Back channels in japanese and portuguese conversations: syntactic context of occurrence and implications for the dynamics of interaction

In this paper we analyze the position of back channels in Japanese and Portuguese conversations，as well as the similarities and differences between them in the course of interaction. Although in both languages back channels occurred in similar positions in the structure of spoken discourse，from the interactional point of view they showed different realizations, suggesting some significant implications for each exchange system.No presente artigo analisamos a posição dos fáticos retroalimentadores em conversações em japonês e português，bem como as suas semelhanças e diferenças ao longo do processo interacional. Os fáticos retroalimentadores, apesar de ocorrerem em posições semelhantes na estrutura do discurso oral，apresentaram diferentes realizações sob a perspectiva interacional，sugerindo implicações significativas para o sistema conversacional de cada língua

Wildlife use and habitat quality of back channel areas associated with islands on the Ohio River, West Virginia

The islands and associated back channels on the Ohio River have long been thought to provide important habitat characteristics for riparian wildlife. However, few studies have quantitatively evaluated this importance. As pressure continues to develop back channel areas for commercial and residential use, quantitative information is vital for natural resource managers to justify conserving these areas for wildlife. The goals of my study were to quantify wildlife use of back and main channels relative to waterbirds, anurans, turtles, and riparian furbearing mammals, and to evaluate the habitat quality of back and main channels through the use of habitat suitability index models. My results show that back channels are critical for riparian wildlife that require abundant woody cover and, likely, protection from the main current of the river and human disturbance. I suggest that back channel areas be conserved for wildlife and protected from high levels of potential human disturbance

Compression Test on Cold-Formed Steel Built-up Back-to-Back Channels Stub Columns

Built-up sections are used to resist load induced in a structure when a single section is not sufficient to carry the design load for example roof trusses. In current North American Specification, the provision has been substantially taken from research in hot-rolled built-up members connected with bolts or welds [1]. The aim of this paper is to investigate on built-up back-to-back channels stub columns experimentally and theoretically using Effective Width Method and Direct Strength Method. Compression test was performed on 5 lipped channel and 5 back-to-back channels stub columns fabricated from cold-formed steel sheets of 1.2mm thicknesses. The test results indicated that local buckling is the dominant failure modes of stub columns. Therefore, Effective Width Method predicts the capacity of stub columns compared to Direct Strength Method. When compared to the average test results, results based on EWM are 5% higher while results based on DSM are 12% higher for stub column

Just Like a Tree Planted by the Waters, I Shall Not Be Moved : Charles Ogletree, Jr., and the Plain Virtues of Lawyering for Racial Equality

It was a moment of unbelievable risk, a precipice of career suicide, a decision that would challenge the careful planning of more timid lawyers. His wife urged caution; a Harvard colleague explored back channels with the Senate Judiciary Committee to telegraph warning to him of unseen torpedoes that might lie in his path. Even he hesitated in the face of the immediate demands of the substantial scholarly writing required to earn tenure at Harvard. Yet, at the end of the day of October 10, 1991, Charles Ogletree, Jr., known as Tree to his friends, chose to step into a role for which he is now most remembered: counsel to Professor Anita Hill during her testimony about Judge Clarence Thomas\u27s inappropriate sexual behavior when she worked for him as a government lawyer. It was a defining choice that made visible to the world the deep character traits that have made Tree a well-loved and respected figure in the legal academy, a fixture on the front lines of the legal fight for racial equality. This Essay is a personal reflection on the character traits and public commitments to racial equality that I have observed since I first learned who Charles Ogletree was

