Relationship between Vitamin and Fetal Development

胎儿在母体宫内发育经过受精卵、胚胎、胎儿三个阶段,任何影响母胎健康的病因都影响宫内受精卵、胚胎和胎儿的发育,严重者甚至导致胚胎停育、胎死宫内。缺乏维生素容易诱发人体各种疾病,孕期母体维生素的需要量增加,如果孕期母体维生素摄入不足、补充不够、未得到及时增加或增加过量,都会影响胎儿器官的正常发育,导致胎儿发育不良。有些严重的胎儿畸形是致死性的,因此孕期要注意筛查及时处理。孕期加强母胎保健,重视优生优育,改善孕妇和儿童营养状况,合理调配膳食,适当补充维生素,了解各种维生素的功效和胎儿发育的相关性,有助于降低新生儿出生缺陷、防治妇女儿童营养缺乏病。aFertilized egg, embryo and fetus are three stages of fetus growth in maternal intrauterine. Any factors caused by the mother or the fetus can affect intrauterine growth of fertilized egg, embryo and fetus. Some serious factors could lead to embryonic growth cease, even fetal death. Lack of vitamin can induce human related diseases, and vitamin requirements are increased in pregnant women. If insufficient of vitamin intake in those pregnant women, fetus could suffer from dysplasia. Some severe fetal abnormalities can cause fetal death. So, it is necessary that pregnant women should have fetal developmental screening, and that those pregnant women with vitamin insufficient should be treated in time. The reasonable supplement of vitamins, and deployment of diet, is benefit for them to reduce neonatal defects, and to prevent the nutrition-related diseases in pregnant women

Transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 13 core prostate biopsy for diagnosing prostate carcinoma

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下13点前列腺系统穿刺活检对诊断前列腺癌的临床价值。方法 255例直肠指诊阳性和(或)PSA>4ng/Ml患者全部行13点前列腺系统穿刺活检。在标准6点前列腺系统穿刺活检术的同时,增加前列腺中间部位及前列腺两侧旁正中线远侧的穿刺点数,总活检13点。将增加的7点活检部位的病理结果与标准6点活检术病理结果进行比较。结果 255例患者中确诊为前列腺癌者71例(28%),这71例前列腺癌患者若只接受6点穿刺方法,将有15例患者漏诊,约占21%。所有行13点穿刺患者均未出现严重并发症。结论直肠超声引导下13点前列腺系统穿刺活检术可明显提高前列腺癌的临床检出率,并且无严重并发症,可广泛临床推广。Objective To evaluate the clinical value of transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 13 core prostate biopsy.Methods A total of 255 patients referred to abnormal digital rectal examination and/or prostate specific antigen 4ng/ml or greater underwent transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 13 core prostate biopsy.That was,in addition to standard sextant biopsies, cores were taken from the far lateral and middle regions of the gland as described by Eskew.Pathological findings of the additional regions were compared with those of the sextant regions.Results of the patients 28% had cancer on biopsy (71/255).of the 71patients with prostate cancer 15(21%)had carcinoma only in the additional regions, which would have remained undetected had the sextant biopsy technique been used alone (P<0.05).No one of severe complications could be found among the patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 13 core prostate biopsy.Conclusion Our data demonstrated that transrectal ultrasound guided systematic 13 core prostate biopsy can increase the detection rate significantly.It is safe and efficacious, and should be recommended to be used in clinic

Correlation of allergic rhinitis and deviation of nassal septurm

目的探讨变应性鼻炎与鼻中隔偏曲的关系,为伴有鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎手术治疗提供依据。方法选取72例伴有鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎的患者,随机分成A、b二组,A组行鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术加常规药物治疗、b组采用常规药物治疗。选取36例不伴有鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎患者为C组,行鼻中隔黏膜下剥离术加常规药物治疗。随访12个月,观察疗效,进行相关性分析。结果治疗后1周A、b、C三组的总有效率均为100%,1个月时三组的总有效率分别为A组:100%、b组:18.8%、C组:100%,各组之间疗效差异有统计学意义,A、C组疗效明显高于b组,6个月时三组的总有效率分别为A组:95%、b组:全部复发、C组88.9%,A、C组疗效差异无统计学意义,12个月时A、C组的总有效率分别为A组:90%、C组:69.4%,二组疗效差异有统计学意义,A组高于C组。结论予伴有鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎患者行鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术治疗,有较好疗效。变应性鼻炎发病与鼻中隔偏曲有关,对伴有鼻中隔偏曲的变应性鼻炎患者可行鼻中隔黏膜下矫正术治疗。Objective To study the relationship between allergic rhinitis and deviation of nassal septurm and to provide reference for the surgical treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with septal deviation.Methods 72 cases of perennial allergic rhinitis with septal deviation were randomly assigned to two groups: group A and group B.Group A received nasal septal reconstruction with routine therapy.Group B were treated with routine therapy.A total of 36 cases allergic rhinitis without septal deviation were Group C, and they also received nasal septal reconstruction with routine therapy.During the follow-up of 12 months, we observed the effects and did the relavent analysis.Results After 1 week follow-up, the overall effective rate of the three groups were all 100%.After 1 month follow-up, the overall effective rate of group A,B and C was in turn 100%, 18.8%,100%,There was significant difference among groups.The efficacy of group A and C was higher than that of group B.After 6 months follow-up, the overall effective rate of group A and C was in turn 95%, 88.9%.Group B: all recrudescent.No significant difference was found between group A and C .After 12 months follow-up, the overall effective rate of group A and C was in turn 90%, 69.4%.There was significant difference between group A and C.The efficacy of group A was higher than that of group B .Conclusion There is a relation between allergic rhinitis and deviation of nassal septurm.Application of nasal septal reconstruction proved useful for the treatment of the perennial allergic rhinitis patients with septal deviation

