Effect of Progressive Weight Loss on Lactate Metabolism: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE:Lactate is an intermediate of glucose metabolism that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. This study evaluated the relationship between glucose kinetics and plasma lactate concentration ([LAC]) before and after manipulating insulin sensitivity by progressive weight loss. METHODS:Forty people with obesity (BMI = 37.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2 ) were randomized to weight maintenance (n = 14) or weight loss (n = 19). Subjects were studied before and after 6 months of weight maintenance and before and after 5%, 11%, and 16% weight loss. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with [6,6-2 H2 ]glucose tracer infusion was used to assess glucose kinetics. RESULTS:At baseline, fasting [LAC] correlated positively with endogenous glucose production rate (r = 0.532; P = 0.001) and negatively with insulin sensitivity, assessed as the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (r = -0.361; P = 0.04). Progressive (5% through 16%) weight loss caused a progressive decrease in fasting [LAC], and the decrease in fasting [LAC] after 5% weight loss was correlated with the decrease in endogenous glucose production (r = 0.654; P = 0.002) and the increase in insulin sensitivity (r = -0.595; P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS:This study demonstrates the interrelationships among weight loss, hepatic and muscle glucose kinetics, insulin sensitivity, and [LAC], and it suggests that [LAC] can serve as an additional biomarker of glucose-related insulin resistance

Influence of random roughness on cantilever curvature sensitivity

In this work we explore the influence of random surface roughness on the cantilever sensitivity to respond to curvature changes induced by changes in surface stress. The roughness is characterized by the out-of-plane roughness amplitude w, the lateral correlation length x, and the roughness or Hurst exponent H (0<H<1). The cantilever sensitivity is found to decrease with increasing roughness (decreasing H and/or increasing ratio w/x) or equivalently increasing local surface slope. Finally, analytic expressions of the cantilever sensitivity as a function of the parameters w, x, and H are derived in order to allow direct implementation in sensing systems.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure

Does emphasizing management bias decrease sensitivity to measurement imprecision?

Both management bias and measurement imprecision threaten the accurate reporting of complex accounting estimates. Actions by audit regulators and practitioners often place an imbalanced emphasis on the former. Although bias is an important concern, it is also necessary to consider how emphasizing risks arising from bias might impact auditors’ sensitivity to risks stemming from measurement imprecision. In an experimental economics setting, I find that auditor-participants generally exert a high level of effort when the risk of management bias is high. However, when the risk of bias is relatively low but auditors still face residual risks from imprecision, emphasizing risks related to bias leads auditors to “lower their guard” to a greater extent than when both bias and imprecision are emphasized. Accordingly, this study suggests that efforts intended to direct auditors’ attention towards management bias can come at the expense of auditor sensitivity to imprecision and result in insufficient audit effort when the risk of bias is low.Accountin

Increase and Decrease in Toxoplasmosis Infected Birth Rate from the Sensitivity Analysis

This article aims to look at the dynamics of the toxoplasmosis epidemic with the effect of vaccination by increasing and decreasing the birth rate of infected with toxoplasmosis. The method used in this research is literature study and continued by using numerical simulation analysis. The research procedure used in this study is to simulate and analyze the parameters that affect the population. Some of the data used are secondary data on toxoplasmosis sufferers obtained from the Banda Aceh Health Office in 2018. From the numerical simulation results of the toxoplasmosis epidemic model with the vaccination effect, it was found that when the birth rate was infected with toxoplasmosis increased by at 5% then the number of individuals infected with toxoplasmosis, controlled individuals and the number of vaccinated individuals increases with the basic reproductive number Ro > 1. In this condition, there are no individuals who are susceptible to toxoplasmosis again so that vaccination for susceptible individuals can quickly overcome the spread of toxoplasmosis. Furthermore, the rate of births infected with toxoplasmosis decreases of 5% is obtained search population in the toxoplasmosis epidemic model has decreased with the basic reproduction number Ro <1. In this condition, the number of individuals in each population has decreased, resulting in the spread of toxoplasmosis disappeared from the population. So that this research can contribute to health science and the government in overcoming the toxoplasmosis epidemic

Improving CMB non-Gaussianity estimators using tracers of local structure

Local non-Gaussianity causes correlations between large scale perturbation modes and the small scale power. The large-scale CMB signal has contributions from the integrated Sachs Wolfe (ISW) effect, which does not correlate with the small scale power. If this ISW contribution can be removed, the sensitivity to local non-Gaussianity is improved. Gravitational lensing and galaxy counts can be used to trace the ISW contribution; in particular we show that the CMB lensing potential is highly correlated with the ISW signal. We construct a nearly-optimal estimator for the local non-Gaussianity parameter \fnl and investigate to what extent we can use this to decrease the variance on {\fnl}. We show that the variance can be decreased by up to $20\%$ at Planck sensitivity using galaxy counts. CMB lensing is a good bias-independent ISW tracer for future more sensitive observations, though the fractional decrease in variance is small if good polarization data is also available.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Comments welcom

New approach for determination of strain rate sensitivity of mild steel dc01 under stack compression and uniaxial tensile test

Deformation under uniaxial tensile loading with using Digital Image Correlations (DIC) is the easiest way to analyze the material behavior in sheet metal forming. In order to determine the plastic parameters such as hardening, anisotropy and strain rate sensitivity at higher strain level, equi-biaxial stress state is prerequisite. As reported in the literature, Bulge tests are frequently used for this purpose, but in this work, stack compression test is used as an alternative. In this experiment, deformation in the middle layer where the friction effect is the lowest was monitored using two pairs of DIC systems in rolling and transversal directions. Uniaxial tensile tests as well as stack compression tests were performed on mild ferritic steel DC01 at different strain rates, from 0.001 −1 to 10 −1. Strain rate sensitivity parameter was investigated at different level of strains for both experiments and strain rate sensitivity profiles were obtained. Results show a decrease of material strain rate sensitivity with increasing the true strain

Protected state enhanced quantum metrology with interacting two-level ensembles

Ramsey interferometry is routinely used in quantum metrology for the most sensitive measurements of optical clock frequencies. Spontaneous decay to the electromagnetic vacuum ultimately limits the interrogation time and thus sets a lower bound to the optimal frequency sensitivity. In dense ensembles of two-level systems the presence of collective effects such as superradiance and dipole-dipole interaction tends to decrease the sensitivity even further. We show that by a redesign of the Ramsey-pulse sequence to include different rotations of individual spins that effectively fold the collective state onto a state close to the center of the Bloch sphere, partial protection from collective decoherence and dephasing is possible. This allows a significant improvement in the sensitivity limit of a clock transition detection scheme over the conventional Ramsey method for interacting systems and even for non-interacting decaying atoms