Blood Pressure Variation in the Institutionalized Elderly

Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) monitoring has been used to examine stress responses in a variety of settings and populations, demonstrating that both the environment and activities influence BP. Little is known, however, about the effects of such factors on the BP of elders, particularly those in institutional settings. This paper examines sources of variation in BP among elders living in two long-term care settings. Twentyseven residents of a nursing home (NH) facility and 29 residents from independent living (IL) facilities wore ABP monitors for approximately 24-hours. Individual pressures were transformed to z-scores and analyzed by ANOVA. Posture, mood and activity were significantly associated with systolic BP among IL while location and activity were significantly associated among NH. Posture and activity were associated with diastolic BP among IL residents. The specific effects of location, posture, and activity did not differ across settings

Polymorphisms in the WNK1 gene are asociated with blood pressure variation and urinary potassium excretion

WNK1 - a serine/threonine kinase involved in electrolyte homeostasis and blood pressure (BP) control - is an excellent candidate gene for essential hypertension (EH). We and others have previously reported association between WNK1 and BP variation. Using tag SNPs (tSNPs) that capture 100% of common WNK1 variation in HapMap, we aimed to replicate our findings with BP and to test for association with phenotypes relating to WNK1 function in the British Genetics of Hypertension (BRIGHT) study case-control resource (1700 hypertensive cases and 1700 normotensive controls). We found multiple variants to be associated with systolic blood pressure, SBP (7/28 tSNPs min-p = 0.0005), diastolic blood pressure, DBP (7/28 tSNPs min-p = 0.002) and 24 hour urinary potassium excretion (10/28 tSNPs min-p = 0.0004). Associations with SBP and urine potassium remained significant after correction for multiple testing (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01 respectively). The major allele (A) of rs765250, located in intron 1, demonstrated the strongest evidence for association with SBP, effect size 3.14 mmHg (95%CI:1.23–4.9), DBP 1.9 mmHg (95%CI:0.7–3.2) and hypertension, odds ratio (OR: 1.3 [95%CI: 1.0–1.7]).We genotyped this variant in six independent populations (n = 14,451) and replicated the association between rs765250 and SBP in a meta-analysis (p = 7×10−3, combined with BRIGHT data-set p = 2×10−4, n = 17,851). The associations of WNK1 with DBP and EH were not confirmed. Haplotype analysis revealed striking associations with hypertension and BP variation (global permutation p10 mmHg reduction) and risk for hypertension (OR<0.60). Our data indicates that multiple rare and common WNK1 variants contribute to BP variation and hypertension, and provide compelling evidence to initiate further genetic and functional studies to explore the role of WNK1 in BP regulation and EH

Novel Overview of Seasonal Blood Pressure Variation: Review Article

Background: One of the world's most common health issues is high blood pressure. Hypertension's dangers are welldocumented and have been shown in numerous large-scale investigations. Seasonal variation in blood pressure is largely due to changes in the temperature of the surrounding environment. Several studies have found a negative correlation between the temperature outside and blood pressure. No observational study has been done in Egypt so far using either healthy people or patients to examine the effect of weather on blood pressure. Evidence suggests that seasonal fluctuations in ambient temperature have an impact on cardiovascular events and blood pressure levels. Objective: Study the blood pressure levels in the winter and summer to see whether they differ. Conclusion: In both men and women, young and elderly, the seasonal change in BP appears to be a global phenomenon that has been documented in regions with varying climate conditions

Richard Lifton, 2005

Richard P. Lifton. Genetic dissection of human blood pressure variation: common pathways for rare phenotypeshttps://digitalcommons.rockefeller.edu/harvey-lectures/1063/thumbnail.jp

