Kesediaan bakal guru DPLI terhadap kursus elektromekanikal untuk mengajar di sekolah menengah: kajian di UTHM

Perkembangan pendidikan begitu pesat, mencabar dan canggih, memerlukan perhatian serius dalam kalangan guru. Maka tugas sebagai bakal guru di Malaysia kini kian mencabar. Oleh yang demikian kajian ini dijalankan khusus untuk mengenal pasti kesediaan bakal guru DPLI terhadap kursus elektromekanikal untuk mengajar kursus kemahiran Teknikal di sekolah menengah. Ini adalah kerana keseluruhan bakal guru DPLI dalam kumpulan ini mempunyai latar belakang pendidikan yang pelbagai iaitu bidang kimia, fizik, dan biologi yang tidak berkaitan dalam bidang teknikal. Kajian ini melibatkan 145 orang yang dipilih secara rawak daripada jumlah populasi seramai 245 orang guru DPLI. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah boring soal selidik. Data dianalisis menggunakan Statistical Package For Social Science (SPSS) dan dipersembahkan dalam kekerapan dan peratusan. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa kebanyakan guru bersedia untuk mengajar subjek elektro mekanikal di sekolah dari aspek pengetahuan, kemahiran dan sikap. Hubungan di antara ketiga-tiga aspek kesediaan adalah berkorelasi secara sederhana iaitu p< 0, r=0.943 dan tidak terdapat perbezaan signifikan antara lelaki dan perempuan dari aspek pengetahuan, kemahiran dan sikap

Ammonia based sanitation technology

Water-borne sanitation of toilet waste is not a viable option for the estimated 2.6 billion people that lack improved sanitation throughout the world. In Environmental Systems Analysis, source separating sewage systems have proven to be of interest, since both energy and nutrients are saved compared with conventional systems. As the urine and faecal matter contribute with the majority of nutrients to wastewater but constitute a small part of the volume, these fractions are suitable for nutrient recycling to agriculture. The potential content of pathogenic (disease causing) microorganisms makes it a necessity to sanitise the material before use as a fertiliser, especially as many pathogens are zoonotic, infecting both man and animal. The main objective of this study was to evaluate ammonia based sanitation technology for source separated urine and faeces aiming for production of safe fertilisers. To achieve this objective, the inactivation kinetics of several groups of organisms was investigated in relation to concentration of free ammonia, NH3, temperature and dry matter content. Inactivation of Ascaris suum eggs, Salmonella spp. Enterococcus spp., S. Typhimurium phage 28B, an f-specific RNA phage MS2 and a coliphage ΦX 174 was monitored in spiked human urine and faeces. Storage of urine diluted 1:0, 1:1 and 1:3 with water was studied at 4, 14, 24, and 34°C. Faecal material, source separated dry, was treated with urea at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2% at 14, 24, and 34°C. Faecal material with ash amendments was studied at 24 and 34°C, separately and with supplementary addition of 1% urea. Temperature was found to be a key factor for the efficiency of the ammonia based sanitation, both through synergy and by affecting transformation of ammonia into NH3. At 34°C the NH3 concentrations in urine and faecal material resulted in short decimal reduction (D) values for microorganism concentrations, except for the bacteriophage 28B, which showed little inactivation in stored faecal material. At 24°C, treatments of both urine and faeces with NH3 concentrations of 50 mM and above gave significant reductions whereas at lower concentrations (urine 1:3 and storage of faecal matter) little inactivation of bacteriophage 28B and ascaris eggs was observed. This means that urine must be collected as concentrated as possible in order to contain sufficient ammonia to reduce pathogens by storage. Treatment with urea, a 2% addition resulted in stable pH and NH3 concentrations that resulted in fast Salmonella spp. inactivation even at 4°C and 14°C, and inactivation of ascaris and the bacteriophage at temperature 24°C and above. Coverage with ash and lime during collection can give an enhanced pathogen inactivation when later treated in closed containers. Accompanying urea treatment of faeces collected with ash is possible but with a high pH (>10) in the material urea will not be degraded and thus not contribute to inactivation

The Influence of Personality Type on Organizational Stress and Turnover Intention

Most of the previous researchers have identified the factors of organizational stress which apparently are common factors all around the world. Kebanyakan penyelidik terdahulu telah mengenal pasti faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan tekanan organisasi yang merupakan fenomena biasa di seluruh dunia

Immigrants' return to schooling in Sweden

The aim of this paper is to examine if the returns to immigrants’ schooling are lower than the returns to natives’ schooling. In addition the paper tries to establish whether immigrants who invest in different amounts of Swedish education also differ in their returns to schooling. The results show that the difference in returns to schooling between immigrants and natives is generally quite small. Moreover, the returns to schooling are considerably higher for immigrants who arrived in Sweden during compulsory school age than for immigrants who arrived in Sweden after compulsory school age. Moreover, immigrants who complete their schooling in Sweden have, in general, much higher returns than immigrants with only foreign schooling.Immigrants; return to schooling; incomes

