Rearranged Snowdrops: The Construction of Memory at the Abbaye d’Ardenne

The construction of memory regarding the Second World War is a field in Canaidan historiography that requires further exploration and research. The memorial at the Abbaye d’Ardenne in Normandy provides a case study that speaks to larger patterns of collective commemoration of the war by Canadians and the local population. Memories of war must be examined in the context of their construction. Several factors have given the Abbaye prominence among the many monuments to Canadian the many monuments to Canadian soldiers in Normandy. The monument itself, the physical space it occupies, the motives of those who create and sustain it, and the that has passed since the events all work in the development of the memory crated and how it is woven into the national narrative

Editor\u27s Note

As another year draws to a close, and another publishing cycle reaches completion, it is incumbent upon those of us here at the journal to recognize and thank several people

Commencement Remarks

Commencement address given by Martha McMackin Garland, Professor of History, to the Winter 1994 graduating class of The Ohio State University, St. John Arena, Columbus, Ohio, March 18, 1994

Using narrative picture books to build awareness of expository text structure

For many students, reading in the content areas presents quite a challenge. The transition from an emphasis on narrative texts in the lower grades to expository texts in the upper grades is not always easy. This article describes a system I use for introducing expository text structure through the use of narrative picture books. My goal is to develop an understanding of expository text structure with simple texts so that students will be able to transfer these understandings to more cognitively dense content area materials

Developing a culture for innovation: what is the role of the HR system?

Research on Human Resource Management and innovation has to date relied on a theoretical assumption that there exists an identifiable set of HR practices which organisations seeking to be innovative should adopt. However, analysis of the various prescriptions of HR practices for innovation reveals a high level of internal inconsistency, leading to conflicting advice for practitioners. Furthermore, a review of empirical research on the topic indicates that HR practices within innovative organisations are remarkably similar to those found in the best practice literature This raises questions about the link between strategy and HRM, and about the theoretical foundations of research on HRM and innovation. Drawing on recent research on HRM and firm performance, we suggest that research on HRM and innovation can benefit from incorporating elements from both contingency theory and best practice approaches into the existing configuration theory approach. A change in direction for both theoretical and empirical research on HRM and innovation is proposed. What type of HR system is most appropriate for a firm wishing to pursue a strategy of innovation? This question has attracted attention from researchers since the early 1980s. In fact, it can be argued that this stream of research predated by as much as a decade a much wider interest in the links between HRM and organisational performance which Guest (1997, p. 263) argues is now “the dominant research issue in the field (of HRM)”. Interest in the topic of innovation is also growing rapidly. Global dissemination of information via technology has ensured that competitive advantage based on a particular product or process is no longer sustainable. In the information age, sustainable competitive advantage belongs to those firms who continually reinvent themselves at a pace which is consistent with the rapid pace of change in the environment. The result is that the pressure on firms to innovate in order to survive is greater than ever before (see, for example, Tushman & O’ Reilly, 1997). These parallel developments in HRM research and the broader business environment ensure that both academic and practitioner interest in the topic of HR systems for innovation is likely to grow. The question of how research on this topic should proceed is therefore an important one, and is the subject of this paper

Characterizing Performance of a PEM Fuel Cell for a CMET Balloon

We present the design of a multi-cell, low temperature PEM fuel cell for controlled meteorological balloons. Critical system design parameters that distinguish this application are the lack of reactant humidification and cooling due to the low power production, high required power mass-density and relatively short flight durations. The cell is supplied with a pressure regulated and dead ended anode, and flow controlled cathode at variable air stoichiometry. The cell is not heated and allowed to operate with unregulated temperature. Our prototype cell was capable of achieving power densities of 43 mW/cm2/cell or 5.4 mW/g. The cell polarization performance of large format PEM fuel cell stacks is an order of magnitude greater than for miniature PEM fuel cells. These performance discrepancies are a result of cell design, system architecture, and reactant and thermal management, indicating that there are significant gains to be made in these domains. We then present design modifications intended to enable the miniature PEM fuel cell to achieve power densities of 13 mW/g, indicating that additional performance gains must be made with improvements in operating conditions targeting achievable power densities of standard PEM fuel cells

Investigating Inferences: Constructing Meaning From Expository Texts

Generating inferences during and after reading is a complex task; yet, one that is essential for complete understanding of texts. This report highlights the types of inferences four students in grades 2-5 drew while constructing meaning from expository passages. An analysis of their think alouds and recommendations for comprehension instruction are included

Designing a HR system: pitfalls, possibilities and performance

strands and themes as researchers wrestle with the issues that emerge and the questions that are raised by the various studies that have now been conducted. The problems and difficulties- both methodological and conceptual- that are intertwined within this debate have been well documented (Purcell, 1999; Legge, 2001) and many unresolved issues still remain. At the same time, while much more is now known about HRM and performance issues, 'there appears to be a major "disconnect " between what the research literature says that firms should do and what firms actually do ' (Becker and Gerhart, 1996:796). Becker and Gerhart argue that 'there needs to be better communication between the academic and management communities so that research findings can have a greater influence on actual policy'. They also suggest that 'more effort should be devoted to finding out what managers are thinking and why they make the decisions they do ' (p.796). One manager who is a key player in this debate is the HR manager who has a critical role in the design of the HR system and who may have to shoulder the blame if that system does not operate successfully4. While the HR manager generally inherits th

