183 research outputs found
DESIGNING FOR INSTRUMENT-MEDIATED ACTIVITY
The need to design information processing systems based on an anthropocentric approach, i.e., one where the design of technical objects deliberately draws from and is geared to the userâs activity, is a critical issue in the modernization of life and work environments. Within this framework, we propose a developmental approach to instruments in which they are not just understood as fabricated material objects but are also psychological and social entities. We present a model and propose ways of approaching the design of information processing systems
CARTE: An Observation Station to Regulate Activity in a Learning Context
This chapter discusses the introduction of a new concept called "regulation" into a use model, which is part of a theoretical observation model called trace-based system (TBS). This concept defines a retroaction mechanism in an observation station. We present the results of experiments, in a learning context, with a prototype observation station called Collection, activity Analysis and Regulation based on Traces Enriched (CARTE)
Pouvoir dâagir et capacitĂ©s dâagir : une perspective mĂ©thodologique ?
Cet article prĂ©sente une perspective mĂ©thodologique dâapprĂ©ciation des capacitĂ©s et pouvoir dâagir des diffĂ©rents acteurs de lâentreprise dans le champ de la santĂ©, sĂ©curitĂ© et conditions de travail. Lâinnovation que nous proposons rĂ©side dans lâĂ©laboration du « Questionnement du Pouvoir dâAgir » (QPA). Cet outil sâest construit Ă partir dâun questionnaire quĂ©bĂ©cois, mesurant le pouvoir dâagir sur diffĂ©rentes dimensions, et le dĂ©veloppement dâun questionnement visant Ă analyser qualitativement les capacitĂ©s et le pouvoir dâagir des acteurs. La relation entre les catĂ©gories prĂ©constituĂ©es du questionnaire originel et les catĂ©gories en matiĂšre de capacitĂ©s dâagir et de pouvoir dâagir est questionnĂ©e. Nos analyses croisĂ©es montrent des liaisons, mais les catĂ©gories, issues de deux cadres thĂ©oriques distincts, ne sont pas superposables. Avant de conclure, nous discutons des perspectives dâusage du QPA, Ă la fois en tant que support dâentretien et outil dâanalyse, de ses intĂ©rĂȘts et de ses limites.This paper presents a methodological framework for assessing the capacity and power to act of different agents within an organization, in terms of health, safety and working conditions. The innovation we propose is the development of an assessment instrument, âQuestioning the Power to Actâ (QPA), a tool based on a questionnaire from Quebec, designed to measure the power to act in different areas and use questioning techniques to make a qualitative analysis of the capacity and power to act of the agents involved. The preparatory research raised some questions as to the relationship between the pre-established categories of the original questionnaire and the categories the QPA instrument would propose for assessing individualsâ capacity and power to act. Our analysis showed cross links, but the categories remain based on two distinct theoretical frameworks and are not identical. Before concluding, we discuss the potential advantages to be gained from use of the QPA as an interview support and time analysis tool, its interest and its limits.Este artĂculo presenta una perspectiva metodolĂłgica de apreciaciĂłn de las capacidades y del poder de actuar de diferentes actores de la empresa en el campo de la salud, la seguridad y las condiciones de trabajo. La innovaciĂłn que proponemos se basa en la elaboraciĂłn de un cuestionamiento del poder de actuar (QPA). Esta herramienta se ha construido sobre la base de un cuestionario de Quebec que mide el poder de actuar en diferentes dimensiones y el desarrollo de un cuestionamiento que apunta a analizar cualitativamente la capacidad y el poder de actuar de los actores. Se cuestiona la relaciĂłn entre las categorĂas preestablecida en el cuestionario original y las nuevas categorĂas propuestas en tĂ©rminos de capacidad y poder de actuar. Los anĂĄlisis cruzados muestran las asociaciones, pero las categorĂas que emergen de dos marcos teĂłricos distintos, no son superponibles. Antes de concluir, se discuten las perspectivas de utilizaciĂłn del QPA como herramienta de apoyo en entrevistas y de anĂĄlisis, su interĂ©s y sus lĂmites
Les instruments transitionnels : une proposition pour étudier la diachronie des activités narratives
Cet article prĂ©sente les activitĂ©s narratives de deux expĂ©diteurs polaires. Nous adoptons une unitĂ© dâanalyse diachronique qui englobe la constitution du recueil lors du voyage ainsi que lâĂ©laboration du rĂ©cit aprĂšs le voyage. Dans cette optique, nous articulons thĂ©oriquement et mĂ©thodologiquement lâapproche instrumentale et le cours dâaction. Nous proposons le concept dâinstrument transitionnel pour dĂ©signer ce qui transite au sein de ces activitĂ©s narratives discontinues. Lors du voyage, les narrateurs opĂšrent une mise Ă distance de lâexpĂ©rience grĂące aux activitĂ©s de recueil instrumentĂ©es (prises de notes, de photographies). Câest Ă ce moment lĂ quâils constituent leurs instruments transitionnels. AprĂšs le voyage, les narrateurs se rĂ©-imprĂšgnent de lâexpĂ©rience de voyage grĂące Ă lâĂ©talage des Ă©lĂ©ments recueillis (croquis, cartes, Ă©crits..). Ils Ă©laborent le rĂ©cit en assemblant les instruments transitionnels. Pour finir, nous discutons des apports de la diachronie pour mieux Ă©tudier et outiller les activitĂ©s crĂ©atives.This paper presents the narrative activity of two polar explorers. We have adopted a unit of diachronic analysis that encompasses the collection procedure during the journey, as well as the drafting of the story afterwards. With this in mind, we focus on two theoretical frameworks : the instrumental approach and the course of action. We suggest using the concept of "transitional instrument" to identify what is occurring within these discontinuous narrative activities. During the journey, the narrators work with various instruments (e.g. photographs, notes) as a way of distancing themselves from the experience. At this stage they create their own transitional instruments. After the journey, the narrators are once again immersed in the travel experience through a display of the items collected, such as sketches, notes and maps. They compose the story by assembling the transitional instruments. We will conclude with a discussion of how diachronicity contributes to a better understanding of creative activities and the related tools
IDR : a participatory methodology for interdisciplinary design in technology enhanced learning
One of the important themes that emerged from the CALâ07 conference was the failure of technology to bring about the expected disruptive effect to learning and teaching. We identify one of the causes as an inherent weakness in prevalent development methodologies. While the problem of designing technology for learning is irreducibly multi-dimensional, design processes often lack true interdisciplinarity. To address this problem we present IDR, a participatory methodology for interdisciplinary techno-pedagogical design, drawing on the design patterns tradition (Alexander, Silverstein & Ishikawa, 1977) and the design research paradigm (DiSessa & Cobb, 2004). We discuss the iterative development and use of our methodology by a pan-European project team of educational researchers, software developers and teachers. We reflect on our experiences of the participatory nature of pattern design and discuss how, as a distributed team, we developed a set of over 120 design patterns, created using our freely available open source web toolkit. Furthermore, we detail how our methodology is applicable to the wider community through a workshop model, which has been run and iteratively refined at five major international conferences, involving over 200 participants
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