A correlation between the IRAS infrared cirrus at 60 or 100 microns and neutral atomic hydrogen in the outer galaxy

A linear correlation was found between the infrared cirrus at 100 or 60 microns and neutral atomic hydrogen near the galactic plane. Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) Sky Brightness images were compared to the 0.5 deg resolution Weaver-Williams HI survey in two regions of the outer Galaxy near l = 125 deg and l = 215 deg. The dust temperature inferred is nearly uniform and in reasonable agreement with theoretical predictions of thermal dust emission

Robust Chaos Generation on the Basis of Symmetry Violations in Attractors

We present a method for generating robust chaos. It is based on the search algorithm weak symmetry violation in the reconstructed attractor. On its basis the smooth functions in the form of a system of finite-difference equations. To ensure robust chaos generator introduced piecewise continuous member. The simulation results are given in the report.Comment: 3 pages, 2014 2nd International Conference on Emission Electronics (ICEE), Saint-Petersburg, Russi

"Open source" soluciones para la sostenibilidad

No Emission Monday is an ´open source´ community that creates new perspectives and solutions towards a more sustainable future. Accordingly, ´open source´ is a powerful tool to the climate change as a main concern of a growing number of individuals and the attached need for a massive retooling of our life styles towards more sustainable patterns. Naturally, here it is not a software project and therefore the term is used in quotes and in a symbolic meaning. Naturally, the most effective outcomes are reached through constructive collaboration between the community that channels the bottom-up drive and ideas, and the institutional framework established top-down by the governments, global climate negotiations and multinational corporations. NemoBarcelona, with its roots at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) and active connections to several partners in Central and South America, is an excellent example of ´open source´ sustainability. The Recycling City project driven by the UNESCO Sustainability Chair at UPC produce local solutions for participating cities and facilitates the exchange of experiences from one country to another. With an extension to other Nemo cities the Recycling City project can have even larger impact.El No Emission Monday (Dilluns Sense Emissions), és una comunitat de ‘codi obert’ que crea solucions i noves perspectives cap a un futur més sostenible. En conseqüència, el ‘codi obert’ és una poderosa eina per a la principal preocupació d’un nombre creixent d’individus, el canvi climàtic, i per la necessitat adherida d’una reorganització massiva dels nostres estils de vida cap a patrons més sostenibles. Naturalment, aquí no tenim un projecte de construcció d’un software i per tant, el terme s’utilitza a manera de cita i en un sentit simbòlic. Naturalment, els resultats més efectius són assolits a través, tant de la col·laboració constructiva entre la comunitat que generi unitat i idees de baix a dalt com el marc institucional establert de dalt a baix pels governs, negociacions del clima global i corporacions multinacionals.NemoBarcelona que té les seves arrels a la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) i connexions actives amb diversos socis a Amèrica Central i del Sud, és un excel·lent exemple de la sostenibilitat de “codi obert”. El projecte Reciclar Ciutat, impulsat per la Càtedra UNESCO de Sostenibilitat de la UPC produeix solucions locals per a les ciutats participants i facilita l’intercanvi d’experiències d’un país a un altre. Amb l’extensió cap a altres ciutats de Nemo, el projecte Reciclar Ciutat pot tenir un impacte encara més gran.El No Emission Monday (Lunes Sin Emisiones), es una comunidad de ‘código abierto’ que crea soluciones y nuevas perspectivas hacia un futuro más sostenible. El ‘código abierto’ es una herramienta poderosa para la principal preocupación de un número creciente de individuos, el cambio climático, y para la necesidad adherida de una reorganización masiva de nuestros estilos de vida hacia patrones más sostenibles. Naturalmente, los resultados más efectivos son alcanzados a través, tanto de la colaboración constructiva entre la comunidad que genere unidad e ideas de abajo hacia arriba, como del marco institucional establecido de arriba hacia abajo por los gobiernos, negociaciones del clima global y corporaciones multinacionales. NemoBarcelona, que tiene sus raíces en la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) y conexiones activas con varios socios en América Central y del Sur, es un excelente ejemplo de sostenibilidad de “código abierto”. El proyecto Reciclar Ciudad, impulsado por la Cátedra UNESCO de Sostenibilidad de la UPC, produce soluciones locales para las ciudades participantes y facilita el intercambio de experiencias de un país a otro. Con la extensión hacia otras ciudades de Nemo, el proyecto Reciclar Ciudad puede tener un impacto aún mayor.Peer Reviewe