Vers une nouvelle voie de valorisation de la drêche de brasserie : étude de la solubilisation de la drêche pour la production de produits d'hygiène personnelle plus durables

RÉSUMÉ : Le nombre de microbrasseries au Québec a considérablement augmenté au cours des dernières années, augmentant de plus de 700 % de 2002 à 2020. En conséquence, une quantité de plus en plus importante de coproduits est générée. Notamment, la drêche de brasserie représente environ 85 % du total des coproduits, mais reste un résidu important et sous-évalué, sa principale utilisation actuelle étant comme composant de l'alimentation animale. D'ailleurs, la demande pour la drêche pour cette application est déjà inférieure à l'offre disponible et la distance entre les brasseries et les fermes d'élevage est un facteur limitant. Cette étude propose une nouvelle utilisation de la drêche comme matière première pour la production de microbilles biodégradables pour les produits d'hygiène personnelle. La méthodologie est inspirée d'un processus préexistant pour la production de microbilles à partir de solutions de 3 à 7 % massique en cellulose purifiée. Ce projet permet de réduire la teneur en cellulose purifiée à 2 % massique, obtenant plutôt la matière solide requise directement à partir de la matrice lignocellulosique de la drêche. La nature composite des billes résultantes leur confère de meilleures propriétés mécaniques, permettant leur utilisation comme particules exfoliantes dans les savons et gommages. Cette application envisagée est validée par la mise à l'échelle pilote du procédé et une évaluation technico-économique de la méthode (Chapitre 4). Au cours des dernières décennies, les produits d'hygiène personnelle ont été formulés avec des microbilles de plastique synthétiques, qui ont été liées à la pollution des écosystèmes aquatiques, à la bioaccumulation dans les organismes marins et au transfert vers des niveaux trophiques supérieurs de la chaîne alimentaire. En conséquence, leur production et leur vente ont récemment été interdites dans de nombreux pays, dont le Canada, d'où l'intérêt de développer des microbilles biodégradables à partir de la drêche (Chapitre 2). Autrement, une deuxième méthode permet la mise en solution complète de la drêche. Le produit final de cette méthode a aussi le potentiel d'être utilisé comme exfoliant physique dans les produits d'hygiène personnelle, même si les particules obtenues comme produit final manquent de sphéricité et d'uniformité (Chapitre 3). Globalement, cette étude permet de faire d'une pierre deux coups en offrant une nouvelle utilisation au principal résidu de l'industrie brassicole en développant une solution alternative aux microbilles de plastique conventionnelles. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en français : drêche de brasserie, cellulose, microbilles, biodégradable, chimie verte. -- ABSTRACT : The number of microbreweries in Quebec has grown significantly over the past several years, increasing by more than 700% from 2002 to 2020. Consequently, an increasing quantity of co-products is generated. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) represents approximately 85% of the total co-products but is an undervalued residue, as it is primarily used as an animal feedstock. This use is logistically challenging, as wet BSG has a short shelf-life and breweries are often at an inconvenient distance from animal husbandry farms. Moreover, the demand for BSG as an animal feedstock is lower than the supply available. This project proposes a novel use for BSG as the starting material for biodegradable, exfoliating microbeads. The methodology is inspired by a process for the production of cellulose microbeads, which uses 3 to 7 wt% purified, pretreated cellulose in the beads' formulation. The protocol presented herein reduces this to 2 wt% and the remaining required solid matter is directly obtained from the lignocellulosic matrix of humid BSG. The resulting composite nature of the beads grants their superior mechanical strength and stability, allowing for their use as exfoliating particles in soap and other personal hygiene products. This envisioned application for the microbeads is further validated by the scale-up of the protocol and a technoeconomic assessment of the method (Chapter 4). Over the past few decades, exfoliating personal hygiene products have been formulated with synthetic plastic microbeads, which have been linked to the pollution of aqueous ecosystems, bioaccumulation in marine organisms, and transfer to superior trophic levels of the food chain. As a result, their production and sale have recently been banned in many countries, including Canada; hence the interest in developing a biodegradable alternative for exfoliating microbeads from BSG (Chapter 2). Otherwise, a second method described herein allows for the one-pot complete dissolution of BSG. The final product of this method has the potential to be used as a physical exfoliant in personal hygiene products, even though these particles lack sphericity and batch uniformity (Chapter 3). Overall, this study simultaneously yields a novel use for the primary residue of an ever-growing industry and provides an ecological alternative to conventional plastic microbeads. -- Mot(s) clé(s) en anglais : Brewer's Spent Grain, Cellulose, Microbeads, Biodegradable, Green Chemistry