The multidimensional analysis of cell behaviour

The cell motility assays became an important step for trial of new developed anti-tumor drugs and compounds [1, 2]. Set of experiments was performed with microtubule affecting drugs on a model population of 3T3 cells. This study is focused on the complex analysis of cell population behavior that can be further used to develop method for evaluation of drugs in preclinical trials

An in vitro evaluation of drugs used in the Kenyan ART program

The majority of anti-HIV drug susceptibility tests have been performed on subtype B HIV-1 strains, since these are the most prevalent in countries designing, testing, and manufacturing the current anti-HIV agents. The increasing global spread of HIV subtype highlights the need to determine the activity of anti-HIV drugs against subtypes of HIV other than subtype B. Furthermore an increasing number of individuals infected with many of the non subtype B virus strains now receive antiretroviral therapy because of rollout programs in developing countries as well as increasing migration to the developed world. The phenotypic susceptibility of two laboratory strains HIV-1JFRL and HIV-1IIIB (representing subtype B) and two clinical isolates HIV-104RTA and HIV-1025RTA (representing subtypes A and D respectively) was determined. The in vitro drug susceptibility testing of the isolates was carried out in C8166 cell line and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The study revealed that the drugs used in the Kenyan national ART program inhibited HIV-1 replication in-vitro as their inhibitory concentrations (IC50) compared well with the standard Inhibitory concentration values. The results also suggest a biochemical similarity of the reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease enzymes from these subtypes despite the divergence at the genetic level. The findings suggest that similar clinical benefits of antiviral therapy obtain in persons infected with other subtypes of HIV-1other than subtype B and that the generic drugs used in the national ART program in Kenya are as efficacious as branded drugs in inhibiting HIV replication in vitro despite the limited number of the viruses studied.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of cephalosporins for the treatment of Lyme disease.

BackgroundLyme disease accounts for >90% of all vector-borne disease cases in the United States and affect ~300,000 persons annually in North America. Though traditional tetracycline antibiotic therapy is generally prescribed for Lyme disease, still 10%-20% of patients treated with current antibiotic therapy still show lingering symptoms.MethodsIn order to identify new drugs, we have evaluated four cephalosporins as a therapeutic alternative to commonly used antibiotics for the treatment of Lyme disease by using microdilution techniques like minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). We have determined the MIC and MBC of four drugs for three Borrelia burgdorferi s.s strains namely CA8, JLB31 and NP40. The binding studies were performed using in silico analysis.ResultsThe MIC order of the four drugs tested is cefoxitin (1.25 µM/mL) > cefamandole (2.5 µM/mL), > cefuroxime (5 µM/mL) > cefapirin (10 µM/mL). Among the drugs that are tested in this study using in vivo C3H/HeN mouse model, cefoxitin effectively kills B. burgdorferi. The in silico analysis revealed that all four cephalosporins studied binds effectively to B. burgdorferi proteins, SecA subunit penicillin-binding protein (PBP) and Outer surface protein E (OspE).ConclusionBased on the data obtained, cefoxitin has shown high efficacy killing B. burgdorferi at concentration of 1.25 µM/mL. In addition to it, cefoxitin cleared B. burgdorferi infection in C3H/HeN mice model at 20 mg/kg

Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care: Germany

Provides an overview of evidence-based policy making in the German healthcare system. Focuses on the Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care, which evaluates comparative effectiveness of drugs and medical services for decisions on coverage

Clinical pharmacology facing the real-world setting: Pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology and the economic evaluation of drugs

Adverse drug reaction; Effectiveness; PharmacoeconomicsReacció adversa als fàrmacs; Eficàcia; FarmacoeconomiaReacción adversa a medicamentos; Eficacia; FarmacoeconomíaTraditionally, clinical pharmacology has focused its activities on drug-organism interaction, from an individual or collective perspective. Drug efficacy assessment by performing randomized clinical trials and analysis of drug use in clinical practice by carrying out drug utilization studies have also been other areas of interest. From now on, Clinical pharmacology should move from the analysis of the drug-individual interaction to the analysis of the drug-individual-society interaction. It should also analyze the clinical and economic consequences of the use of drugs in the conditions of normal clinical practice, beyond clinical trials. The current exponential technological development that facilitates the analysis of real-life data offers us a golden opportunity to move to all these other areas of interest. This review describes the role that clinical pharmacology has played at the beginning and during the evolution of pharmacovigilance, pharmacoepidemiology and economic drug evaluations in Spain. In addition, the challenges that clinical pharmacology is going to face in the following years in these three areas are going to be outlined too

Development and implementation of in vivo models for evaluation of drugs with potential analgesic activity

Tese de mestrado. Engenharia Biomédica. Universidade do Porto. Faculdade de Engenharia. 201

Analytical evaluation of drugs using HPLC II.

