The human ARF tumor suppressor senses blastema activity and suppresses epimorphic tissue regeneration.

The control of proliferation and differentiation by tumor suppressor genes suggests that evolution of divergent tumor suppressor repertoires could influence species regenerative capacity. To directly test that premise, we humanized the zebrafish p53 pathway by introducing regulatory and coding sequences of the human tumor suppressor ARF into the zebrafish genome. ARF was dormant during development, in uninjured adult fins, and during wound healing, but was highly expressed in the blastema during epimorphic fin regeneration after amputation. Regenerative, but not developmental signals resulted in binding of zebrafish E2f to the human ARF promoter and activated conserved ARF-dependent Tp53 functions. The context-dependent activation of ARF did not affect growth and development but inhibited regeneration, an unexpected distinct tumor suppressor response to regenerative versus developmental environments. The antagonistic pleiotropic characteristics of ARF as both tumor and regeneration suppressor imply that inducing epimorphic regeneration clinically would require modulation of ARF -p53 axis activation

Magnetic fluctuation and cosmic ray diurnal variations

A unified theory of cosmic ray diurnal variations has been proposed in which the first 3 harmonics of the cosmic ray daily variation all results from a single anisotropy produced by the combined effects of adiabatic focusing and anisotropic pitch angle scattering. The theoretical description of steady state cosmic ray anisotropies are simplified and improved. Preliminary results of a study of correlations between cosmic ray diurnal variations and the fluctuation characteristics of the interplanetary magnetic field are presented and discussed in light of the theory

Dave Kindred

Interview of Dave Kindred, National Hall of Fame sportswriter and IWU Class of 1963, by journalist, New York Times best-selling author and Stanford lecturer Gary Pomerantz. Filmed by Beyond Pix Studios with sound by Outpost Studios on June 19, 2019. The Kindred Collection mentioned in this interview is housed in Tate Archives & Special Collections, The Ames Library, Illinois Wesleyan University. Its description is available at iwu.libraryhost.com/repositories/3/resources/1

Offering a candidate answer: An information seeking strategy

Interactants use a variety of strategies to seek information from one another. One strategy involves incorporating a Candidate Answer in a query. In using this strategy, a speaker provides a model of the type of answer that would satisfy his/her purpose-for-asking. Supplying a model is useful when a speaker wants to guide, direct, or assist a respondent in providing particular information. In offering a Candidate Answer, a speaker can display having knowledge and familiarity of a circumstance. A Candidate Answer can be read as revealing the speaker\u27s attitude toward, and expectations of, relevant others