Preparation of pullulan acetate nanoparticles

目的:通过乙酰化反应将亲水性普鲁兰多糖进行疏水改性,并制备乙酰普鲁兰纳米粒。方法:利用傅立叶红外光谱(fOurIEr TrAnSfOrMInfrArEd,fT-Ir)、核磁共振氢谱(PrOTOn nuClEAr MAgnETIC rESOnAnCE,1HnMr)对乙酰普鲁兰结构进行表征并计算乙酰化取代度。采用溶剂扩散法制备乙酰化普鲁兰纳米粒,并通过透射电镜及动态光散射仪表征了纳米粒的形态和粒径,以考察各种因素对纳米粒形成的影响。结果:fT-Ir及1H nMr结果证明乙酰化产物的存在;乙酰普鲁兰纳米粒为球形,粒径随乙酰基取代度的增加而增加。结论:可通过溶剂扩散法制备乙酰普鲁兰纳米粒,该方法简单易行,易于扩大生产。该纳米粒有望成为新型纳米药物载体。Objective:To synthesize pullulan acetate(PA) by the reaction of pullulan with acetic anhydride and prepare its nanoparticles.Methods:The chemical structure of product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR) spectroscopy.The degree of substitution was determined by 1H NMR.The solvent diffusion method was used to prepare PA nanoparticles.The nanoparticles were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),dynamic laser light scattering(DLLS) to investigate influencing factors.Results:The chemical structure of PA was confirmed by FT-IR and 1H NMR.PA nanoparticles had spherical morphology and the size was increased with acetate degree of substitution.Conclusion:PA nanoparticles could be prepared by solvent diffusion method.The preparation procedure was easy for industrial production.This novel nanoparticle system was promising to be a good drug carrier.国家重大科学研究计划项目(2006CB933300);博士点基金项目(20060023050

Preparation and quality control of Mango Cough Mixture

目的:制备芒果止咳合剂并建立其质量控制方法。方法:采用微波提取法制备芒果止咳合剂;以化学法和薄层色谱(TlC)法鉴别芒果苷;以高效液相色谱(HPlC)法测定芒果苷的含量。结果:化学法和TlC能清晰地鉴别芒果苷;芒果苷进样量在4~14μg范围内线性关系良好(r=1.0000);加样回收率为96.78%(rSd=2.00%)。结论:本制剂制备方法简便,稳定性良好。TlC法专属性强,HPlC法简便、准确,可用于芒果止咳合剂的质量控制。Objective: To prepare Mango Cough Mixture and establish its quality standard.Methods: The methods of microwave extraction was adopted to prepare for the mango cough mixture.Chemistry and TLC were used to identify Mangigerin, and HPLC was used to determine the content of Mangigerin.Results: Mangigerin was clearly identified with chemistry and TCL.A good linearity was seen of Mangigerin in the range of 4-14 μg (r=1.000 0).The recovery rate was 96.78% (RSD =2.00% ).Conclusion: The preparation is simple in preparation technique and good in stability.The TLC method is highly exclusive.The HPLC method is simple, accurate, and can be used for the quality control of Mango Cough Mixture

Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticles for Targeting and Sustained Drug Delivery System by Ion-induced Combined with Chemical Crosslinking