Univerzita Karlova Farmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králové Katedra farmaceutické chemie a farmaceutické analýzy Kandidát: Eva Hanková Školitel: RNDr. Milan Mokrý, CSc. Název diplomové práce: Analytické hodnocení léčiv s využitím HPLC II. Abstrakt Tato diplomová práce se zabývala analytickým hodnocením kyseliny tiaprofenové pomocí vysokoúčinné kapalinové chromatografie. Pro stanovení kyseliny tiaprofenové byla použita kolona LiChroCART® 250-4 LiChrospher® 100 RP-18 (5 µm) a mobilní fáze složená z acetonitrilu a vodného pufru KH2PO4 0,01 mol/l v poměru 40 : 60 (v/v). pH pufru bylo upraveno kyselinou fosforečnou na hodnotu 3,0; průtoková rychlost byla nastavena na 1 ml/min a teplota na 22 řC. Jako vnitřní standard byl zvolen naproxen a k detekci byla použita vlnová délka 263 nm. Protože je kyselina tiaprofenová chirální látka vyskytující se ve formě racemátu, následoval výběr chromatografických podmínek pro separaci jejích enantiomerů. Byly zkoušeny dvě chirální kolony v normálním i reverzním módu. Jako nejvhodnější byla vybrána kolona Chiralcel OD-R, 250 × 4,6 mm, (10 µm) na bázi celulózy za použití mobilní fáze o složení n-hexan : propan-2-ol : kyselina octová v poměru 94 : 6 : 0,1 (v/v/v) při průtoku 0,5 ml/min a teplotě 22 žC. Enantiomery byly eluovány v retenčních časech 28,3 a 30,7 minut s rozlišením...Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Analysis Candidate: Eva Hanková Supervisor: RNDr. Milan Mokrý, CSc. Title of Diploma Thesis: Analytical evaluation of drugs using HPLC II. Abstract This diploma thesis dealt with analytical evaluation of tiaprofenic acid using high performance liquid chromatography. To determine tiaprofenic acid, a LiChroCART® 250-4 LiChrospher® 100 RP-18 (5 μm) column and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous KH2PO4 buffer 0.01 mol/l in a ratio of 40 : 60 (v/v) were used. The pH of the buffer was adjusted to 3.0 with phosphoric acid; the flow rate was set to 1 ml/min and the temperature at 22 řC. Naproxen was chosen as the internal standard, and a 263 nm wavelength was used for detection. Since the tiaprofenic acid is a chiral substance present in the form of a racemate, the selection of chromatographic conditions for the separation of its enantiomers followed. Two chiral columns in both normal and reverse mode were tested. The cellulose-based Chiralcel OD-R 250 x 4.6 mm (10 μm) column was chosen as the most suitable, using a mobile phase of n-hexane : propan-2-ol : acetic acid in a ratio of 94 : 6 : 0,1 (v/v /v) at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and a temperature of 22 ř C. Enantiomers were eluted at...Katedra farmaceutické chemie a farmaceutické analýzyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical AnalysisFaculty of Pharmacy in Hradec KrálovéFarmaceutická fakulta v Hradci Králov

Notes on the Chemotherapy of Hexarnitiasis

A method for controlled evaluation of drugs against Hexamita meleagridis in turkeys is presented. Experiments evaluating selected drugs and reevaluating all compounds and antibiotics previously reported to be efficacious against this species are described. Most of these compounds were tested against two separate isolates of this parasite, one from Indiana (1950) and the other from Wisconsin (1959). All preparations found effective against one isolate showed similar efficacy against the other. Conversely, preparations ineffective against one isolate were also ineffective against the other. Among the compounds showing efficacy were several antibiotics and dibutyl tin salts. Dibutyl tin dilaurate was found to have suitable efficacy at non-toxic dosage levels