Metode Deteriorasi Terkontrol untuk Pendugaan Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai

Physiological quality of soybean seeds was easily deteriorated during storage. The objectives of the research were to determine controlled deterioration test which could be used to evaluate soybean seed viability and to find the appropriate controlled deterioration test for estimating storability of soybean seed. The research was conducted at the quality control laboratory PT. BISI International, Tbk., Kediri since October 2012 until February 2013. The completely randomized design with four replications was used in the experiment by moisture content and deterioration periods as treatment. The results showed that the controlled deterioration periods to evaluate two varieties of soybean seed were same for 16 hours at 17.5% moisture content for Wilis and 15% moisture content for Detam-1. The result also showed that there were significant correlations between controlled deterioration values with actual values from 16 weeks storage periods, indicating controlled deterioration test periods could estimate storage periods. Verification of seed vigor relation to storability model showed there were no significant differences between germination and speed of germination between controlled deterioration and actual values. Simulation of soybean seed storability model with germination percentage after controlled deterioration as input variables could predict the storage periods

Metode Deteriorasi Terkontrol untuk Pendugaan Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai

Physiological quality of soybean seeds was easily deteriorated during storage. The objectives of the research were to determine controlled deterioration test which could be used to evaluate soybean seed viability and to find the appropriate controlled deterioration test for estimating storability of soybean seed. The research was conducted at the quality control laboratory PT. BISI International, Tbk., Kediri since October 2012 until February 2013. The completely randomized design with four replications was used in the experiment by moisture content and deterioration periods as treatment. The results showed that the controlled deterioration periods to evaluate two varieties of soybean seed were same for 16 hours at 17.5% moisture content for Wilis and 15% moisture content for Detam-1. The result also showed that there were significant correlations between controlled deterioration values with actual values from 16 weeks storage periods, indicating controlled deterioration test periods could estimate storage periods. Verification of seed vigor relation to storability model showed there were no significant differences between germination and speed of germination between controlled deterioration and actual values. Simulation of soybean seed storability model with germination percentage after controlled deterioration as input variables could predict the storage periods.Keywords: Glycine max, rapid ageing, seed modelling, seed vigour, vigour inde

Response of argentine canola seedlots to four laboratory vigour tests

Non-Peer ReviewedSixteen seedlots from four varieties of Argentine canola, Brassica napus L., were subjected to four laboratory vigour tests including the modified germination test, accelerated aging test, controlled deterioration test and conductivity test. Results indicated that within each variety, high germination seedlots had lowest conductivity readings and were least prone to accelerated aging or controlled deterioration. Conversely, low germination seedlots had highest conductivity and were most prone to deteriorate after exposure to 45oC for 24 h. Germination counts of seedlots in each vigour test were correlated with field data from early May plantings at Saskatoon, Watrous and Rosebank in 2000. Pearson correlation coefficients indicated that the modified germination test, accelerated aging test, controlled deterioration test and seedling dry weight in controlled deterioration test provided the best indication of seedling emergence and seedling establishment. Seedling dry weight in the controlled deterioration test provided the highest statistical correlation with seedling fresh weight and biomass. Conductivity readings were inversely correlated with seedling establishment and biomass

Evaluation of pea seed vigor by the accelerated aging and controlled deterioration tests

Vigor tests were developed to detect differences in seed lots due to limitations of germination tests. The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the accelerated aging and controlled deterioration tests to assess the vigor of pea seed lots. The water content and physiological quality of five pea lots cv. Aragon were determined using the germination and vigor tests (first count, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence and speed of emergence index, accelerated aging with the traditional system and with saturated NaCl solution at 41ºC for 48, 72 and 96 hours; and controlled deterioration test with 15, 20, 25% water content for 48, 72 and 96 hours at 42ºC). The accelerated aging test with saturated NaCl solution for 96 hours was efficient to categorize pea seeds lots. Combinations of 20% water for 72 hours and 25% water for 48 and 72 hours were efficient to categorize pea seed lots using the controlled deterioration test

Vigor of lentil seeds evaluated by the tests of accelerated aging and controlled deterioration / Vigor de sementes de lentilha avaliadas pelos testes de envelhecimento acelerado e deterioração controlada