Strength and deflection behaviour of cold-formed steel back-to-back channels

© 2018 Cold-formed steel (CFS) construction can lead to more efficient designs compared to hot-rolled steel members as a consequence of its high strength, light weight, ease of fabrication, and flexibility in their cross-section profiles. However, CFS members are vulnerable to local, distortional and overall buckling modes. This paper develops a numerical model to investigate the flexural strength and failure modes of CFS back-to-back channel beams and verifies the efficiency of an optimisation framework previously proposed. The model incorporates non-linear stress-strain behaviour and enhanced corner properties obtained from coupon tests, as well as initial geometric imperfections measured in physical specimens. To simulate the behaviour of a bolt bearing against a steel plate in the back-to-back section, a connector model is used that takes into account both slippage and bearing deformations. The developed Finite Element (FE) models are verified against six four-point bending tests on CFS back-to-back channel beams, where excellent agreement is found between the experimental results and the FE predictions. The validated FE models are then used to assess the adequacy of the effective width method in EC3 and the Direct Strength Method (DSM) in estimating the design capacity of conventional and optimum design CFS channel beam sections. The results indicate that both EC3 and DSM provide accurate predictions for the bending capacity of lipped channel beam sections. A comparison between FE predictions and tested results show that, the geometric imperfections can change the FE predictions of ultimate capacity by 7%, while the strain-hardening of CFS material at the round corners has negligible effects. It is also shown that EC3 uses a reduced cross-sectional property to calculate deflections, which can reasonably predict deflections with a slight overestimation (6%) at the serviceability load level

A survey of bird use of the wetlands of the Tatchun-to-Minto Yukon Valley

"The 48-km stretch of the Yukon Valley from the mouth of Tatchun Creek to Minto Crossing was surveyed. 110 islands, just over 50 back channels, plus 14 off-channel ponds constitute the wetland habitat most used by birds. Two key areas were groupings of islands and mid-channel bars, one near Yukon Crossing and one near the mouth of McCabe creek. We found 31 species of water birds using the area. Vegetation on river bars and islands was key. In constant successional stage, riparian willow bordered by a grass and sedge community with horsetail as the key emergent was used principally by migrating waterfowl. Breeding by waterfowl was a minor use, (5 species). A relatively dense assemblage of birds of prey indicate a highly productive area: 6 pairs of Bald eagles and 3 pairs of peregrine falcons were recorded. The inordinate mix of islands and cut off channels in the region with its obvious use by spawning salmon are key to the reason the area has such high local value. Moose, wolves, bears and a variety of small mammals along with 95 species of birds were found using the habitats of this river reach. Protecting the ecology of the area will involve maintaining the current hydrologic regime, protecting critical habitats from disturbance and avoiding contaminating the key back channels and inflow streams."--from Summary

Effects of the plate slenderness ratio on built-up back-to-back channels stub columns

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of plate slenderness ratio on the compression capacity and the performance of cold-formed steel built-up back-to-back C-channels sections. For stub columns, the overall slenderness ratio (KL/r) of the column has little effect on the load carrying capacity of the section. However, the plate element slenderness plays a major role in determining the performance of stub columns. The plate element slenderness for web or flanges needs to be less than the yield slenderness limit to be fully effective. Otherwise, only proportion of the web or flanges can be considered as effective. The study of the effects of plate element slenderness was carried out on the cold formed steel built-up columns fabricated by connecting two lipped C-channel columns back-to-back using self-drilling screws. Experimental results are compared with the calculated design results from the NAS specifications. Finite element model was created using commercial software LUSAS v14.4 to simulate the deformation curves and also to predict the load carrying capacities. Finite element results are validated by the test results. This study on the stub column shows that the plate element slenderness plays an important role in determining the compressive capacity and behavior of the stub column

Internet search results: President’s labor management advisory committee, in The Lycos.net, circa 2000

Internet search results

Detente or Razryadka? The Kissinger-Dobrynin Telephone Transcripts and Relaxing American-Soviet Tensions, 1969-1977.

This dissertation argues that through a secret backchannel, US National Security Adviser and later Secretary of State Henry Kissinger and Soviet Ambassador to the US Anatoly Dobrynin formed a relationship which provided the empathy needed to bridge many of the ideological differences between their two countries. It examines transcripts of their telephone conversations from 1969-1977 when the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in detente, or a relaxation of tensions, during the Cold War. The dissertation concludes that the Kissinger-Dobrynin backchannel serves as a case study of the effectiveness of back channels in international diplomacy