Climate Adaptation Resource Guide for Casco Bay Communities

Adaptation planning allows communities to anticipate climate risks and minimize vulnerabilities, potentially reducing long-term costs and socio-cultural disruptions while strengthening ecological and community resilience. The following resources and organizations can support Casco Bay watershed communities in their efforts to anticipate and plan for the far-reaching impacts of climate change

Extratos de própolis no controle da mancha bacteriana (Xanthomonas gardneri) e da pinta bacteriana (Pseudomonas syringae) em tomateiro

TCC (graduação) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Curso de Agronomia.O tomate é uma das hortaliças de maior importância no Brasil e no mundo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação in vitro e in vivo do efeito da própolis de diferentes fontes contra os patógenos Xanthomonas gardneri e Pseudomonas syringae, bactérias causadoras da mancha e da pinta bacteriana na cultura do tomate. As amostras de própolis foram provenientes de Rancho Queimado/SC (RQ) e São Joaquim/SC, coletadas no verão (SJV) ou inverno (SJI). Para verificar o efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos de própolis sobre as bactérias, realizaram-se testes de incorporação em meio de cultura, de difusão em ágar com papel antibiograma e de formação de biofilme bacteriano em microplaca. Em tomateiros, testou-se o efeito do intervalo de tempo (4 dias, 2 dias ou 2 horas) entre tratamento com própolis RQ (2,0 mg.ml-1) e inoculação de X. gardneri ou de P. syringae em plantas da variedade Kada e Santa Clara, respectivamente. Por fim, foi avaliado o efeito de própolis RQ (0; 0,5 e 3,0 mg.ml-1) em explantes de ápices caulinares de tomateiros Kada inoculados com X. gardneri e de explantes da variedade Santa Clara inoculados com P. syringae. Nos testes de incorporação, todas as fontes de própolis e em todas as concentrações (0,1; 0,5 e 1,0 mg.ml-1) foram capazes de inibir o crescimento de X. gardneri, mas para P. syringae apenas as doses mais elevadas (0,5 e 1,0 mg.ml-1) se mostraram eficientes. No teste de difusão em ágar, as três fontes de própolis não apresentaram halos de inibição contra X. gardneri e P. syringae que se comparassem ao do bactericida. Observou-se efeito de dose da própolis RQ sobre X. gardneri, apresentando mais de 99% de inibição da formação do biofilme bacteriano nas maiores doses testadas (1,5 e 3,0 mg.ml-1). Para P. syringae, a inibição foi de 67,8%, menos evidente que para X. gardneri. Em plantas, não foi observado efeito do extrato de própolis RQ (2,0 mg.ml-1) sobre a severidade das bacterioses, independente do intervalo de tempo entre aplicação e inoculação. Em explantes de tomate da variedade Kada, as doses 0,5 e 3,0 mg.ml-1 de própolis RQ reduziram a mancha bacteriana em 37 e 47%. O controle da pinta bacteriana, usando essas mesmas doses, foi de 69 e 75% em explantes de Santa Clara, respectivamente. Com isso, conclui-se que a própolis tem potencial para o controle da mancha e da pinta bacteriana em tomateiros.The tomato is an important crop in Brazil and worldwide. This study had as objective to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effect of propolis from different sources against pathogens Xanthomonas gardneri and Pseudomonas syringae, bacteria that cause bacterial spot and speck in tomato crop. The propolis samples were from Rancho Queimado/SC (RQ) and São Joaquim/SC, collected in summer (SJV) or winter (SJI). Tests of incorporation in culture medium, agar diffusion method employing filter paper discs and bacterial biofilm formation in microplate were conducted to verify the antimicrobial effect of propolis extracts on the bacteria. In tomato plants, we tested the effect of time interval (4 days, 2 days, or 2 hours) between treatment with RQ propolis (2,0 mg.ml-1) and inoculation with X. gardneri or P. syringae in plants of variety Kada and Santa Clara, respectively. Finally, we evaluated the effect of RQ propolis (0; 0,5 and 3,0 mg.ml-1) in tomato shoot explants of Kada variety inoculated with X. gardneri and explants of Santa Clara variety inoculated with P. syringae. Incorporation tests results demonstrated that all sources of propolis and at all concentrations (0,1; 0,5 e 1,0 mg.ml-1) were able to inhibit X. gardneri the growth, but only higher doses (0,5 and 1,0 mg.ml-1) were efficient against P. syringae. In agar diffusion test the three sources of propolis showed no inhibition halo against X. gardneri and P. syringae which compared the bactericidal. Was observed dose effect of RQ propolis on X. gardneri. Presenting more than 99% inhibition the level of bacterial biofilm formation on the higher doses tested (1,5 e 3,0 mg.ml-1). For P. syringae, inhibition was 67,8%, less evident than for X. gardneri. In plants, there wasn’t effect of RQ propolis extract (2,0 mg.ml-1) on the severity of bacterial diseases, regardless of time interval between application and inoculation. In tomato explants of Kada variety, RQ propolis at 0,5 and 3,0 mg.ml-1 reduced the number of lesions of bacterial spot in 37 and 47%. The control of bacterial speck using those same doses was 69 and 75% in explants of Santa Clara, respectively. Thus, it’s concluded that propolis has potential to control of bacterial spot and speck on tomato plants