The objective of this work was to investigate the efficiency of the accelerated aging and controlled deterioration tests in the evaluation of lentil seeds’ vigor. Water content was determined and the physiological quality was evaluated using germination and vigor tests (first count, seedling emergence, indices of germination speed and emergence, accelerated aging test with traditional method and with NaCl saturated solution at 41ºC and 45ºC for 24, 48, 72 hours and controlled deterioration with 20% and 24% water content for 24, 48 and 72 hours at 45ºC) in seven lots of lentil seeds cv Silvina. The use of traditional accelerated aging test and the NaCl saturated solution method at 41ºC for 48 hours were efficient to classify lentil seeds’ lots. The combination of 20% and 24% water for 48 hours exposure and of 20% water for 72 hours exposure were efficient to classify the lentil seed lots by the controlled deterioration test. 

Seed quality and vigour of Polish canola (Brassica rapa)

Non-Peer ReviewedSeed vigour of nine Polish canola varieties was studied in the laboratory using the controlled deterioration test and a modified germination test. Vigour ratings were correlated with field data from late May plantings at Saskatoon in 1998 - 2000. Correlation coefficients indicated that the modified germination test provided a better indication of seedling establishment and seedling growth than the controlled deterioration test. Exposure of seed lots to high temperature (45oC for 24 h) substantially reduced the vigour of AC Parkland and Reward but had little effect on the vigour of other Polish varieties

Metode Deteriorasi Terkontrol untuk Pendugaan Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai

ABSTRACTPhysiological quality of soybean seeds was easily deteriorated during storage. The objectives of the research were to determine controlled deterioration test which could be used to evaluate soybean seed viability and to find the appropriate controlled deterioration test for estimating storability of soybean seed. The research was conducted at the quality control laboratory PT. BISI International, Tbk., Kediri since October 2012 until February 2013. The completely randomized design with four replications was used in the experiment by moisture content and deterioration periods as treatment. The results showed that the controlled deterioration periods to evaluate two varieties of soybean seed were same for 16 hours at 17.5% moisture content for Wilis and 15% moisture content for Detam-1. The result also showed that there were significant correlations between controlled deterioration values with actual values from 16 weeks storage periods, indicating controlled deterioration test periods could estimate storage periods. Verification of seed vigor relation to storability model showed there were no significant differences between germination and speed of germination between controlled deterioration and actual values. Simulation of soybean seed storability model with germination percentage after controlled deterioration as input variables could predict the storage periods.Keywords: Glycine max, rapid ageing, seed modelling, seed vigour, vigour inde

Modifying Controlled Deterioration for Evaluating Field Weathering Resistance of Soybean

ABSTRACT To develop practical methods for testing field weathering resistance of soybean varieties, pods and seeds from CM60 (susceptible) and GC10981 (resistant) were tested by seven treatments. Among the treatments, modified incubator weathering (yellow pods were incubated at 30°C under 90-100% relative humidity for 7 days) and the controlled deterioration (dry seeds were soaked in distilled water for 60 minutes and then incubated at 41°C under 90-100% relative humidity for 3 days) showed widerange differences in seed germination and viability between CM60 and GC10981. These two treatments were then tested on 11 soybean varieties comparing with a field weathering treatment. The germination of seeds treated by controlled deterioration was highly correlated to the germination of seeds subjected to field weathering treatment (r=0.964**, n=11). The viability of seeds submitted to both incubator weathering and controlled deterioration were also correlated to the viability of seeds exposed to field weathering (r=0.697* and 0.716*, n=11). The modified incubator weathering and controlled deterioration methods were further used to evaluate the field weathering resistance of 139 F 2 progenies derived from the cross CM60/GC10981. There was a significant correlation between the incubator weathering and the controlled deterioration by considering the germination and viability of seeds (germination r=0.331**, viability r=0.425**, n=139). Both the modified incubator weathering and controlled deterioration were efficient for evaluating the field weathering resistance of soybean varieties. Particularly, controlled deterioration method was found to be a useful way for evaluating the field weathering resistance of soybean seeds

A study of seed vigour test methodology variables : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science in Seed Technology at Massey University