目的制备粒径相对可控的壳聚糖纳米粒,探索其在药物缓释体系中的应用。方法以多聚磷酸钠为离子诱导剂、戊二醛为化学交联剂,通过离子诱导结合化学交联法,制备壳聚糖纳米粒;在1-乙基-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EdC)作用下,分别进行丝裂霉素载药以及聚乙二醇(PEg),叶酸修饰;另外,对载药纳米粒子进行不同PH条件下的体外释药实验;对PEg,叶酸修饰的壳聚糖纳米粒罗丹明b荧光标记后,进行激光共聚焦以及活体成像实验。结果离子诱导交联法可以获得粒径范围在200--500 nM的壳聚糖纳米粒;丝裂霉素载药量可以达到25%,包封率为50%,体外释药呈现突释和缓释双相特征,并且随着PH的升高释药明显加快;未经修饰的、叶酸修饰的以及PEg和叶酸修饰的纳米粒都能有效的进入HElA细胞,而单独PEg修饰的却很少进入细胞内;叶酸修饰的纳米粒有明显的靶向作用,PEg修饰的纳米粒可以明显延长实验裸鼠血液中循环时间。结论采用离子诱导结合化学交联法可以获得粒径可控、稳定、适合于主动靶向给药的壳聚糖纳米粒。OBJECTIVE To prepare chitosan nanoparticle with controllable size and investigate its applications to targeting and sustained drug delivery system.METHODS The combination of an ion-induced and chemical crosslinking method was used to prepare chitosan nanoparticles,and mitomycin C,PEG and folic acid were bound covalently on the surface of chitosan nanoparticles in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyllaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride(EDC),respectively.In vitro drug release test was carried out in different pH PBS solution.Confocal laser scanning microscope of Hela cell and in vivo imaging test were carried out using PEG and folic acid-modified chitosan nanoparticles labeled by Rhodamine B.RESULTS The diameter was in the range of 200 and 500 nm,the drug-loading capability and entrapment efficiency were 25% and 50%,respectively.The drug release was somewhat biphasic with an initial burst effect,followed by a subsequent slower release.Furthermore,increasing pH of the medium resulted in a faster release rate.Blank chitosan nanoparticles,folic acid modified and both folic acid and PEG-modified nanoparticles were effectively uptaken by Hela cells,while the single PEG-modified nanoparticles rarely entered the cell.By live imaging techniques,folic acid-modified nanoparticles had a clear targeting character.While,the PEG-modified chitosan nanoparticles enhanced circulation time in the bloodstream of mice.CONCLUSION By the method of ion-induced combined with chemical crosslinking,steady chitosan nanoparticles with controlable size were obtained and suitable for active targeting drug delivery.国家重大基础研究计划项目(973项目)资助(2006CB933300);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20093009

siRNA的化学修饰和临床应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是目前分析基因组功能及基因治疗的一个有力工具,引起基因沉默现象的小干扰RNA(siRNA)需要经过适当的化学修饰才能应用于体内。该文总结了既能稳定siRNA双链,又能有效抑制靶基因的几种常用化学修饰法,包括磷酸骨架修饰、核糖修饰和碱基修饰等。正确的修饰将会极大地促进RNAi药物从体外到体内、从实验室到临床应用的转化。siRNA作为一种很有潜力的药物将为治疗病毒性疾病、肿瘤和遗传病开辟一条崭新的道路。厦门大学引进人才基金资

新型亲和膜的制备及其吸附胆红素的性能研究

以尼龙膜为基膜,采用甲醛活化法偶联壳聚糖制备尼龙-壳聚糖复合膜;再用1,4-二羟基正丁烷双缩水甘油醚对其进行活化并固载聚赖氨酸作为配基,制备亲和膜。膜上壳聚糖和聚赖氨酸的含量分别为112.4和92.3mg/g尼龙膜。通过静态和动态实验测定了胆红素在膜上的吸附性能,结果表明,胆红素在膜上的吸附平衡符合Freundlich方程;在较高的温度、较低的离子强度下胆红素的去除效果较好;在动态操作条件下容易达到吸附平衡,并对结合胆红素具有较好的清除效果

化疗药缓释制剂局部治疗肝癌的研究进展

本文综述了近年来应用抗癌药缓释剂对肝癌局部化疗的实验室及临床研究进展;并借鉴了其他实体肿瘤的研究成果,提出植入式缓释剂置入肝癌局部行间质化疗的新型给药途径

Cytotoxic effects and the mechanism of three types of magnetic nanoparticles on human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells

The evaluation of the toxicity of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) has attracted much attention in recent years. The current study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Fe3O4, oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 (OA-Fe3O4), and carbon-coated Fe (C-Fe) nanoparticles on human hepatoma BEL-7402 cells and the mechanisms. WST-1 assay demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of three types of MNPs was in a dose-dependent manner. G1 (Fe3O4 and OA-Fe3O4) phase and G2 (C-Fe) phase cell arrests and apoptosis induced by MNPs were detected by flow cytometry analysis. The increase in apoptosis was accompanied with the Bax over-expression, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, and the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria into cytosol. Moreover, apoptosis was further confirmed by morphological and biochemical hallmarks, such as swollen mitochondria with lysing cristae and caspase-3 activation. Our results revealed that certain concentrations of the three types of MNPs affect BEL-7402 cells viability via cell arrest and inducing apoptosis, and the MNPs-induced apoptosis is mediated through the mitochondrial-dependent pathway. The influence potency of MNPs observed in all experiments would be: C-Fe > Fe3O4 > OA-Fe3O4