Getting respected despite our differences: (re-)establishing positive relations through a respectful treatment

Can respect help to re-establish social relations within and between groups- also in situations of intergroup conflict? In the present lines of research, I propose respect to be of fundamental importance for social cohesion within and between groups. I conceive of respect as recognition as an equal (Honneth, 1995, Simon, 2007) and develop an integrative conceptualization and measurement in order to examine its role for intergroup reconciliation (Chapter 2 and 4). I present two studies examining the distinct influence of respect and disrespect as compared to a neutral condition at first within groups and then between groups (Chapter 3). Within groups, a respectful treatment seems equivalent to a neutral treatment and both increased group identification, group-serving motivation, and category salience equivalently when compared to a disrespectful treatment. As opposed, a respectful treatment between groups decreased category salience compared to disrespectful treatment and may benefit to overcome intergroup boundaries. In the context of intergroup conflict, I present five studies (Chapter 5-7) examining the role of respect on the willingness to reconcile between victims and perpetrators (Shnabel & Nadler, 2008). Here, I focused on how the willingness to reconcile is affected by a respectful message in addition to needs-based messages, or alone. Results revealed that respect had a consistent effect on the willingness to reconcile of victims, in addition to the needs-based message. More importantly perceived respect was the central mediating process between manipulated respect and the willingness to reconcile for victims and perpetrators. I discuss theoretical and practical implications of respect for relations within and between groups as well as methodological limitations and challenges in the experimental study of respect (Chapter 8)

IGF-I receptor phosphorylation is impaired in cathepsin X-deficient prostate cancer cells

The cysteine-type peptidase cathepsin X is highly upregulated in several cancers and presumably promotes tumor invasion through bypassing cellular senescence. Here, we present first evidence that the underlying mechanism may involve the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, a well-known activator of proliferating tumor cells. Cathepsin X deficiency leads to a reduced phosphorylation of the IGF-I receptor in response to IGF-I stimulation. In addition, downstream signaling through focal adhesion kinase was also affected. Taken together, our results indicate that cathepsin X is able to assist in IGF signaling, which may be an important progress toward understanding cathepsin X-dependent tumorigenesis

Björn Kraus: Relationaler Konstruktivismus - Relationale Soziale Arbeit. Von der systemisch-konstruktivistischen Lebensweltorientierung zu einer Relationalen Theorie Sozialer Arbeit. Weinheim/Basel: Beltz Juventa 2019 (214 S.) [Rezension]

Rezension von: Björn Kraus: Relationaler Konstruktivismus - Relationale Soziale Arbeit. Von der systemisch-konstruktivistischen Lebensweltorientierung zu einer Relationalen Theorie Sozialer Arbeit. Weinheim/Basel: Beltz Juventa 2019 (214 S.; ISBN 978-3-7799-3949-8; 29,95 EUR)

Proposal for International Agreement on Ca Notation resulting from discussion at workshops on stable isotope measurement held in Davos (Goldschmidt 2002) and Nice (EGS-AGU-EUG 2003)

A proposal is made to standardise the reporting of Ca isotope data to the δ44Ca/40Ca notation (or δ44Ca/42Ca) and to adopt NIST SRM 915a as the reference standard

Calcium isotopic composition of high-latitude proxy carrier Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.)

International audienceThe accurate reconstruction of sea surface temperature (SST) history in climate-sensitive regions (e.g. tropical and polar oceans) became a challenging task in palaeoceanographic research. However, biogenic shell carbonate SST proxies successfully developed for tropical regions often fail in cool water environments. Their major regional shortcomings and the cryptic diversity now found within the major high latitude proxy carrier Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin.) highlight an urgent need to develop complementary SST proxies for these cool water regions. Here we incorporate the genetic component into a calibration study of a new SST proxy for the high latitudes. We found that the calcium isotopic composition (?44/40Ca) of calcite from genotyped net catches and core-top samples of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sin) is strongly related to temperature and unaffected by genetic variations. The temperature sensitivity has been found to be 0.17 (±0.04)? per 1°C highlighting its potential for downcore applications in open marine cool-water environments. Our results further indicate that however in extreme polar environments, below a critical threshold temperature of 2.0 (±0.5)°C and salinity of 33.0 (±0.5)? a prominent shift in biomineralization affect the Ca isotope composition of N. pachyderma (sin.) becoming insensitive to temperature. These findings highlight the need of systematic calibration studies to unravel the influencing factors on Ca isotope fractionation and to validate the proxies' applicability

Temporary inhibition of papain by hairpin loop mutants of chicken cystatin Distorted binding of the loops results in cleavage of the Gly9-Ala10 bond

AbstractTemporary inhibition of the cysteine proteinases papain and cathepsin L was observed with several hairpin loop mutants of recombinant chicken cystatin at enzyme concentrations above nanomolar. Kinetic modelling of inhibition data, gel electrophoresis and amino acid sequencing revealed that reappearance of papain activity is due to selective cleavage of the Gly9-Ala10 bond in the N-terminal binding area of the chicken cystatin variants, resulting in truncated inhibitors of lower affinity. Cleavage of the same bond by contaminating papaya proteinase IV was ruled out by previous purification of papain and suitable control experiments. According to the proposed kinetic model, cleavage occurs within the enzyme-inhibitor complex with first order rate constants ktemp of 2.3 × 10−3 up to 5 × 10−1 s−1. A similar ktempKm ratio was found for all mutants (0.7 × 106–2.1 × 106 s−1·M−1); it is almost identical with the kcatKm ratio of the peptide substrate Z-Phe-Arg-NHMec. These results suggest that distorted contacts of one of the hairpin loops affect binding of the N-terminal contact area in a way that covalent interaction of the Gly9-Ala10 bond with the active-site Cys residue of papain can occur and the bond is cleaved in a substrate-like manner

Determination of molybdenum isotope fractionation by double-spike multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

18961896-1896.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RhoneAlp

Ultra-trace element characterization of the central Ottawa River basin using a rapid, flexible, and low-volume ICP-MS method

Ultra-trace (<1 ng g-1) rare earth elements and yttrium (REE+Y) and high field strength element (HFSE) geochemistry of freshwater can constrain element sources, aqueous processes in hydrologic catchments, and the signature of dissolved terrestrial fluxes to the oceans. This study details an adapted method capable of quantifying ≥38 elements (including all REE+Y, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Mo, W, Th, U) with minimal sample preparation in natural water aliquots as low as ≤2 mL. The method precision and accuracy are demonstrated using measurement of the National Research Council – Conseil national de recherches Canada (NRC-CNRC) river water certified reference material (CRM) SLRS-6 sampled from the Ottawa River (OR). Data from SLRS CRM are compared to those of new, filtered (HREE-enriched REE+Y patterns, small natural positive Y and Gd anomalies, and negative Eu and Ce anomalies. These REE+Y features are coherent downstream in the OR apart from amplification of Eu and Ce anomalies during REE removal/dilution. The OR samples capture a downstream decrease in sparingly soluble HFSE (Th, Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf), presumably related to their colloid-particulate removal from the dissolved load, accompanied by crustal Zr/Hf (32.5 ± 5.1) and supercrustal Nb/Ta (25.1 ± 7.7) ratios. Subcrustal Th/U (0.17-0.96) and supercrustal Mo/W (12.0-74.5) ratios in all ORB waters indicate preferential release and aqueous solubility of U>Th and Mo>W, with the latter attributed primarily to preferential W adsorption on soil or upstream aquatic (oxy)(hydr)oxide surfaces