Further research of some variables and procedures for promising seed vigour tests, such as the conductivity, Accelerated Ageing (AA) and Controlled Deterioration (CD) tests, is needed for their wider application and standardisation. Experiments to determine the effects of fungicide and insecticide seed treatments, and breaking hard seed using concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and mechanical scarification on results of the conductivity and AA tests; determining tolerances for the conductivity test; and a comparison of the efficiency of two methods of raising seed moisture content (SMC), i.e., the water added method (WAM) and the filter paper method (FPM) for the CD test; were carried out using a number of seed species and methodology according to the procedures recommended by the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) and its Vigour Test Committee. At the recommended application rate, protectant and systemic fungicide seed treatments had little effect on seed conductivity of the large seeded legumes garden pea (Pisum sativum L.), soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merril), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), and the cereals maize, sweet corn (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) both immediately after treatment and after two months storage. However, at double the application rate, systemic fungicide seed treatments significantly increased conductivity, but not necessarily for all the species, cultivars and chemicals used. Seed treated at the recommended fungicide application rate can be directly tested for conductivity without removal of the chemicals. Seed treatment chemicals, particularly insecticides, tended to increase conductivity of the small seeded legume white clover (Trifolium repens L.). However, the reliability of the conductivity test for small seeded legumes needs further investigation as the method currently recommended produced variable results. There was no clear trend for the effects of seed treatment chemicals on AA test results because different chemicals, particularly systemic ones, had different phytotoxicity, even at the recommended rate. However, when comparing the vigour of seed lots treated with the same fungicide or insecticide at a similar application rate, the seed lots can be directly AA tested. The effects of the chemicals on seeds are modified by their phytotoxicity, and their beneficial effects that are determined by chemical application rate, physical condition of the seed lot, vigour status of the seed lot, fungal infection and storage time. The tolerances for differences between the highest and lowest conductivity result among four replicates of a seed lot for garden pea cv. Bolero were calculated as 4.77 and 5.56μS/cm/g at the 5 and 1% significance level respectively. The present tolerance of 5μS/cm/g recommended by the Vigour Test Committee of ISTA is appropriate for pea and other large seeded legumes. However it may be not suitable for cereals and small seeded legumes because of large differences in conductivity value among them. Both the WAM and the FPM provided a SMC for large seeded species of garden pea and maize very near the desired SMC for the CD test. Variability was small, and ranking of seed lot vigour did not differ between the two methods of raising SMC. The WAM provided a reasonably acceptable SMC in terms of mean and variance for the small seeded species onion (Allium cepa L.) and swede (Brassica napus var. napobrassica L.), but was very dependent on the accurate operation of the micropipette and improvement of SMC determination methodology after the CD test. Therefore the WAM, after further refinement, will be able to be used for the CD test, superseding the FPM. Artificial deterioration conditions i.e., high temperature of 40°C for 48h and 45°C for 24h at near 20% SMC induced high seed dormancy in swede seed lots of cultivars received from the United Kingdom and New Zealand, but the extent varied with cultivar and initial SMC. Pre-chilling and 20-30°C germination temperature broke the dormancy. Caution should be used when swede and its close species e.g., rape (Brassica napus L.) and other Brassica spp. are artificial ageing tested. H2SO4 treatment had little negative effect on germination of white clover and lotus (Lotus uliginosus Schk.), but significantly increased conductivity and reduced AA germination because of seed coat degradation and fungal invasion

Response of french bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to rate and ratio of potassium fertilizer application

A field study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilizer, when applied in different ratios, as a basal or top dressing on vegetative growth, immature pod and seed yield of French bean as well as seed quality for planting purpose determined by germination before and after controlled deterioration. The ratios of fertilizer application at a given rate of 100:0,50: or 0:100, were added at planting (basal) or at flowering (R1 stage - top dressing). Establishment of French bean was not affected by potassium. In contrast, vegetative growth and most yield components increased significantly with up to 100 kg K20 per ha. Application of a given rate only at planting (100:0) enhanced vegetative growth compared with a split rate. Application at flowering alone (0: 100) reduced all measured parameters, confirming the requirement of potassium at planting. Yields of immature pods harvested for vegetable purposes were not significantly increased by the two applications in the ratio of 50:50 (basal: top dressing). Seed quality determined by germination before and after controlled deterioration was also affected and split applications of 100 kg K20 in the ratio of 50:50 increased germinability