trade relations between developed and developing countries, which (directly and indirectly) affect bushmeat consumption levels, must be seriously reconsidered, and that efforts should place a stronger emphasis on positive incentives for better managing wildlife resources. (Résumé d'auteur

Mangroves v1.0: a new taxonomic tool to characterize mangroves. The case of South east Indian and Sri Lankan mangroves and potential application to African mangroves

In this paper we present an innovative tool for plant identification conceived to reinforce the national capacity building in taxonomy. We introduce Mangroves v1.0, built up on a species identification system called IDAO (Identification Assistée par Ordinateur). This software allows the identification of 50 mangroves species of South East India and Sri Lanka, with the perspective to adjust and extend to other of the world. This software provides and facilitates dissemination of scientific and traditional knowledge. Corollary, it appears as a good support to training, research and development actions and its applications, from awareness to practical management of trees and the ecosystem, could benefit African mangroves and contribute to their renewed interest. (Résumé d'auteur

Boston University Symphony Orchestra, Thursday, October 29, 1998

This is the concert program of the Boston University Symphony Orchestra performance on Thursday, October 29, 1998 at 8:00 p.m., at the Tsai Performance Center, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachucetts. Works performed were Catfish Row: Symphonic Suite from Porgy and Bess by George Gershwin, Perlude a l'apres-midi d'un faune by Claude Debussy, and Symphony No. 7 in C major, Op. 105 by Jean Sibelius. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

An analysis of Nigerian freshwater fishes: those under threat and conservation options

The study assessed qualitatively the threat status of all nigerian freshwater fishes using such criteria as rarity, size at maturity, mode of reproduction, human population density, habitat degradation, pollution and range of each species among others. The biology of 48% (129n) of nigerian freshwater species is not well known. Of the 266 known freshwater fishes, 47 species represented 17% are critically endangered, 15 (5%) are endangered , 8(3%), are vulnerable while 23(8%) are near threatened. The paper suggests increased basic knowledge of threatened species and conservation policy along three lines public awareness, legislation and creation of national parks, aquaria and reserves as measures needed to ensure the conservation of the fishe

Composers' Forum: Joseph and Anthony Paratore, September 24, 1985

This is the concert program of the Composers' Forum: Joseph and Anthony Paratore performance on Tuesday, September 24, 1985 at 1:00 p.m., at the Concert Hall, 855 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed were Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune for 2 pianos by Claude Debussy, Concerto for two solo pianos by Igor Stravinsky, and Variations on a theme of Paganini, 2 pianos by Witold Lutoslawski. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund

The value of wildlife tourism: perspectives from sub-Saharan Africa

Various authors have used different categories to estimate the value of wildlife, e.g. direct and indirect use values, option values, ethical values, etc. ln this paper, the authors address the value of wildlifebased tourism. With the development of the worfd tourism industry, the value of nature-oriented tourism is increasing on aff continents, and especially in sub-Saharan Africa. The value of such tourism is often understood as the direct economie benefits that come from "the tourist dollar' and contribute to the generation of incarne for the country and its inhabitants. However, there are other ways to value wildlife which are not sufficiently taken into account, i.e. the diverse benefits provided by ecosystem services, such as the eco/ogical value of species to a healthy ecosystem, their nLJtritiona/ value and cultural value, etc. Wildlife tourism in sub-Saharan Africa is large/y supported by Protected Areas (PAs), with their broad range of different categories, which are clearly the backbone of the industry. One leg of wildlife tourism is the wildlife-viewing tourism in natural habitats. ln sub-Saharan Africa, this type of tourism main/y occurs in PAs of the public domain, principal/y national parks (NPs). ft also occurs at a few other locations, such as game ranches which are privately owned, or communal conservancies which are community-based, bath found main/y in Southern Africa. With a few notable exceptions, a majority of NPs are struggling to fu/fil their conservation mandate, due to a Jack of financia/ and hu man re sources for the ir management: very few of them attract enough tourists to co ver their management costs. At present, most NPs require externat funding to support their day-ta-day running and achieve their conservation aims. This is nothing new. Protected areas cannat be justified sole/y by their direct economie outputs; the entire range of benefits that they provide must be considered. The other /eg of wi/dlife tourism is hunting tourism. This type of tourism main/y occurs in public/y owned PAs, which are official/y gazetted and earmarked as hunting areas (HAs) under various names (e.g. game reserves, hunting blacks, Coutadas, Zones de Chasse, Domaines de Chasse, etc.). ln a few Southern African countries, hunting tourism is a/so carried out on private and communal land. These HAs, averai/ much bigger than NPs, often a ct as buffer zones around and ecological corridors between NPs. They are usual/y private/y managed and financed and thus their contribution he/ps to reduce the financial burden on the government, of conserving and managing its biodiversity assets in these areas. Go vern ment budgets for conservation are often under-resourced, being law on the list of national development priorities. Thus, improved professionalism and efficiency in the hunting tourism industry could substantia/ly increase the ability to conserve huge tracts of natural habitat, with al/ of their biodiversity and ecosystems services, while increasing economie benefits to the local people and Government. However, most PAs are under threat from humans, caused by growing populations and their increasing need for land and natural resources. ln developing countries, concerned with food security and poverty a/leviation, poaching is a widespread threat to PAs. The often massive quantity of bushmeat taken from bath inside and outside PAs represents a kind of 'hidden' value, since it is large/y unknown, over/ooked and often illegal. When this direct consumption of game for food becomes unsustainable, due to over-harvesting the resource, its value becomes negative and counter-productive to wildlife tourism. Agriculture encroachment is a severe threat to PAs because it is converting natural habitats, destroying biodiversity and compromising ecosystem services. Pastoral encroachment is a relative/y new threat to NPs and HAs, and this issue is often neglected in management schemes although it is happening more frequent/y. The two diff