Percepção de estudantes de medicina da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina sobre o ensino-aprendizagem da relação médico-paciente antes e depois da reforma curricular

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Curso de Medicina. Departamento de Pediatria

Climate Trends in the Casco Bay Region

The Casco Bay region is vulnerable to all seven of the climate stressors identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA): warmer summers; warmer winters; warmer waters; increased drought; increased storminess (evident in higher total precipitation, frequency and intensity); sea-level rise; and ocean acidification (US EPA 2014). These climate stressors do not operate in isolation. Compounding their impacts are factors such as population growth, habitat fragmentation and destruction, and resource depletion that can further tax ecosystems and species. This document summarizes current scientific evidence of these trends within Maine and, where possible, within the Casco Bay watershed (which coincides closely with geographical boundary of Cumberland County)

Investigating Subtitling Strategies for the Translation of Wordplay in Wallace and Gromit - An Audience Reception Study

This thesis constitutes an experimental, receptor-oriented study which investigates the reception of two different strategies for subtitling English wordplay into German. Two translations of the animated short film Wallace and Gromit in A Matter of Loaf and Death are screened for test audiences, whose reaction is then recorded in a questionnaire. The existing translation, which was broadcast on German television and published on DVD, follows an approach based on formal equivalence and therefore rarely diverges from the original dialogue at word level, but equally sacrifices parts of the extensive humorous content inherent the text. This is contrasted by a specifically produced alternative translation which prioritises equivalence of effect, the transfer of linguistic humour at the cost of formal similarity. The research project also explores the influence of source language comprehension on the reception of both versions, as it is assumed that a formally different subtitle text could be interpreted as "incorrect" by members of the audience with knowledge of English. In light of the fact that English as a second language is spoken by a growing number of people in the German language community, the effect of this development on the viewers' requirements for audiovisual translation strategies and modes of linguistic transfer are considered relevant for the field. Furthermore, the reception of subtitling by a German audience is investigated in this context

Turning to earth: Paths to an ecological practice

In highly developed countries like the United States, conventional approaches to environmental change emphasize systemic measures such as policies and regulations. Yet many intractable environmental problems appear to be rooted in the perspectives and practices of individual citizens. Efforts to restore \u27outer ecology\u27 may depend, therefore, on transforming \u27inner ecology\u27--the constellation of spiritual and moral values that guide action. This dissertation examines the inner dimensions of ecological change, demonstrating how individuals redefine their relation to earth through a process of \u27ecological conversion.\u27. In assessing the dynamics of conversion, this work relies primarily on the testimony of six 20th-century American writers: Edward Abbey, Rachel Carson, N. Scott Momaday, Scott Russell Sanders, Alice Walker and Terry Tempest Williams. An interpretive analysis of their autobiographical works illustrates key catalysts and characteristics of the conversion process. Ancillary research in ecological philosophy, religious studies and ecopsychology informs the hermeneutical analysis of their narratives. Through this interdisciplinary study, significant commonalities in their spiritual and ethical transformations emerge. Six thematic chapters discuss the recurrent patterns evident in their life narratives: remembrance (formative childhood influences); reflection (introspective periods); revelation (epiphanic insights); reciprocity (ecological interdependence); resistance (public testimony); and re-storying (narrative and ritual arts). Collectively these elements constitute an exploratory model of ecological conversion (in the context of contemporary Western culture). Through the conversion process, individuals cultivate an ecological practice--a deliberate and sustained set of actions intended to reinforce their responsible participation in the natural world. This practice represents a spiritual discipline, a mindful effort to renew and deepen connections with the greater whole. Each practice reflects a convert\u27s particular worldview and circumstances, as well as shared values and visions. This work describes parallels evident in the ecological practice of selected writers. While the findings are preliminary and based on a small sample, they reveal dynamics of \u27inner ecology\u27 that could prove significant in efforts to transform environmental attitudes and actions in American culture