Walking Humanoids for Robotics Research

We present three humanoid robots aimed as platforms for research in robotics, and cognitive development in robotics systems. The 'priscilla' robot is a 180cm full scale humanoid, and the mid-size prototype is called 'elvis' and is about 70cm tall. The smallest size humanoid is the 'elvina' type, about 28 cm tall. Two instances of 'elvina' have been built to enable experiments with cooperating humanoids. The underlying ideas and conceptual principles, such as anthropomorphism, embodiment, and mechanisms for learning and adaptivity are introduced as well

Algorithms and Speech

One of the central questions in free speech jurisprudence is what activities the First Amendment encompasses. This Article considers that question in the context of an area of increasing importance – algorithm-based decisions. I begin by looking to broadly accepted legal sources, which for the First Amendment means primarily Supreme Court jurisprudence. That jurisprudence provides for very broad First Amendment coverage, and the Court has reinforced that breadth in recent cases. Under the Court’s jurisprudence the First Amendment (and the heightened scrutiny it entails) would apply to many algorithm-based decisions, specifically those entailing substantive communications. We could of course adopt a limiting conception of the First Amendment, but any nonarbitrary exclusion of algorithm-based decisions would require major changes in the Court’s jurisprudence. I believe that First Amendment coverage of algorithm-based decisions is too small a step to justify such changes. But insofar as we are concerned about the expansiveness of First Amendment coverage, we may want to limit it in two areas of genuine uncertainty: editorial decisions that are neither obvious nor communicated to the reader, and laws that single out speakers but do not regulate their speech. Even with those limitations, however, an enormous and growing amount of activity will be subject to heightened scrutiny absent a fundamental reorientation of First Amendment jurisprudence

Kajian kesesuaian cd rom interaktif yang dibina bagi menghasilkan bahan pengajaran teknik dan vokasional

Kemajuan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi masa kini telah banyak membawa perubahan dalam aktiviti manusia seharian terutamanya dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Selaras dengan itu kajian ini dijalankan untuk melihat kesesuaian CD ROM Interaktif yang dibina dalam membantu pelajar menghasilkan bahan pengajaran Teknik dan Vokasional. Aspek kajian ini meliputi rekabentuk antara muka dan interaksi, kefahaman projek, motivasi dan keselesaan pengguna. Metodologi kajian adalah berdasarkan kepada soal selidik yang telah diedarkan kepada 30 orang Pelajar Sarjana Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional Semester 01 sesi 2002/2003 KUiTTHO. Merujuk kepada analisis data, kajian mendapati CD ROM Interaktif yang dihasilkan oleh penyelidik adalah sesuai dan dapat membantu pelajar dalam menghasilkan bahan pengajaran Teknik dan Vokasional jika dirujuk dalam Jadual Lendell

Laws Relating to the Investment of Trust Funds, 1930–1937

Bostadsmarknaden är en av de största tillgångsmarknaderna i ett land varpå förändringar i bostadspriserna får långt gångna konsekvenser för det enskilda hushållet, det finansiella systemet och samhällsekonomin i stort. Flertalet tidigare studier har analyserat den svenska bostadsmarknaden utifrån ett storstadsperspektiv alternativt jämfört Sveriges bostadsmarknad mot andra länder. Vi har identifierat att studiet kring vad som bestämmer prisnivån på regionala bostadsmarknader i Sverige är tämligen oexploaterat varför avsikten med den här studien är att analysera bestämningsfaktorer till de svenska bostadspriserna på länsnivå. Sålunda är ett bidragande mål med denna studie att tillföra en bättre förståelse för dynamiken på den svenska bostadsmarknaden. I studien använder vi multipel regression där vi bearbetar paneldata med en Fixed Effect Model. Ett flertal förtester har gjorts för att få fram den mest tillförlitliga modellen i vilken vi skattat bostadspriserna utifrån teoretiskt belagda förklaringsvariabler. De slutsatser vi har dragit är att disponibel inkomst, befolkningstäthet och sysselsättningsgrad kan förklara bostadspriserna på länsnivå med en procents signifikansnivå. Skillnaden i bostadspriserna mellan länen har relativt sett ökat över tidsperioden för studien. Avslutningsvis diskuteras uppvisade avvikelser mellan de verkliga bostadspriserna och de skattade bostadspriserna vilka kan förklaras av att bostadsmarknaden är känslostyrd med inslag av spekulationer. The housing market is one of the greatest assets markets in a given country. Therefore, changes in housing prices have a big impact on the single household, the financial system and the economic system as a whole. Due to the housing markets vital role in the society, many scientific studies have been done with the purpose of enlighten and discover the dynamics of the Swedish housing market. The focuses in these earlier studies have more than often taken a metropolitan perspective or compared the Swedish housing market with other countries. However, this study divides the Swedish housing market into regional county level with the purpose of analyzing determinants of housing prices due to county specific variables. By analyzing the housing prices due to county specific factors a contributing goal with this study is to deepen the understanding about the dynamics in the Swedish housing market. In this study we have used multiple regressions in order to work with panel data. The Fixed Effect Model fitted our purpose well which is why that kind of model was used in order to estimate the housing prices for every single Swedish county. The conclusions drawn in this study are that disposable income, people density and employment rate are all statistically significant on one percent level in order to explain the housing price at state level. We have also discovered that, during the observed period, the relative differences in housing prices between the different states have increased. Finally, the differences found between the real housing prices and the estimated housing prices, can be explained by the assumption that the housing market is driven by emotions and speculations.