Virtual Laboratories in Cloud Infrastructure of Educational Institutions

Modern educational institutions widely used virtual laboratories and cloud technologies. In practice must deal with security, processing speed and other tasks. The paper describes the experience of the construction of an experimental stand cloud computing and network management. Models and control principles set forth herein.Comment: 3 pages, Published in: 2014 2nd International Conference on Emission Electronics (ICEE), Saint-Petersburg, Russi

Emission rate and chemical state estimation by 4-dimensional variational inversion

This study aims to assess the potential and limits of an advanced inversion method to estimate pollutant precursor sources mainly from observations. Ozone, sulphur dioxide, and partly nitrogen oxides observations are taken to infer source strength estimates. As methodology, the four-dimensional variational data assimilation technique has been generalised and employed to include emission rate optimisation, in addition to chemical state estimates as usual objective of data assimilation. To this end, the optimisation space of the variational assimilation system has been complemented by emission rate correction factors of 19 emitted species at each emitting grid point, involving the University of Cologne mesoscale EURAD model. For validation, predictive skills were assessed for an August 1997 ozone episode, comparing forecast performances of pure initial value optimisation, pure emission rate optimisation, and joint emission rate/initial value optimisation. <br><br> Validation procedures rest on both measurements withheld from data assimilation and prediction skill evaluation of forecasts after the inversion procedures. Results show that excellent improvements can be claimed for sulphur dioxide forecasts, after emission rate optimisation. Significant improvements can be claimed for ozone forecasts after initial value and joint emission rate/initial value optimisation of precursor constituents. The additional benefits applying joint emission rate/initial value optimisation are moderate, and very useful in typical cases, where upwind emission rate optimisation is essential. In consequence of the coarse horizontal model grid resolution of 54 km, applied in this study, comparisons indicate that the inversion improvements can rest on assimilating ozone observations only, as the inclusion of NO<sub>x</sub> observations does not provide additional forecast skill. Emission estimates were found to be largely independent from initial guesses from emission inventories, demonstrating the potential of the 4D-var method to infer emission rate improvements. The study also points to the need for improved horizontal model resolution to more efficient use of NO<sub>x</sub> observations

Laser-induced Field Emission from Tungsten Tip: Optical Control of Emission Sites and Emission Process

Field-emission patterns from a clean tungsten tip apex induced by femtosecond laser pulses have been investigated. Strongly asymmetric field-emission intensity distributions are observed depending on three parameters: (1) the polarization of the light, (2) the azimuthal and (3) the polar orientation of the tip apex relative to the laser incidence direction. In effect, we have realized an ultrafast pulsed field-emission source with site selectivity of a few tens of nanometers. Simulations of local fields on the tip apex and of electron emission patterns based on photo-excited nonequilibrium electron distributions explain our observations quantitatively. Electron emission processes are found to depend on laser power and tip voltage. At relatively low laser power and high tip voltage, field-emission after two-photon photo-excitation is the dominant process. At relatively low laser power and low tip voltage, photoemission processes are dominant. As the laser power increases, photoemission from the tip shank becomes noticeable.Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Physical Review

The Origin of the Prompt Emission for Short GRB 170817A: Photosphere Emission or Synchrotron Emission?

The first gravitational-wave event from the merger of a binary neutron star system (GW170817) was detected recently. The associated short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) has a low isotropic luminosity (~1047 erg s−1) and a peak energy E p ~ 145 keV during the initial main emission between −0.3 and 0.4 s. The origin of this short GRB is still under debate, but a plausible interpretation is that it is due to the off-axis emission from a structured jet. We consider two possibilities. First, since the best-fit spectral model for the main pulse of GRB 170817A is a cutoff power law with a hard low-energy photon index ($\alpha =-{0.62}_{-0.54}^{+0.49}$), we consider an off-axis photosphere model. We develop a theory of photosphere emission in a structured jet and find that such a model can reproduce a low-energy photon index that is softer than a blackbody through enhancing high-latitude emission. The model can naturally account for the observed spectrum. The best-fit Lorentz factor along the line of sight is ~20, which demands that there is a significant delay between the merger and jet launching. Alternatively, we consider that the emission is produced via synchrotron radiation in an optically thin region in an expanding jet with decreasing magnetic fields. This model does not require a delay of jet launching but demands a larger bulk Lorentz factor along the line of sight. We perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo fitting to the data within the framework of both models and obtain good fitting results in both cases