Methods for improved kinematic measurements of the lower extremities

An understanding of knee dynamics is vital to treat neurological and musculoskeletal conditions that affect the lower extremities and achieve peak performance from athletes. To obtain and analyze kinematics and kinetics of the knee, clinicians and athletic trainers require accurate, accessible measurement devices. To assess the functionality of one such device, the Mizzou Knee Arthrometer Testing System (MKATS), dynamic motion studies were carried out on healthy, ACL deficient, and patellofemoral pain populations. To assess the validity of the MKATS, the device output was compared to data collected using a SimVitro robotic manipulator. Through this process, discussions with clinicians, technicians, and participants resulted in modifications to both the software and hardware of the device to improve fit and usability. The following thesis summarizes the findings of the dynamic and cadaver motion studies, and the modifications to the device. We found decreased flexion and internal rotation at specific points (p [less than] 0.05) of the cycle for all dynamic activities for both clinical groups compared to the healthy control group. Due to unperceived amounts of skin artifact and joint laxity, the results of the cadaver study were inconclusive. The MKATS was able to accurately detect kinematic differences in the live study groups and has promise as a useful tool for orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists, and athletic trainers to screen for abnormal dynamics and track treatment success. Further studies utilizing computed tomography on live participants will be needed to further validate the MKATS. The development of such devices is crucial to improve the quality of advice from healthcare and athletic performance specialists.Includes bibliographical references

Rethinking reactive halogen budgets in the midlatitude lower stratosphere

Current stratospheric models have difficulties in fully explaining the observed midlatitude ozone depletion in the lowermost stratosphere, particularly near the tropopause. Such models assume that only long-lived source gases provide significant contributions to the stratospheric halogen budget, while all the short-lived compounds are removed in the troposphere, the products being rained out. Here we show this assumption to be flawed. Using bromine species as an example, we show that in the lowermost stratosphere, where the observed midlatitude ozone trend maximizes, bromoform (CHBr3) alone likely contributes more inorganic bromine than all the conventional long-lived sources (halons and methyl bromide) combined. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union

Effect of local and regional sources on the isotopic composition of nitrous oxide in the tropical free troposphere and tropopause layer

Measurements and models of the spatiotemporal variability of surface N 2O mixing ratios and isotopic compositions are increasingly used to constrain the global N2O budget. However, large variability observed on the small spatial scales of soil chambers and shipboard sampling, which appears to be very sensitive to local environmental conditions, has made extrapolation to the global scale difficult. In this study, we present measurements of the isotopic composition of N2O (δ 15Nbulk, δ15N, δ15N, and δ18O) from whole-air samples collected at altitudes of 0.5 to 19km by the NASA DC-8 and WB-57 aircraft during the Costa Rica-Aura Validation Experiment (CR-AVE) and the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4) campaigns in January-February 2006 and July-August 2007, respectively. The vertical profiles of isotopic composition showed predictable, repeating patterns consistent with the influence of a surface source at lower altitudes and the influence of stratospheric photochemistry in the lower stratosphere. Their correlations with marine tracers at lower altitudes are consistent with a predominantly oceanic source, although a soil source cannot be ruled out. Measurements in a combustion plume revealed a strong depletion in 15N at the central nitrogen atom (i.e., low δ15N values), providing new information on N2O isotopic compositions from combustion. This new data set demonstrates that a coherent picture of the isotopic composition of tropospheric N2O is possible at currently attainable precisions and that its variations from 0.5 km to the lower stratosphere are a useful tool in investigating the sources and distributions of this important greenhouse gas. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union