Blood Pressure Variation and Cardiovascular Risks

There are short-term and long-term variations seen in blood pressure. An abnormal pattern in cyclic variations of blood pressure (diurnal or seasonal) correlates well with an increased cardiovascular risk for hypertension, regardless of the resting blood pressure level. Increased blood pressure reactivity to external stimuli is also associated with a higher cardiovascular risk, and may be a significant determinant of cyclic blood pressure variations. A further understanding of the pathophysiological basis of abnormal blood pressure variations is recommended, and the physiological factors should be considered as new therapeutic targetsope

Twenty-Four Hour Blood Pressure Variation and Cardiovascular Risks between Smokers and Nonsmokers

There are short-term and long-term variations seen in blood pressure. An abnormal pattern in cyclic variations of blood pressure (diurnal or seasonal) correlates well with an increased cardiovascular risk for hypertension, regardless of the resting blood pressure level. Increased blood pressure reactivity to smoking is also associated with a higher cardiovascular risk, and may be a significant determinant of cyclic blood pressure variations. The purpose of the study was to compare systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between smokers and non smokers and elicit the cardiovascular risk. To achieve the purpose twenty (20) male athletes were selected from Dept. of physical education and sports science, Annamalai University, among these selected subjects ten (10) were smokers and ten (10) were non smokers. The parameters analyzed were 24-hour daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic blood pressure using sphygmomanometer. The data was collected at six different times of the day 02:00, 06:00, 10:00, 14:00, 18:00 and 22:00 hours respectively. The data was collected from smokers and non smokers on SBP and DBP and 2 × 6 ANOVA with last factor repeated was computed. SBP and DBP showed significant variations between smokers and non smokers. SBP and DBP showed significant variations between smokers and non smokers at different times of the day. Not only the absolute value of blood pressure, but also the patterns of its excessive variation are closely related to the occurrence of cardiovascular events, so these patterns are clinically important. It may be difficult to explain the exact mechanisms of various abnormal short-term and long-term blood pressure variations at present. Smoking has been suggested as the causes of abnormal variations in blood pressure

Determinants of arterial and central venous blood pressure variation in ventilated critically ill children

Purpose: Ventilation-induced arterial pressure variation predicts volume responsiveness in adults. Several factors are known to influence the interpretability of these variations. We analysed ventilation-induced variations in critically ill children with reference to ventilatory and circulatory parameters. Methods: We prospectively included 20 paediatric patients. Variation of systolic pressure (SPV), pulse pressure (PPV) and central venous pressure (CVP) were assessed during pressure-controlled ventilation with inspiratory pressures (P insp) of 20 and 28cmH2O. Blood gases were analysed and echocardiography was performed. Results: SPV, PPV and CVP variation significantly increased with elevated P insp (p<0.001, p=0.008 and p=0.003). Baseline CVP and shortening fraction were significant negative predictors of PPV and SPV. Conclusion: This preliminary study identified P insp as a determinant of SPV, PPV and CVP variation in children. Further independent determinants of SPV and PPV were baseline CVP and ventricular performance, both of which must be considered when interpreting pressure variation

Blood Pressure Variation in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon

This biocultural anthropology thesis assesses the anomalies in blood pressure rates of four indigenous Northern Ecuadorian groups utilizing data collected between 2001 and 2014 by UNC-affiliated researchers. It aims to holistically compare the findings of each indigenous group in analysis to that of contemporary health trends in Western industrialized countries like the United States. Overall, the project's objective is to assess and analyze the variations that exist in blood pressure recordings (specifically those drawn in 2009) of the Quichua, Shuar, Cofán, and Huaorani groups related to anthropometric measurements, the environment, and the economy and draw comparisons to standard rates in the United States. It can be concluded that several factors contribute to this notion, including the distinct subsistence practices of each group, the types of economies/consumer markets utilized within each region, the determinant patterns of physical labor as it relates to commercialism, and the governing social perceptions concerning health and wellness. This project offers researchers, biologists, and anthropologists a way to infer further applications of the uses and indications of blood pressure recordings, such as surveying how and why social influences impact biological functions differently in high versus low-developed countries.Bachelor of Art